Question 1

All of the following are examples of ratio scale measures except

Accepted Answer

A) reaction time 
B) number of errors in maze running 
C) Grade Point Average (GP
A)  
D) number of words recalled on a memory test 
A) reaction time 
B) number of errors in maze running 
C) Grade Point Average (GP
A)  
D) number of words recalled on a memory test C

Question 2

The purpose of random sampling is to obtain a sample that is

Accepted Answer

A) large enough to be valid 
B) representative of the population 
C) smaller than the population 
D) significantly different from the population 
A) large enough to be valid 
B) representative of the population 
C) smaller than the population 
D) significantly different from the population B

Question 3

On the "Connectedness to Nature" scale, convergent validity was established when it was found that a correlation existed between scores on the scale and

Accepted Answer

A) SAT scores 
B) scores on a test of social desirability 
C) scores on the NEP ("New Ecological Paradigm")test 
D) scores on a shyness test 
A) SAT scores 
B) scores on a test of social desirability 
C) scores on the NEP ("New Ecological Paradigm")test 
D) scores on a shyness test C

Question 4

When should a stratified sample be used?

Accepted Answer

A) when probability sampling is not necessary 
B) when identifiable subgroups of the population are of interest 
C) when the population is too large for all of it to be tested 
D) when a list of all population members is not available 
A) when probability sampling is not necessary 
B) when identifiable subgroups of the population are of interest 
C) when the population is too large for all of it to be tested 
D) when a list of all population members is not available

Question 5

On a reaction time test, which of the following factors could contribute to measurement error?

Accepted Answer

A) subject attentiveness 
B) equipment irregularities 
C) increased boredom if the task lasts too long 
D) all of the above 
A) subject attentiveness 
B) equipment irregularities 
C) increased boredom if the task lasts too long 
D) all of the above

Question 6

A test with a minimum amount of measurement error is said to be

Accepted Answer

A) reliable 
B) valid 
C) both alternatives a. and b. 
D) none of the above 
A) reliable 
B) valid 
C) both alternatives a. and b. 
D) none of the above

Question 7

When considering a student's overall standing in a class (first, second, third, etc.), which measurement scale is being used?

Accepted Answer

A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio 
A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio

Question 8

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds)spent looking" suggests that habituation is occurring?

Accepted Answer

A) 14, 10, 8, 12 
B) 6, 6, 6, 6 
C) 10, 6, 10, 6 
D) 10, 8, 6, 4 
A) 14, 10, 8, 12 
B) 6, 6, 6, 6 
C) 10, 6, 10, 6 
D) 10, 8, 6, 4

Question 9

When summarizing data, why is it important to report both the mean and the standard deviation?

Accepted Answer

A) two sets of data could have the same mean but different amounts of variability 
B) this way both descriptive and inferential statistics are covered 
C) this way the null hypothesis can be evaluated 
D) this enables the researcher to avoid Type I and Type II errors 
A) two sets of data could have the same mean but different amounts of variability 
B) this way both descriptive and inferential statistics are covered 
C) this way the null hypothesis can be evaluated 
D) this enables the researcher to avoid Type I and Type II errors

Question 10

Descriptive statistics

Accepted Answer

A) enable the researcher to determine the significance of results 
B) summarize the data of an experiment 
C) both alternatives a. and b. 
D) none of the above 
A) enable the researcher to determine the significance of results 
B) summarize the data of an experiment 
C) both alternatives a. and b. 
D) none of the above

Question 11

Researchers are happy whenever

Accepted Answer

A) systematic variance is large 
B) error variance is small 
C) both alternatives a. and b. 
D) none of the above 
A) systematic variance is large 
B) error variance is small 
C) both alternatives a. and b. 
D) none of the above

Question 12

In a study examining gender differences in verbal fluency in children, the null hypothesis is that

Accepted Answer

A) girls and boys perform equally 
B) girls will most likely outperform boys 
C) boys will most likely outperform girls 
D) could be either alternative b. or c., depending on the researcher's prediction 
A) girls and boys perform equally 
B) girls will most likely outperform boys 
C) boys will most likely outperform girls 
D) could be either alternative b. or c., depending on the researcher's prediction

Question 13

A test might not appear to be a good test of intelligence and yet it might do a very good job of predicting how well someone does in school. That is, this test

Accepted Answer

A) has both face validity and predictive validity 
B) has criterion validity but not face validity 
C) is reliable but not valid 
D) has criterion validity but lacks reliability 
A) has both face validity and predictive validity 
B) has criterion validity but not face validity 
C) is reliable but not valid 
D) has criterion validity but lacks reliability

Question 14

When is the median a better measure of central tendency than the mean?

Accepted Answer

A) when several of the scores are the same score 
B) when there are a few scores that are much higher or lower than the others 
C) when the scores are normally distributed 
D) none of the above; the mean is always preferred 
A) when several of the scores are the same score 
B) when there are a few scores that are much higher or lower than the others 
C) when the scores are normally distributed 
D) none of the above; the mean is always preferred

Question 15

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds)spent looking" suggests that habituation occurs initially, but is followed by the perception of "something new?"

