Question 1

In terms of the current ethics code, Milgram's obedience research is most questionable with respect to which issue?

Accepted Answer

A) confidentiality 
B) debriefing 
C) following up on participants to insure their well being 
D) allowing participants to quit any time in the procedure 
A) confidentiality 
B) debriefing 
C) following up on participants to insure their well being 
D) allowing participants to quit any time in the procedure D

Question 2

In research with school children, what is meant by the principle of assent?

Accepted Answer

A) this is when the parents give consent 
B) this is when the teachers allow their classroom to be used in the study 
C) this is when the children agree to participate 
D) this is when the children are given concrete rewards for participating 
A) this is when the parents give consent 
B) this is when the teachers allow their classroom to be used in the study 
C) this is when the children agree to participate 
D) this is when the children are given concrete rewards for participating C

Question 3

When formulating the original APA code of ethics, the Hobbs committee used an empirical procedure called the __________ method.

Accepted Answer

A) informed consent 
B) critical incidents 
C) ethics case study 
D) archival 
A) informed consent 
B) critical incidents 
C) ethics case study 
D) archival B

Question 4

According to the APA's ethics code for humans, those who volunteer for a study

Accepted Answer

A) can quit at any time, without penalty 
B) must be debriefed at the end of the study, if they request it 
C) must sign an informed consent form that fully explains all aspects of the study ahead of time, including its complete hypothesis 
D) must complete the study, once they begin 
A) can quit at any time, without penalty 
B) must be debriefed at the end of the study, if they request it 
C) must sign an informed consent form that fully explains all aspects of the study ahead of time, including its complete hypothesis 
D) must complete the study, once they begin

Question 5

Dennis (1941)studied a pair of female twins. What was true about his study?

Accepted Answer

A) he obtained parental consent before testing them 
B) he was interested in whether environmental deprivation would affect development 
C) he was able to show that twins have about the same IQ, even if raised in different environments 
D) it was the first developmental psychology study to use assent in addition to consent 
A) he obtained parental consent before testing them 
B) he was interested in whether environmental deprivation would affect development 
C) he was able to show that twins have about the same IQ, even if raised in different environments 
D) it was the first developmental psychology study to use assent in addition to consent

Question 6

During debriefing, the experiment must be prepared to reassure the participant if the procedures have created some stress. This part of debriefing is called

Accepted Answer

A) informed consent 
B) insuring confidentiality 
C) dehoaxing 
D) desensitizing 
A) informed consent 
B) insuring confidentiality 
C) dehoaxing 
D) desensitizing

Question 7

According to APA guidelines, when is it considered appropriate to deceive participants about the true purpose of the study?

Accepted Answer

A) never 
B) only when debriefing is excluded (therefore participants won't need to discover that they have been deceived) 
C) only when the subjects are nonhuman 
D) only when the research hypothesis could not be tested in any other way 
A) never 
B) only when debriefing is excluded (therefore participants won't need to discover that they have been deceived) 
C) only when the subjects are nonhuman 
D) only when the research hypothesis could not be tested in any other way

Question 8

How did Watson and Rayner justify doing the Little Albert study?

Accepted Answer

A) they knew they would be removing the fear at the end of the study; thus Albert would leave the experiment without the fear 
B) they had the parents' informed consent and the approval of the IRB 
C) they thought he was strong and healthy and would not be harmed by the procedure 
D) none of the above - they gave no thought to the ethical dimensions of their study 
A) they knew they would be removing the fear at the end of the study; thus Albert would leave the experiment without the fear 
B) they had the parents' informed consent and the approval of the IRB 
C) they thought he was strong and healthy and would not be harmed by the procedure 
D) none of the above - they gave no thought to the ethical dimensions of their study

Question 9

In their visual cliff research, Gibson and Walk (1960)studied both children and goats. Why goats?

