Question 1

Festinger's famous study of a failed prophecy in a religious cult used which method?

Accepted Answer

A) participant observation 
B) unstructured naturalistic observation 
C) archival study 
D) naturalistic observation within an experimenter-structured environment 
A) participant observation 
B) unstructured naturalistic observation 
C) archival study 
D) naturalistic observation within an experimenter-structured environment A

Question 2

What is illustrated by Goodall's observations of chimps killing each other?

Accepted Answer

A) her observations were hopelessly biased by what she expected to see 
B) observational research can serve the purpose of falsification 
C) in naturalistic observation with animals, subject reactivity cannot be avoided 
D) it's a good thing she didn't try participant observation 
A) her observations were hopelessly biased by what she expected to see 
B) observational research can serve the purpose of falsification 
C) in naturalistic observation with animals, subject reactivity cannot be avoided 
D) it's a good thing she didn't try participant observation B

Question 3

Meta-analysis is a statistical tool that evaluates ________ across multiple studies.

Accepted Answer

A) replication reports 
B) effect sizes 
C) behavior checklists 
D) event sampling 
A) replication reports 
B) effect sizes 
C) behavior checklists 
D) event sampling B

Question 4

Naturalistic observation is to participant observation as ______ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) highly structured; unstructured 
B) habituation; unobtrusive observation 
C) objective; subjective 
D) lower probability of reactivity; higher probability of reactivity 
A) highly structured; unstructured 
B) habituation; unobtrusive observation 
C) objective; subjective 
D) lower probability of reactivity; higher probability of reactivity

Question 5

How is the problem of subject reactivity handled in naturalistic observations of animal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) researchers remain completely hidden from the animals 
B) researchers assume that animals become accustomed to their presence 
C) researchers rely only on unobtrusive measures 
D) researchers rely on video recording in zoos 
A) researchers remain completely hidden from the animals 
B) researchers assume that animals become accustomed to their presence 
C) researchers rely only on unobtrusive measures 
D) researchers rely on video recording in zoos

Question 6

Archival research has to deal with all of the following problems EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) experimenter bias 
B) nonrepresentative information 
C) subject reactivity 
D) missing data 
A) experimenter bias 
B) nonrepresentative information 
C) subject reactivity 
D) missing data

Question 7

Researchers have measured the contents of people's trash and the bumper stickers that people put on their cars. These are two examples of

Accepted Answer

A) event sampling 
B) unobtrusive measures 
C) reactivity 
D) double blind measures 
A) event sampling 
B) unobtrusive measures 
C) reactivity 
D) double blind measures

Question 8

Researchers using ________ will use both inductive and deductive reasoning to analyze patterns of responses from qualitative data, often without predefined categories of variables.

Accepted Answer

A) factor analysis 
B) meta-analysis 
C) content analysis 
D) thematic analysis 
A) factor analysis 
B) meta-analysis 
C) content analysis 
D) thematic analysis

Question 9

In addition to multiple regression techniques, researcher may use ________ to test for clusters of variables to better understand the variables that contribute to a phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) factor analysis 
B) meta-analysis 
C) content analysis 
D) thematic analysis 
A) factor analysis 
B) meta-analysis 
C) content analysis 
D) thematic analysis

Question 10

Which of the following is true about participant observation?

Accepted Answer

A) the participant observers can influence the behavior of the group 
B) unlike naturalistic observation, experimenter bias is unlikely to play a role 
C) researchers usually become emotionally involved and fail to record behavior objectively 
D) the method won't produce data that can be analyzed statistically 
A) the participant observers can influence the behavior of the group 
B) unlike naturalistic observation, experimenter bias is unlikely to play a role 
C) researchers usually become emotionally involved and fail to record behavior objectively 
D) the method won't produce data that can be analyzed statistically

Question 11

All of the following are designed to reduce observer bias except

Accepted Answer

A) interobserver reliability 
B) event sampling 
C) behavior checklists 
D) unobtrusive measures 
A) interobserver reliability 
B) event sampling 
C) behavior checklists 
D) unobtrusive measures

Question 12

Suppose a language researcher wishes to evaluate the type of words people use in their Twitter feeds two days before and two days after the 2016 United States presidential election. She may tap into the large amount of data, called ________ , provided by Twitter and produce word counts to observe language behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) translational data 
B) big data 
C) obtrusive measures 
D) reactivity 
A) translational data 
B) big data 
C) obtrusive measures 
D) reactivity

Question 13

Ulrich's (1984)"room with a view" study includes all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) archival data 
B) an independent variable 
C) limits on the type of patients studied 
D) random room assignment 
A) archival data 
B) an independent variable 
C) limits on the type of patients studied 
D) random room assignment

Question 14

A researcher administers several tests, correlates each test with every other test, and looks for tests that cluster together. The researcher is probably performing the preliminary steps of what procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) factor analysis 
B) meta-analysis 
C) content analysis 
D) thematic analysis 
A) factor analysis 
B) meta-analysis 
C) content analysis 
D) thematic analysis

