Question 1

Which statement best describes why the brain requires an uninterrupted supply of blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  The CNS has a limited ability to produce energy anaerobically. 
B)  The CNS has very little glycogen to convert to glucose. 
C)  The CNS has very little glycogen to convert to glucose and has limited ability to produce energy anaerobically. 
D)  The CNS does not have access to fatty acids for energy, which increases their demand for glucose. 
E)  The CNS has limited glycogen to convert to glucose, it does not have access to fatty acids for energy, and it has limited ability to produce energy anaerobically. 
A)  The CNS has a limited ability to produce energy anaerobically. 
B)  The CNS has very little glycogen to convert to glucose. 
C)  The CNS has very little glycogen to convert to glucose and has limited ability to produce energy anaerobically. 
D)  The CNS does not have access to fatty acids for energy, which increases their demand for glucose. 
E)  The CNS has limited glycogen to convert to glucose, it does not have access to fatty acids for energy, and it has limited ability to produce energy anaerobically.

Question 2

A stroke is also known as a cerebrovascular accident, or CVA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

How is a reflex that involves signals sent along autonomic sensory nerves classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  visceral 
B)  spinal 
C)  cranial 
D)  somatic 
E)  innate 
A)  visceral 
B)  spinal 
C)  cranial 
D)  somatic 
E)  innate

Question 4

An epileptic patient has undergone a complete corpus callosotomy, a surgical procedure that results in the complete disconnection of the corpus callosum. Which statement best describes the behaviors you would observe in this type of patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  This area of the brain controls higher -order thinking therefore the patient will have no interest in solving problems. 
B)  This area of the brain determines personality therefore the patient will undergo changes in personality, usually becoming more aggressive. 
C)  Since communication between the hemispheres has been disconnected, the patient will be unable to speak; you must have both sides of the brain working in order to form words. 
D)  This area of the brain controls the ability to see things in three dimensions; it is likely this patient will always be running into items. 
E)  Since communication between the hemispheres has been disconnected, the patient cannot name what the right side of the brain is seeing. 
A)  This area of the brain controls higher -order thinking therefore the patient will have no interest in solving problems. 
B)  This area of the brain determines personality therefore the patient will undergo changes in personality, usually becoming more aggressive. 
C)  Since communication between the hemispheres has been disconnected, the patient will be unable to speak; you must have both sides of the brain working in order to form words. 
D)  This area of the brain controls the ability to see things in three dimensions; it is likely this patient will always be running into items. 
E)  Since communication between the hemispheres has been disconnected, the patient cannot name what the right side of the brain is seeing.

Question 5

Threading a needle or a fishing hook would involve which of the following tracts?

Accepted Answer

A)  spinocerebellar 
B)  vestibulospinal 
C)  tectospinal 
D)  reticulospinal 
E)  pyramidal 
A)  spinocerebellar 
B)  vestibulospinal 
C)  tectospinal 
D)  reticulospinal 
E)  pyramidal

Question 6

You're interviewing a patient who has recently had a stroke. You ask him to state his name and house address. He has no response. You write down your question and have him read it. His reply is "yesterday morrow soon." What type of aphasia is your patient displaying?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wernicke's 
B)  global 
C)  isolation 
D)  anomic 
E)  Broca's 
A)  Wernicke's 
B)  global 
C)  isolation 
D)  anomic 
E)  Broca's

Question 7

Which cranial nerve controls the muscles for chewing?

Accepted Answer

A)  oculomotor 
B)  trochlear 
C)  trigeminal 
D)  abducens 
E)  glossopharyngeal 
A)  oculomotor 
B)  trochlear 
C)  trigeminal 
D)  abducens 
E)  glossopharyngeal

Question 8

Which area of the brain provides feedback control of voluntary movement by comparing accomplished movement to planned movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  basal nuclei 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  thalamus 
D)  corpus callosum 
E)  cerebellum 
A)  basal nuclei 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  thalamus 
D)  corpus callosum 
E)  cerebellum

Question 9

Which of the following is the only glial cell located in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  microglia 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  astrocyte 
D)  ependymal cell 
E)  oligodendrocyte 
A)  microglia 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  astrocyte 
D)  ependymal cell 
E)  oligodendrocyte

Question 10

How is a reflex that requires communication with the brain classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  visceral 
B)  spinal 
C)  cranial 
D)  somatic 
E)  innate 
A)  visceral 
B)  spinal 
C)  cranial 
D)  somatic 
E)  innate

Question 11

The increased influx of calcium at a postsynaptic terminal with glutamate receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  activates the AMPA receptor to increase sodium influx. 
B)  activates a protein kinase that phosphorylates the NMDA receptor, making it more sensitive to glutamate. 
C)  activates a protein kinase that phosphorylates the AMPA receptor, making it more sensitive to glutamate. 
D)  activates the NMDA receptor to increase calcium influx. 
E)  causes a greater release of neurotransmitter from the postsynaptic cell. 
A)  activates the AMPA receptor to increase sodium influx. 
B)  activates a protein kinase that phosphorylates the NMDA receptor, making it more sensitive to glutamate. 
C)  activates a protein kinase that phosphorylates the AMPA receptor, making it more sensitive to glutamate. 
D)  activates the NMDA receptor to increase calcium influx. 
E)  causes a greater release of neurotransmitter from the postsynaptic cell.

Question 12

Brain lateralization is absolute.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

You go to the library to study for an exam only to find that parts of the library are being remodeled, creating many distracting noises. However, you decide to stay and complete your studies at the library because you have recently learned about ______ , or a decrease in response to a repeated Stimulus, such as the noises coming from the remodeling process.

Accepted Answer

A)  consolidation 
B)  sensitization 
C)  habituation 
D)  declaration 
E)  plasticity 
A)  consolidation 
B)  sensitization 
C)  habituation 
D)  declaration 
E)  plasticity

Question 14

Motor neurons are exclusively excitatory, which means that activity of those motor neurons cannot be modulated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A new mother is visiting the pediatrician because her baby is sleeping up to 17 hours a day. She jokes with the doctor that her husband, who is quite older than she, sleeps only 5 hours a day and seems fully rested. Which of the following would be the most likely response from the physician?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The normal sleep cycle is 8 hours. We need to hospitalize your baby for observation." 
B)  "Your baby is fine. It is normal for babies to sleep up to 17 hours a day. By the way, it is also normal for older adults to need less sleep as they age." 
C)  "Your baby is sleeping too much, but since your husband is up, have him play with the baby." 
D)  "Your baby is fine. It is normal for babies to sleep up to 17 hours a day. However, you probably need to send your husband to a doctor since a person needs to sleep at least 8 hours a day." 
E)  "I will refer you to a sleep center as both your baby and husband need to be evaluated for sleep disorders." 
A)  "The normal sleep cycle is 8 hours. We need to hospitalize your baby for observation." 
B)  "Your baby is fine. It is normal for babies to sleep up to 17 hours a day. By the way, it is also normal for older adults to need less sleep as they age." 
C)  "Your baby is sleeping too much, but since your husband is up, have him play with the baby." 
D)  "Your baby is fine. It is normal for babies to sleep up to 17 hours a day. However, you probably need to send your husband to a doctor since a person needs to sleep at least 8 hours a day." 
E)  "I will refer you to a sleep center as both your baby and husband need to be evaluated for sleep disorders."

Question 16

Researchers have developed a "bionic arm." This technology is possible primarily because of two facts of amputation. First, the motor cortex still sends out control signals even if certain voluntary muscles are no longer there to innervate. Second, when doctors amputate a limb, they do not remove all the nerves that once carried signals to the muscles in that limb. If those nerve endings can be redirected to a working muscle group, and the person thinks "grab the handle and turn," then the brain will send out corresponding signals to the nerves and communicate with the new limb. Based on your knowledge of voluntary motor tasks, explain how this technology is possible.

Accepted Answer

There are four main steps involved in th

Question 17

The majority of cells in the nervous system are glial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The withdrawal reflex is initiated by activation of what type of receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  taste receptor 
B)  photoreceptor 
C)  nociceptor 
D)  warm receptor 
E)  muscle spindle stretch receptor 
A)  taste receptor 
B)  photoreceptor 
C)  nociceptor 
D)  warm receptor 
E)  muscle spindle stretch receptor

Question 19

How is a reflex that requires only a single synapse between two neurons classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  polyneuronal 
B)  polysynaptic 
C)  monosynaptic 
D)  bineuronal 
E)  bisynaptic 
A)  polyneuronal 
B)  polysynaptic 
C)  monosynaptic 
D)  bineuronal 
E)  bisynaptic

Question 20

Which of the following forms myelin in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  microglia 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  astrocyte 
D)  ependymal cell 
E)  oligodendrocyte 
A)  microglia 
B)  Schwann cell 
C)  astrocyte 
D)  ependymal cell 
E)  oligodendrocyte

Exam 9: The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

Which statement best describes why the brain requires an uninterrupted supply of blood?

A stroke is also known as a cerebrovascular accident, or CVA.

How is a reflex that involves signals sent along autonomic sensory nerves classified?

An epileptic patient has undergone a complete corpus callosotomy, a surgical procedure that results in the complete disconnection of the corpus callosum. Which statement best describes the behaviors you would observe in this type of patient?

Threading a needle or a fishing hook would involve which of the following tracts?

You're interviewing a patient who has recently had a stroke. You ask him to state his name and house address. He has no response. You write down your question and have him read it. His reply is "yesterday morrow soon." What type of aphasia is your patient displaying?

Which cranial nerve controls the muscles for chewing?

Which area of the brain provides feedback control of voluntary movement by comparing accomplished movement to planned movement?

Which of the following is the only glial cell located in the peripheral nervous system?

How is a reflex that requires communication with the brain classified?

The increased influx of calcium at a postsynaptic terminal with glutamate receptors

Brain lateralization is absolute.

Motor neurons are exclusively excitatory, which means that activity of those motor neurons cannot be modulated.

A new mother is visiting the pediatrician because her baby is sleeping up to 17 hours a day. She jokes with the doctor that her husband, who is quite older than she, sleeps only 5 hours a day and seems fully rested. Which of the following would be the most likely response from the physician?

The majority of cells in the nervous system are glial cells.

The withdrawal reflex is initiated by activation of what type of receptor?

How is a reflex that requires only a single synapse between two neurons classified?

Which of the following forms myelin in the central nervous system?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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