Accepted Answer

A) goat and human visual systems are identical 
B) goats could be placed on the visual cliff while blindfolded; you cannot do that to children 
C) unlike children, goats can be raised is perceptual isolation 
D) goats can move through the environment at about the same time as humans 
A) goat and human visual systems are identical 
B) goats could be placed on the visual cliff while blindfolded; you cannot do that to children 
C) unlike children, goats can be raised is perceptual isolation 
D) goats can move through the environment at about the same time as humans

Question 10

Most research psychologists believe that

Accepted Answer

A) "sentient" animals have the same basic rights as humans 
B) animals can be subjected to procedures not to be used with people 
C) ethical guidelines are essential for research with humans, but not so for research with animals 
D) animal research has no relevance for understanding human behavior 
A) "sentient" animals have the same basic rights as humans 
B) animals can be subjected to procedures not to be used with people 
C) ethical guidelines are essential for research with humans, but not so for research with animals 
D) animal research has no relevance for understanding human behavior

Question 11

Based on the Doctors Trials of Nazi doctor's experimentation on humans, the __________ was developed and stressed the importance of voluntary consent of human participants of research.

Accepted Answer

A) APA code of ethics 
B) Belmont report 
C) critical incidents method 
D) Nuremberg code of ethics 
A) APA code of ethics 
B) Belmont report 
C) critical incidents method 
D) Nuremberg code of ethics

Question 12

When planning any study, the research psychologist faces the conflicting demands of producing meaningful research and

Accepted Answer

A) respecting the rights of human participants 
B) wasting time by doing an experiment that doesn't come out as predicted 
C) getting something published 
D) being sure to avoid any deception of participants 
A) respecting the rights of human participants 
B) wasting time by doing an experiment that doesn't come out as predicted 
C) getting something published 
D) being sure to avoid any deception of participants

Question 13

Which of the following problems is unique to electronic research?

Accepted Answer

A) it is impossible to accomplish debriefing 
B) deception might occur 
C) participants might think they cannot quit the experiment without penalty 
D) there is no way to insure that a participant is age 18 or older 
A) it is impossible to accomplish debriefing 
B) deception might occur 
C) participants might think they cannot quit the experiment without penalty 
D) there is no way to insure that a participant is age 18 or older

Question 14

Concerning the assignment of risk, where would you place the participants in Milgram's experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) at minimal risk 
B) at risk 
C) experiencing no risk 
D) none of the above 
A) at minimal risk 
B) at risk 
C) experiencing no risk 
D) none of the above

Question 15

If there is minimal or no risk to participants, the IRB will

Accepted Answer

A) not have to consider the case 
B) typically complete a formal review (just to be sure) 
C) typically complete an expedited review 
D) always approve the research 
A) not have to consider the case 
B) typically complete a formal review (just to be sure) 
C) typically complete an expedited review 
D) always approve the research

Question 16

All of the following are the kinds of statements that derive from one's system of ethics except

Accepted Answer

A) I don't think it is appropriate to allow children to watch more than three hours of TV per day 
B) People should not be allowed to have pets; it's slavery 
C) I don't think it is appropriate to separate mind from body; the mind is just a looser term for the brain 
D) If you spare the rod, you will produce an emotionally healthy child 
A) I don't think it is appropriate to allow children to watch more than three hours of TV per day 
B) People should not be allowed to have pets; it's slavery 
C) I don't think it is appropriate to separate mind from body; the mind is just a looser term for the brain 
D) If you spare the rod, you will produce an emotionally healthy child

Question 17

What distinguishes the following two historical examples of ethically "challenged" incidents: the Willowbrook case and the MK-ULTRA case?

Accepted Answer

A) Willowbrook broke confidentiality; MK-ULTRA was a failure to debrief 
B) the Willowbrook researchers hoped to improve health; the MK-ULTRA researchers were not concerned with medical benefit to society 
C) Willowbrook failed on the issue of assent, but was adequate on the issue of consent; the opposite was true of MK-ULTRA 
D) Willowbrook involved human participants, while MK-ULTRA used animals 
A) Willowbrook broke confidentiality; MK-ULTRA was a failure to debrief 
B) the Willowbrook researchers hoped to improve health; the MK-ULTRA researchers were not concerned with medical benefit to society 
C) Willowbrook failed on the issue of assent, but was adequate on the issue of consent; the opposite was true of MK-ULTRA 
D) Willowbrook involved human participants, while MK-ULTRA used animals

Question 18

Moderate animal rights activists who grant the necessity of using animals for medical research often criticize the use of animals in psychological research on what grounds?

Accepted Answer

A) it is needlessly repetitive 
B) animal research has no relevance for human behavior 
C) both a. and b. 
D) none of the above 
A) it is needlessly repetitive 
B) animal research has no relevance for human behavior 
C) both a. and b. 
D) none of the above

Question 19

Research participants can expect to find several pieces of information in an informed consent form. Which of the following is not likely to be found?

Accepted Answer

A) a statement of the possible risks for participating 
B) a mechanism for contacting the researcher after the participation is over 
C) a statement of the study's true purpose and hypothesis 
D) an assurance of confidentiality 
A) a statement of the possible risks for participating 
B) a mechanism for contacting the researcher after the participation is over 
C) a statement of the study's true purpose and hypothesis 
D) an assurance of confidentiality

Question 20

In the case in which a researcher fabricated data about a treatment for hyperactive children, the fraud was detected because

Accepted Answer

A) the results never replicated 
B) it caught the attention of peers during the peer review process; the results were never published 
C) a colleague suspected that the data were not genuine 
D) the researcher was overwhelmed with guilt 
A) the results never replicated 
B) it caught the attention of peers during the peer review process; the results were never published 
C) a colleague suspected that the data were not genuine 
D) the researcher was overwhelmed with guilt

In terms of the current ethics code, Milgram's obedience research is most questionable with respect to which issue?

In research with school children, what is meant by the principle of assent?

When formulating the original APA code of ethics, the Hobbs committee used an empirical procedure called the __________ method.

According to the APA's ethics code for humans, those who volunteer for a study

Dennis (1941)studied a pair of female twins. What was true about his study?

During debriefing, the experiment must be prepared to reassure the participant if the procedures have created some stress. This part of debriefing is called

According to APA guidelines, when is it considered appropriate to deceive participants about the true purpose of the study?

How did Watson and Rayner justify doing the Little Albert study?

In their visual cliff research, Gibson and Walk (1960)studied both children and goats. Why goats?

Most research psychologists believe that

Based on the Doctors Trials of Nazi doctor's experimentation on humans, the __________ was developed and stressed the importance of voluntary consent of human participants of research.

When planning any study, the research psychologist faces the conflicting demands of producing meaningful research and

Which of the following problems is unique to electronic research?

Concerning the assignment of risk, where would you place the participants in Milgram's experiment?

If there is minimal or no risk to participants, the IRB will

All of the following are the kinds of statements that derive from one's system of ethics except

What distinguishes the following two historical examples of ethically "challenged" incidents: the Willowbrook case and the MK-ULTRA case?

Moderate animal rights activists who grant the necessity of using animals for medical research often criticize the use of animals in psychological research on what grounds?

Research participants can expect to find several pieces of information in an informed consent form. Which of the following is not likely to be found?

In the case in which a researcher fabricated data about a treatment for hyperactive children, the fraud was detected because

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters

Exam 2: Ethics in Psychological Research

In terms of the current ethics code, Milgram's obedience research is most questionable with respect to which issue?

In research with school children, what is meant by the principle of assent?

When formulating the original APA code of ethics, the Hobbs committee used an empirical procedure called the __________ method.

According to the APA's ethics code for humans, those who volunteer for a study

Dennis (1941)studied a pair of female twins. What was true about his study?

During debriefing, the experiment must be prepared to reassure the participant if the procedures have created some stress. This part of debriefing is called

According to APA guidelines, when is it considered appropriate to deceive participants about the true purpose of the study?

How did Watson and Rayner justify doing the Little Albert study?

In their visual cliff research, Gibson and Walk (1960)studied both children and goats. Why goats?

Most research psychologists believe that

Based on the Doctors Trials of Nazi doctor's experimentation on humans, the __________ was developed and stressed the importance of voluntary consent of human participants of research.

When planning any study, the research psychologist faces the conflicting demands of producing meaningful research and

Which of the following problems is unique to electronic research?

Concerning the assignment of risk, where would you place the participants in Milgram's experiment?

If there is minimal or no risk to participants, the IRB will

All of the following are the kinds of statements that derive from one's system of ethics except

What distinguishes the following two historical examples of ethically "challenged" incidents: the Willowbrook case and the MK-ULTRA case?

Moderate animal rights activists who grant the necessity of using animals for medical research often criticize the use of animals in psychological research on what grounds?

Research participants can expect to find several pieces of information in an informed consent form. Which of the following is not likely to be found?

In the case in which a researcher fabricated data about a treatment for hyperactive children, the fraud was detected because

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters