Question 1

What are the fibers that connect the cortical regions on one side of the brain with the corresponding cortical region on the other side of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  projection fibers 
B)  arcuate fasciculi 
C)  association fibers 
D)  commissural fibers 
E)  spinothalamic tracts 
A)  projection fibers 
B)  arcuate fasciculi 
C)  association fibers 
D)  commissural fibers 
E)  spinothalamic tracts D

Question 2

What endocrine gland is attached to the hypothalamus and involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

A)  basal nuclei 
B)  parahippocampal gyri 
C)  pineal gland 
D)  cingulate nuclei 
E)  fornix 
A)  basal nuclei 
B)  parahippocampal gyri 
C)  pineal gland 
D)  cingulate nuclei 
E)  fornix C

Question 3

Initiation of a withdrawal reflex also activates the crossed -extensor reflex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Where in the cerebral cortex does the awareness of limb positions and muscle tension occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  parietal lobe 
B)  frontal lobe 
C)  temporal lobe 
D)  occipital lobe 
E)  corpus callosum 
A)  parietal lobe 
B)  frontal lobe 
C)  temporal lobe 
D)  occipital lobe 
E)  corpus callosum

Question 5

In response to stepping on a nail, the crossed -extensor reflex causes

Accepted Answer

A)  flexion of the leg opposite the side of receptor activation. 
B)  extension of the leg opposite the side of receptor activation. 
C)  extension of the arm on the side of receptor activation. 
D)  extension of the leg on the side of receptor activation. 
E)  flexion of the leg on the side of receptor activation. 
A)  flexion of the leg opposite the side of receptor activation. 
B)  extension of the leg opposite the side of receptor activation. 
C)  extension of the arm on the side of receptor activation. 
D)  extension of the leg on the side of receptor activation. 
E)  flexion of the leg on the side of receptor activation.

Question 6

What area of the brain controls language comprehension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wernicke's area 
B)  limbic system 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  Broca's area 
E)  amygdala 
A)  Wernicke's area 
B)  limbic system 
C)  hypothalamus 
D)  Broca's area 
E)  amygdala

Question 7

What type of glucose transporter is located in the endothelial cells of the blood -brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  cotransporter with sodium 
B)  GLUT -1 
C)  GLUT -4 
D)  GLUT -2 
E)  countertransporter with sodium 
A)  cotransporter with sodium 
B)  GLUT -1 
C)  GLUT -4 
D)  GLUT -2 
E)  countertransporter with sodium

Question 8

Strokes can be classified as either occlusive or hemorrhagic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Where in the cerebral cortex do thoughts occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  parietal lobe 
B)  frontal lobe 
C)  temporal lobe 
D)  occipital lobe 
E)  corpus callosum 
A)  parietal lobe 
B)  frontal lobe 
C)  temporal lobe 
D)  occipital lobe 
E)  corpus callosum

Question 10

What type of glial cell is a phagocyte?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cell 
B)  ependymal cell 
C)  microglia 
D)  astrocyte 
E)  oligodendrocyte 
A)  Schwann cell 
B)  ependymal cell 
C)  microglia 
D)  astrocyte 
E)  oligodendrocyte

Question 11

The development of the cerebral cortex is what appears to set humans apart from other species. Identify the structures and general functions of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

The cerebral cortex is the outer layer o

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  illogical and bizarre thoughts 
B)  loss of postural muscle tone 
C)  decreased limbic system activity 
D)  increased parasympathetic activity 
E)  increased brain activity 
A)  illogical and bizarre thoughts 
B)  loss of postural muscle tone 
C)  decreased limbic system activity 
D)  increased parasympathetic activity 
E)  increased brain activity

Question 13

As the night progresses, we spend more time in rapid eye movement sleep.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

An ascending or descending pathway that is located on the same side of the central nervous system integration center is called

Accepted Answer

A)  contralateral. 
B)  longitudinal. 
C)  ipsilateral. 
D)  commissural. 
E)  lateralized. 
A)  contralateral. 
B)  longitudinal. 
C)  ipsilateral. 
D)  commissural. 
E)  lateralized.