Question 15

Crowley et al.'s (2001)observational study took place in a science museum. They found that

Accepted Answer

A) parents explained science more to older children than younger children 
B) parents explained science more to male children than female children 
C) Dads explained science more to boy children and Moms explained science more to girl children 
D) parents tended to rely on museum staff to explain science to their children 
A) parents explained science more to older children than younger children 
B) parents explained science more to male children than female children 
C) Dads explained science more to boy children and Moms explained science more to girl children 
D) parents tended to rely on museum staff to explain science to their children

Question 16

Regarding the ethics of participant observation,

Accepted Answer

A) deception may be used if it is likely that consent would not be obtained 
B) informed consent must be obtained from participants who are observed 
C) debriefing is a required 
D) deception may not be used 
A) deception may be used if it is likely that consent would not be obtained 
B) informed consent must be obtained from participants who are observed 
C) debriefing is a required 
D) deception may not be used

Question 17

Interobserver reliability is calculated for the purpose of

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the amount of data available 
B) reducing observer bias 
C) eliminating subject reactivity 
D) substituting for event and time sampling 
A) increasing the amount of data available 
B) reducing observer bias 
C) eliminating subject reactivity 
D) substituting for event and time sampling

Question 18

Reactivity can be reduced by

Accepted Answer

A) using unobtrusive measures 
B) using time sampling procedures 
C) using event sampling procedures 
D) using naturalistic rather than participant observation procedures 
A) using unobtrusive measures 
B) using time sampling procedures 
C) using event sampling procedures 
D) using naturalistic rather than participant observation procedures

Question 19

________ occurs when the behavior of subjects is affected by their knowledge that they are being observed.

Accepted Answer

A) naturalistic observation 
B) experimenter bias 
C) reactivity 
D) unobtrusive observation 
A) naturalistic observation 
B) experimenter bias 
C) reactivity 
D) unobtrusive observation

Question 20

Observer bias can be reduced by using

Accepted Answer

A) predefined behavior checklists 
B) participant instead of naturalistic observation 
C) naturalistic instead of participant observation 
D) animal instead of human subjects 
A) predefined behavior checklists 
B) participant instead of naturalistic observation 
C) naturalistic instead of participant observation 
D) animal instead of human subjects

Festinger's famous study of a failed prophecy in a religious cult used which method?

What is illustrated by Goodall's observations of chimps killing each other?

Meta-analysis is a statistical tool that evaluates ________ across multiple studies.

Naturalistic observation is to participant observation as __ is to _.

How is the problem of subject reactivity handled in naturalistic observations of animal behavior?

Archival research has to deal with all of the following problems EXCEPT

Researchers have measured the contents of people's trash and the bumper stickers that people put on their cars. These are two examples of

Researchers using ________ will use both inductive and deductive reasoning to analyze patterns of responses from qualitative data, often without predefined categories of variables.

In addition to multiple regression techniques, researcher may use ________ to test for clusters of variables to better understand the variables that contribute to a phenomenon.

Which of the following is true about participant observation?

All of the following are designed to reduce observer bias except

Ulrich's (1984)"room with a view" study includes all of the following EXCEPT

A researcher administers several tests, correlates each test with every other test, and looks for tests that cluster together. The researcher is probably performing the preliminary steps of what procedure?

Crowley et al.'s (2001)observational study took place in a science museum. They found that

Regarding the ethics of participant observation,

Interobserver reliability is calculated for the purpose of

Reactivity can be reduced by

________ occurs when the behavior of subjects is affected by their knowledge that they are being observed.

Observer bias can be reduced by using

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters

Exam 10: Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Festinger's famous study of a failed prophecy in a religious cult used which method?

What is illustrated by Goodall's observations of chimps killing each other?

Meta-analysis is a statistical tool that evaluates ________ across multiple studies.

Naturalistic observation is to participant observation as ______ is to _____.

How is the problem of subject reactivity handled in naturalistic observations of animal behavior?

Archival research has to deal with all of the following problems EXCEPT

Researchers have measured the contents of people's trash and the bumper stickers that people put on their cars. These are two examples of

Researchers using ________ will use both inductive and deductive reasoning to analyze patterns of responses from qualitative data, often without predefined categories of variables.

In addition to multiple regression techniques, researcher may use ________ to test for clusters of variables to better understand the variables that contribute to a phenomenon.

Which of the following is true about participant observation?

All of the following are designed to reduce observer bias except

Ulrich's (1984)"room with a view" study includes all of the following EXCEPT

A researcher administers several tests, correlates each test with every other test, and looks for tests that cluster together. The researcher is probably performing the preliminary steps of what procedure?

Crowley et al.'s (2001)observational study took place in a science museum. They found that

Regarding the ethics of participant observation,

Interobserver reliability is calculated for the purpose of

Reactivity can be reduced by

________ occurs when the behavior of subjects is affected by their knowledge that they are being observed.

Observer bias can be reduced by using

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters

Naturalistic observation is to participant observation as __ is to _.