Exam 7: Attention

Results of the Posner spatial cuing task showed that cuing participants to the location of an upcoming target decreased their reaction time to detect it because attention enhanced perceptual processing for the target. This finding is most consistent with models of attention.

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Question 1

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Alexandra believes that the effects of attention on perception occur very quickly on a fine temporal scale. Which of the following techniques should she use to investigate the changes in perceptual processing that may accompany focused attention?

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Question 2

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Please describe the dorsal and ventral system of attention. What role do they play in neglect?

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The dorsal and ventral systems of attention are two distinct neural networks that are responsible for different aspects of attention. The dorsal system is involved in spatial attention and the guidance of actions, while the ventral system is responsible for object-based attention and the identification and recognition of objects.

In cases of neglect, where individuals have difficulty attending to or recognizing stimuli on one side of space, both the dorsal and ventral systems may be affected. Damage to the dorsal system can lead to difficulties in directing attention to one side of space, while damage to the ventral system can result in problems with identifying and recognizing objects on that side.

Overall, the dorsal and ventral systems of attention play crucial roles in our ability to attend to and interact with the world around us. When either system is impaired, it can result in neglect and difficulties in attending to stimuli on one side of space.

Hillyard and colleagues 1973) recorded event-related potentials ERP) from participants while they performed a dichotic listening task. When comparing the ERPs collected when participants attended to a given signal to when they ignored this signal, the researchers found that auditory ERPs

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Question 4

To explain dichotic listening findings such as the observation that a participant usually notices when his or her own name is embedded in the ignored channel, Treisman 1969) proposed that

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Question 5

According to research by Wolfe and colleagues 2000), visual search is slowest when

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Question 6

Unilateral spatial neglect typically results from damage to the left temporal lobe.

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Question 7

What is the neurological syndrome known as neglect? Describe the typical symptoms and associated brain regions. How does complete neglect differ from extinction?

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Question 8

When Bisiach and Luzzatti 1978) asked patients with the neglect syndrome to describe their own mental images of the Italian city in which they lived, the researchers found that

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Question 9

You are sitting in a coffee shop talking to your best friend while everyone around you talks and music is playing in the background. The fact that you can attend to your friend and ignore the other sounds around you is best described by which of the following items?

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Question 10

Describe the role of attention in perception. What might you conclude based on behavioral studies? How do studies of the neural substrate inform behavioral results?

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Question 11

In exogenous cuing, the orienting of attention to the cue is driven primarily by the participant's goals.

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Question 12

Describe the experimental design of a Posner cuing experiment. In your answer, provide definitions for the terms exogenous cuing, endogenous cuing, valid trial, invalid trial, and inhibition of return.

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Question 13

Which of the following phenomena is the most consciously mediated?

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Question 14

In attention experiments, cues that correctly predict the location of the target are called , whereas cues that predict other locations are called .

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Question 15

Techniques such as EEG are particularly well suited to studies of attention. However, one difficulty in using these techniques is that

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Question 16

Spatial attention to one hemifield leads to increased neural activity in the fusiform gyrus in the ipsilateral hemisphere.

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Question 17

Attention can be divided into two broad categories:

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Question 18

In ERP studies of performance on the dichotic listening task, Hillyard and colleagues 1973) found that attended signals are accompanied by a negative-polarity waveform that is relatively large and peaks at approximately 180 milliseconds after stimulus presentation. This waveform is called the auditory potential.

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Question 19

refers to the ability to choose certain sensory inputs for further information processing while ignoring others.

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Question 20

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Results of the Posner spatial cuing task showed that cuing participants to the location of an upcoming target decreased their reaction time to detect it because attention enhanced perceptual processing for the target. This finding is most consistent with models of attention.

Alexandra believes that the effects of attention on perception occur very quickly on a fine temporal scale. Which of the following techniques should she use to investigate the changes in perceptual processing that may accompany focused attention?

Please describe the dorsal and ventral system of attention. What role do they play in neglect?

Hillyard and colleagues 1973) recorded event-related potentials ERP) from participants while they performed a dichotic listening task. When comparing the ERPs collected when participants attended to a given signal to when they ignored this signal, the researchers found that auditory ERPs

To explain dichotic listening findings such as the observation that a participant usually notices when his or her own name is embedded in the ignored channel, Treisman 1969) proposed that

According to research by Wolfe and colleagues 2000), visual search is slowest when

Unilateral spatial neglect typically results from damage to the left temporal lobe.

What is the neurological syndrome known as neglect? Describe the typical symptoms and associated brain regions. How does complete neglect differ from extinction?

When Bisiach and Luzzatti 1978) asked patients with the neglect syndrome to describe their own mental images of the Italian city in which they lived, the researchers found that

You are sitting in a coffee shop talking to your best friend while everyone around you talks and music is playing in the background. The fact that you can attend to your friend and ignore the other sounds around you is best described by which of the following items?

Describe the role of attention in perception. What might you conclude based on behavioral studies? How do studies of the neural substrate inform behavioral results?

In exogenous cuing, the orienting of attention to the cue is driven primarily by the participant's goals.

Describe the experimental design of a Posner cuing experiment. In your answer, provide definitions for the terms exogenous cuing, endogenous cuing, valid trial, invalid trial, and inhibition of return.

Which of the following phenomena is the most consciously mediated?

In attention experiments, cues that correctly predict the location of the target are called , whereas cues that predict other locations are called .

Techniques such as EEG are particularly well suited to studies of attention. However, one difficulty in using these techniques is that

Spatial attention to one hemifield leads to increased neural activity in the fusiform gyrus in the ipsilateral hemisphere.

Attention can be divided into two broad categories:

refers to the ability to choose certain sensory inputs for further information processing while ignoring others.

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Structure and Function of the Nervous System

Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

Hemispheric Specialization

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

Action

Memory

Emotion

Language

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

Consciousness, Free Will, and the Law

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