Question 15

Which of the following degrades certain neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  microglia 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  astrocyte 
D)  ependymal cell 
E)  oligodendrocyte 
A)  microglia 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  astrocyte 
D)  ependymal cell 
E)  oligodendrocyte

Question 16

Which of the following provides support for development of the blood -brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  microglia 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  astrocyte 
D)  ependymal cell 
E)  oligodendrocyte 
A)  microglia 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  astrocyte 
D)  ependymal cell 
E)  oligodendrocyte

Question 17

If a bilingual person has a stroke in the language centers of the brain, which statement best describes the likely outcome of recovering one of the languages?

Accepted Answer

A)  The most recently learned language will suffer the greatest deficit. 
B)  The most recently learned language will suffer the greatest unless both languages were learned at about the same time in which case both languages will be equally affected. 
C)  The most recently learned language will not be affected. 
D)  If both languages were learned at about the same time, then the two languages will be equally affected. 
E)  The person is most likely to speak both languages within the same sentence. 
A)  The most recently learned language will suffer the greatest deficit. 
B)  The most recently learned language will suffer the greatest unless both languages were learned at about the same time in which case both languages will be equally affected. 
C)  The most recently learned language will not be affected. 
D)  If both languages were learned at about the same time, then the two languages will be equally affected. 
E)  The person is most likely to speak both languages within the same sentence.

Question 18

Which of the following protects the soft tissues of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 
B)  the meninges 
C)  the cranium 
D)  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the cranium 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the meninges, and the cranium 
A)  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 
B)  the meninges 
C)  the cranium 
D)  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the cranium 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the meninges, and the cranium

Question 19

All that we learn is put into memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Physicians administer drugs or do spinal taps in the lumbar region of the spine. Which statement best describes why the lumbar region of the spine is used for such procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is where the dorsal and ventral roots are located and drugs administered to the roots are more effective. 
B)  Patients are less sensitive in this area of the back. 
C)  It is due to the anatomical feature known as the cauda equina (Latin "horse tail"), meaning the spinal cord spreads out into individual nerves and the physician is less likely to harm the spinal cord. 
D)  It is due to the anatomical feature of projection fibers that connect the spinal cord with the brain so the drugs will make it to the brain. 
E)  It is because of gravity; the CFS has more pressure in the lumbar region of the spine. 
A)  This is where the dorsal and ventral roots are located and drugs administered to the roots are more effective. 
B)  Patients are less sensitive in this area of the back. 
C)  It is due to the anatomical feature known as the cauda equina (Latin "horse tail"), meaning the spinal cord spreads out into individual nerves and the physician is less likely to harm the spinal cord. 
D)  It is due to the anatomical feature of projection fibers that connect the spinal cord with the brain so the drugs will make it to the brain. 
E)  It is because of gravity; the CFS has more pressure in the lumbar region of the spine.

Exam 9: The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

What are the fibers that connect the cortical regions on one side of the brain with the corresponding cortical region on the other side of the brain?

What endocrine gland is attached to the hypothalamus and involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms?

Initiation of a withdrawal reflex also activates the crossed -extensor reflex.

Where in the cerebral cortex does the awareness of limb positions and muscle tension occur?

In response to stepping on a nail, the crossed -extensor reflex causes

What area of the brain controls language comprehension?

What type of glucose transporter is located in the endothelial cells of the blood -brain barrier?

Strokes can be classified as either occlusive or hemorrhagic.

Where in the cerebral cortex do thoughts occur?

What type of glial cell is a phagocyte?

The development of the cerebral cortex is what appears to set humans apart from other species. Identify the structures and general functions of the cortex.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep?

As the night progresses, we spend more time in rapid eye movement sleep.

An ascending or descending pathway that is located on the same side of the central nervous system integration center is called

Which of the following degrades certain neurotransmitters?

Which of the following provides support for development of the blood -brain barrier?

If a bilingual person has a stroke in the language centers of the brain, which statement best describes the likely outcome of recovering one of the languages?

Which of the following protects the soft tissues of the brain?

All that we learn is put into memory.

Physicians administer drugs or do spinal taps in the lumbar region of the spine. Which statement best describes why the lumbar region of the spine is used for such procedures?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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