Question 1

Magazine surveys about your mental health

Accepted Answer

A) have been shown to be highly reliable 
B) have criterion validity but not construct validity 
C) have construct validity but not criterion validity 
D) have face validity but not construct validity 
A) have been shown to be highly reliable 
B) have criterion validity but not construct validity 
C) have construct validity but not criterion validity 
D) have face validity but not construct validity

Question 2

When using a(n)______ measurement scale, the most that can be said is that one score is greater than another.

Accepted Answer

A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio 
A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio

Question 3

Suppose a child in Kim and Spelke's (1992)habituation experiment showed a gradual decrease in looking time when shown ten examples of balls rolling down a plane while accelerating. The child then sees (trial 11)a ball rolling up a plane while decelerating. If the child understands the concept of gravity, what will happen to the behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) they will no longer look at the display 
B) they will look much longer on trial 11 than on trial 10 
C) they will look for the same amount of time on both trials 10 and 11 
D) not enough information to decide 
A) they will no longer look at the display 
B) they will look much longer on trial 11 than on trial 10 
C) they will look for the same amount of time on both trials 10 and 11 
D) not enough information to decide

Question 4

Descriptive statistic is to inferential statistic as _________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) mean; standard deviation 
B) central tendency; variability 
C) sample; population 
D) median; range 
A) mean; standard deviation 
B) central tendency; variability 
C) sample; population 
D) median; range

Question 5

In order to generalize from the results obtained with a sample to the population as a whole,

Accepted Answer

A) all members of the population must be tested eventually 
B) each member of the population must have exactly the same probability of being selected, especially if stratified sampling is being used 
C) the sample must be representative of the population 
D) the exact values (on the trait being measured)for the population must be known 
A) all members of the population must be tested eventually 
B) each member of the population must have exactly the same probability of being selected, especially if stratified sampling is being used 
C) the sample must be representative of the population 
D) the exact values (on the trait being measured)for the population must be known

Question 6

Which of the following is true about measures of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) they are more likely to be valid than reliable 
B) they all include some degree of measurement error 
C) measurement error can be eliminated completely by careful researchers 
D) if a measure has content validity, it is almost certain to be reliable 
A) they are more likely to be valid than reliable 
B) they all include some degree of measurement error 
C) measurement error can be eliminated completely by careful researchers 
D) if a measure has content validity, it is almost certain to be reliable

Question 7

Guéguen and Ciccotti (2008)tested whether having a dog present would lead women to provide their phone numbers to inquiring men. In this study, a nominal scale of measurement was used for which variable?

Accepted Answer

A) gender 
B) whether or not a dog was present 
C) whether or not phone numbers were provided 
D) a nominal scale of measurement was not used in this study 
A) gender 
B) whether or not a dog was present 
C) whether or not phone numbers were provided 
D) a nominal scale of measurement was not used in this study

Question 8

What is the relationship between a frequency distribution (FD)and a normal distribution (ND)?

Accepted Answer

A) FD uses the median as the primary measure of central tendency; ND uses the mean 
B) FD is a hypothetical distribution; ND is based on actual data 
C) FD is a distribution of actual scores, while ND is a hypothetical distribution 
D) FD is always bell shaped, while ND may or may not be bell shaped 
A) FD uses the median as the primary measure of central tendency; ND uses the mean 
B) FD is a hypothetical distribution; ND is based on actual data 
C) FD is a distribution of actual scores, while ND is a hypothetical distribution 
D) FD is always bell shaped, while ND may or may not be bell shaped

Question 9

The tendency for studies with statistically significant results to be published more so than studies with nonsignificant results is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a publication bias 
B) an effect size 
C) a meta-analysis 
D) power 
A) a publication bias 
B) an effect size 
C) a meta-analysis 
D) power

Question 10

For each of the following, a construct is paired with a measure. Which measure has the least content validity?

Accepted Answer

A) creativity - crossword puzzle completion 
B) delay of gratification - choosing to wait for a larger reward 
C) verbal intelligence - vocabulary 
D) short-term memory - recall of nonsense syllables 
A) creativity - crossword puzzle completion 
B) delay of gratification - choosing to wait for a larger reward 
C) verbal intelligence - vocabulary 
D) short-term memory - recall of nonsense syllables

Question 11

A study examines scores on an employment test and job performance six months later. This study is most likely attempting to establish

Accepted Answer

A) criterion validity 
B) face validity 
C) reliability 
D) construct validity 
A) criterion validity 
B) face validity 
C) reliability 
D) construct validity

Question 12

Classification is the major purpose of a(n)________ scale of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio 
A) nominal 
B) ordinal 
C) interval 
D) ratio

Question 13

The results of an inkblot test might be quite different when given to the same person on two different occasions. If this is the case, then based on this fact alone, the inkblot test is

Accepted Answer

A) not reliable but probably valid 
B) not reliable 
C) not valid 
D) neither reliable nor valid 
A) not reliable but probably valid 
B) not reliable 
C) not valid 
D) neither reliable nor valid

Question 14

Using Donders method, if the mental event called discrimination takes 0.07 seconds and discrimination reaction time takes 0.23 seconds, what is the person's basic reaction time?

Accepted Answer

A) 0)07 seconds 
B) 0)30 seconds 
C) 0)16 seconds 
D) 0)93 seconds 
A) 0)07 seconds 
B) 0)30 seconds 
C) 0)16 seconds 
D) 0)93 seconds

Question 15

Suppose a child in Kim and Spelke's (1992)habituation experiment showed a gradual decrease in looking time when shown ten examples of balls rolling down a plane while accelerating. The child then sees (trial 11)a ball rolling down a plane while decelerating. If the child has grasped the concept of gravity, what will happen to the behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) they will look longer on trial 10 than on trial 11 
B) they will look longer on trial 11 than on trial 10 
C) they will look for the same amount of time on both trials 10 and 11 
D) not enough information to decide 
A) they will look longer on trial 10 than on trial 11 
B) they will look longer on trial 11 than on trial 10 
C) they will look for the same amount of time on both trials 10 and 11 
D) not enough information to decide

Question 16

A test is said to be reliable if ___________, and valid if it _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) its results are repeatable; measures what it is supposed to measure 
B) has a sufficiently high amount of measurement error; measures what it is supposed to 
C) its results are repeatable; is low in measurement error 
D) measures what it is supposed to measure; is low in measurement error 
A) its results are repeatable; measures what it is supposed to measure 
B) has a sufficiently high amount of measurement error; measures what it is supposed to 
C) its results are repeatable; is low in measurement error 
D) measures what it is supposed to measure; is low in measurement error

Question 17

Researchers often report effect sizes to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A) the relationship between systematic variance and error variance. 
B) confidence intervals. 
C) the size or magnitude of the effect. 
D) statistical power. 
A) the relationship between systematic variance and error variance. 
B) confidence intervals. 
C) the size or magnitude of the effect. 
D) statistical power.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about Type I errors?

Accepted Answer

A) the probability of one occurring is equal to the alpha level 
B) they cannot occur if the statistical test is powerful enough 
C) they occur when a true effect exists, but we fail to discover it in our study 
D) if one occurs, there is no chance that your study will be published 
A) the probability of one occurring is equal to the alpha level 
B) they cannot occur if the statistical test is powerful enough 
C) they occur when a true effect exists, but we fail to discover it in our study 
D) if one occurs, there is no chance that your study will be published

Question 19

A set of data has a mean of 12 and a 95% confidence interval of 10-14. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) the standard deviation will be 14-10, or 4 
B) you can be 95% sure that 12 is the population mean 
C) in order for the mean to be significantly different fro some other mean, the scores producing the other mean cannot be between 10 and 14 
D) you can be quite sure that the population mean falls somewhere between 10 and 14 
A) the standard deviation will be 14-10, or 4 
B) you can be 95% sure that 12 is the population mean 
C) in order for the mean to be significantly different fro some other mean, the scores producing the other mean cannot be between 10 and 14 
D) you can be quite sure that the population mean falls somewhere between 10 and 14

Question 20

Which of the following is true about construct validity?

Accepted Answer

A) it is never established in a single study 
B) it is concerned with the question of whether the construct being measured is a meaningful construct 
C) it is concerned with the question of whether a tool developed to measure a construct is the best one available 
D) all of the above 
A) it is never established in a single study 
B) it is concerned with the question of whether the construct being measured is a meaningful construct 
C) it is concerned with the question of whether a tool developed to measure a construct is the best one available 
D) all of the above

Magazine surveys about your mental health

When using a(n)______ measurement scale, the most that can be said is that one score is greater than another.

Descriptive statistic is to inferential statistic as _ is to .

In order to generalize from the results obtained with a sample to the population as a whole,

Which of the following is true about measures of behavior?

Guéguen and Ciccotti (2008)tested whether having a dog present would lead women to provide their phone numbers to inquiring men. In this study, a nominal scale of measurement was used for which variable?

What is the relationship between a frequency distribution (FD)and a normal distribution (ND)?

The tendency for studies with statistically significant results to be published more so than studies with nonsignificant results is called ________.

For each of the following, a construct is paired with a measure. Which measure has the least content validity?

A study examines scores on an employment test and job performance six months later. This study is most likely attempting to establish

Classification is the major purpose of a(n)________ scale of measurement.

The results of an inkblot test might be quite different when given to the same person on two different occasions. If this is the case, then based on this fact alone, the inkblot test is

Using Donders method, if the mental event called discrimination takes 0.07 seconds and discrimination reaction time takes 0.23 seconds, what is the person's basic reaction time?

A test is said to be reliable if _, and valid if it ___.

Researchers often report effect sizes to demonstrate

Which of the following is true about Type I errors?

A set of data has a mean of 12 and a 95% confidence interval of 10-14. What does this mean?

Which of the following is true about construct validity?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters

Exam 4: Sampling, Measurement, and Hypothesis Testing

Magazine surveys about your mental health

When using a(n)______ measurement scale, the most that can be said is that one score is greater than another.

Descriptive statistic is to inferential statistic as _________ is to ________.

In order to generalize from the results obtained with a sample to the population as a whole,

Which of the following is true about measures of behavior?

Guéguen and Ciccotti (2008)tested whether having a dog present would lead women to provide their phone numbers to inquiring men. In this study, a nominal scale of measurement was used for which variable?

What is the relationship between a frequency distribution (FD)and a normal distribution (ND)?

The tendency for studies with statistically significant results to be published more so than studies with nonsignificant results is called ________.

For each of the following, a construct is paired with a measure. Which measure has the least content validity?

A study examines scores on an employment test and job performance six months later. This study is most likely attempting to establish

Classification is the major purpose of a(n)________ scale of measurement.

The results of an inkblot test might be quite different when given to the same person on two different occasions. If this is the case, then based on this fact alone, the inkblot test is

Using Donders method, if the mental event called discrimination takes 0.07 seconds and discrimination reaction time takes 0.23 seconds, what is the person's basic reaction time?

A test is said to be reliable if ___________, and valid if it _____________.

Researchers often report effect sizes to demonstrate

Which of the following is true about Type I errors?

A set of data has a mean of 12 and a 95% confidence interval of 10-14. What does this mean?

Which of the following is true about construct validity?

Scientific Thinking in Psychology

Ethics in Psychological Research

Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology

Introduction to Experimental Research

Methodological Control in Experimental Research

Experimental Design I: Single-Factor Designs

Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs

Non-Experimental Design I: Survey Methods

Non-Experimental Design II: Observational and Archival Methods

Quasi-Experimental Designs and Applied Research

Small N Designs

Filters

Descriptive statistic is to inferential statistic as _ is to .

A test is said to be reliable if _, and valid if it ___.