Accepted Answer

A) 12, 10, 7, 11 
B) 6, 6, 6, 6 
C) 10, 6, 10, 6 
D) 10, 8, 6, 4 
A) 12, 10, 7, 11 
B) 6, 6, 6, 6 
C) 10, 6, 10, 6 
D) 10, 8, 6, 4

Question 16

What is accomplished by a meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) this analysis determines the probability of making both type I and type II errors 
B) this is the statistical technique used to measure power 
C) this is the term used to describe the complete statistical analysis of data-both the descriptive and the inferential analyses 
D) this is a statistical procedure that combines effect sizes of several studies 
A) this analysis determines the probability of making both type I and type II errors 
B) this is the statistical technique used to measure power 
C) this is the term used to describe the complete statistical analysis of data-both the descriptive and the inferential analyses 
D) this is a statistical procedure that combines effect sizes of several studies

Question 17

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following would be a Type II error?

Accepted Answer

A) the null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true 
B) the wild rats outperform the lab rats in the study 
C) no difference is found in the study, but wild rats are in truth better maze learners 
D) lab rats learn faster in the study, but in truth there is no difference 
A) the null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true 
B) the wild rats outperform the lab rats in the study 
C) no difference is found in the study, but wild rats are in truth better maze learners 
D) lab rats learn faster in the study, but in truth there is no difference

Question 18

If an IQ test is reliable and a child scores 115, what is known?

Accepted Answer

A) the child will only be an average student in school 
B) the student will perform at a level in school that is about 15% higher than others 
C) the IQ test is a good measure of intellect 
D) the person has a higher IQ than someone who scores 95 
A) the child will only be an average student in school 
B) the student will perform at a level in school that is about 15% higher than others 
C) the IQ test is a good measure of intellect 
D) the person has a higher IQ than someone who scores 95

Question 19

The power of a statistical analysis refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the chances of rejecting the false null hypothesis 
B) the chances of rejecting a true null hypothesis 
C) the chances of rejecting any null hypothesis 
D) whether the analysis involves descriptive or inferential statistics (inferential are more powerful) 
A) the chances of rejecting the false null hypothesis 
B) the chances of rejecting a true null hypothesis 
C) the chances of rejecting any null hypothesis 
D) whether the analysis involves descriptive or inferential statistics (inferential are more powerful)

Question 20

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) the null hypothesis is that wild rats will learn faster than lab rats 
B) a Type II error would be to find a difference in the study when no true difference exists 
C) a Type I error would be to find no difference in the study when a true difference exists 
D) if wild rats really are better, but the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis, then a Type II error has occurred 
A) the null hypothesis is that wild rats will learn faster than lab rats 
B) a Type II error would be to find a difference in the study when no true difference exists 
C) a Type I error would be to find no difference in the study when a true difference exists 
D) if wild rats really are better, but the researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis, then a Type II error has occurred

All of the following are examples of ratio scale measures except

The purpose of random sampling is to obtain a sample that is

On the "Connectedness to Nature" scale, convergent validity was established when it was found that a correlation existed between scores on the scale and

When should a stratified sample be used?

On a reaction time test, which of the following factors could contribute to measurement error?

A test with a minimum amount of measurement error is said to be

When considering a student's overall standing in a class (first, second, third, etc.), which measurement scale is being used?

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds)spent looking" suggests that habituation is occurring?

When summarizing data, why is it important to report both the mean and the standard deviation?

Descriptive statistics

Researchers are happy whenever

In a study examining gender differences in verbal fluency in children, the null hypothesis is that

A test might not appear to be a good test of intelligence and yet it might do a very good job of predicting how well someone does in school. That is, this test

When is the median a better measure of central tendency than the mean?

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds)spent looking" suggests that habituation occurs initially, but is followed by the perception of "something new?"

What is accomplished by a meta-analysis?

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following would be a Type II error?

If an IQ test is reliable and a child scores 115, what is known?

The power of a statistical analysis refers to

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following is true?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters

Exam 4: Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

All of the following are examples of ratio scale measures except

The purpose of random sampling is to obtain a sample that is

On the "Connectedness to Nature" scale, convergent validity was established when it was found that a correlation existed between scores on the scale and

When should a stratified sample be used?

On a reaction time test, which of the following factors could contribute to measurement error?

A test with a minimum amount of measurement error is said to be

When considering a student's overall standing in a class (first, second, third, etc.), which measurement scale is being used?

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds)spent looking" suggests that habituation is occurring?

When summarizing data, why is it important to report both the mean and the standard deviation?

Descriptive statistics

Researchers are happy whenever

In a study examining gender differences in verbal fluency in children, the null hypothesis is that

A test might not appear to be a good test of intelligence and yet it might do a very good job of predicting how well someone does in school. That is, this test

When is the median a better measure of central tendency than the mean?

Which of the following sequences of "time (in seconds)spent looking" suggests that habituation occurs initially, but is followed by the perception of "something new?"

What is accomplished by a meta-analysis?

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following would be a Type II error?

If an IQ test is reliable and a child scores 115, what is known?

The power of a statistical analysis refers to

In a maze learning study, a researcher compares the performance of laboratory-bred rats and wild rats, hoping to find that the wild rats are better. Which of the following is true?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters