Question 1

_______must be actively taken up by cholinergic neurons in order to synthesize neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetyl 
B)  Choline 
C)  DOPA 
D)  ATP 
E)  Acetylcholine 
A)  Acetyl 
B)  Choline 
C)  DOPA 
D)  ATP 
E)  Acetylcholine B

Question 2

-In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is cholinergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

Accepted Answer

A)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
B)  acetylcholinesterase 
C)  monoamine oxidase 
D)  choline acetyl transferase 
E)  dopa decarboxylase 
A)  catechol -O -methyltransferase 
B)  acetylcholinesterase 
C)  monoamine oxidase 
D)  choline acetyl transferase 
E)  dopa decarboxylase B

Question 3

An action potential is triggered if the membrane potential at the axon hillock is depolarized to threshold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

-In Figure 8.1, what is the event in Step 1 that is required to start the process that leads to the release of neurotransmitter from an axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of calcium down the axon 
B)  movement of sodium into the neuron and down the axon 
C)  action potential 
D)  migration of newly synthesized neurotransmitter from the soma 
E)  generator potential from the axon hillock 
A)  movement of calcium down the axon 
B)  movement of sodium into the neuron and down the axon 
C)  action potential 
D)  migration of newly synthesized neurotransmitter from the soma 
E)  generator potential from the axon hillock

Question 5

All of the following receptor sub -types are ionotropic, EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  AMPA glutamatergic. 
B)  GABAA 
C)  nicotinic cholinergic. 
D)  muscarinic cholinergic. 
E)  kainate glutamatergic. 
A)  AMPA glutamatergic. 
B)  GABAA 
C)  nicotinic cholinergic. 
D)  muscarinic cholinergic. 
E)  kainate glutamatergic.

Question 6

The similarity in structure between glutamate and GABA are indicative of the similarity in their function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the type of receptor present on the axon terminal that responds to the release of neurotransmitter from that same axon terminal?

Accepted Answer

A)  autoreceptor 
B)  reuptake receptor 
C)  paracrine receptor 
D)  nociceptor 
E)  short loop receptor 
A)  autoreceptor 
B)  reuptake receptor 
C)  paracrine receptor 
D)  nociceptor 
E)  short loop receptor

Question 8

The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  fusion of vesicles to the membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter 
B)  diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the membrane and into the cleft 
C)  termination of an action potential 
D)  movement of calcium through gap junctions 
E)  initiation of an action potential 
A)  fusion of vesicles to the membrane and of exocytosis neurotransmitter 
B)  diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the membrane and into the cleft 
C)  termination of an action potential 
D)  movement of calcium through gap junctions 
E)  initiation of an action potential

Question 9

A neuron has no active transport systems for chloride ions. Opening of chloride channels in response to a neurotransmitter binding to receptors on this neuron will produce (an IPSP / membrane stabilization) thereby inhibiting the neuron.

Accepted Answer

membrane s

Question 10

Histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophan all go on to become what class of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropeptides 
B)  catecholamines 
C)  biogenic amines 
D)  amino acid transmitters 
E)  purines 
A)  neuropeptides 
B)  catecholamines 
C)  biogenic amines 
D)  amino acid transmitters 
E)  purines

Question 11

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at inhibitory synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  glycine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  substance P 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  glycine 
D)  aspartate 
E)  substance P

Question 12

What is transported back into the axon terminal of cholinergic neurons to be resynthesized into active neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl CoA 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  acetate 
D)  choline 
E)  epinephrine 
A)  acetyl CoA 
B)  acetylcholine 
C)  acetate 
D)  choline 
E)  epinephrine

Question 13

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels for an anion with an equilibrium potential of -80 mV open?

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane stabilization 
B)  hyperpolarization 
C)  repolarization 
D)  depolarization 
E)  returns to -70 mV 
A)  membrane stabilization 
B)  hyperpolarization 
C)  repolarization 
D)  depolarization 
E)  returns to -70 mV

Question 14

What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  aspartate 
C)  glutamate 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  glycine 
A)  GABA 
B)  aspartate 
C)  glutamate 
D)  acetylcholine 
E)  glycine

Question 15

Once an action potential reaches the axon terminal, that depolarization stimulates the release of neurotransmitters that can be modulated by other neurons that synapse with the axon terminal. Describe how neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal and how that response is altered by axoaxonic synapses.

Accepted Answer

Axoaxonic synapses describe a structure

Question 16

Catecholamines are an important class of neurotransmitter. Describe the receptors involved in responding to catecholamines and how they are degraded.

Accepted Answer

Catecholamines are synthesized within th

Question 17

Once the neurotransmitter that has activated a slow receptor has been cleared from the synapse, the change in membrane potential (will immediately dissipate / can last a while before dissipating).

Accepted Answer

can last a

Question 18

Which of the following statements about electrical synapses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gap junctions are formed from proteins called connexins. 
B)  Electrical synapses are found in the brainstem. 
C)  Electrical synapses are found in the retina. 
D)  Electrical synapses are usually for small -response, single neuron firing. 
E)  Electrical synapses connect hypothalamic neurons that release tropic hormones. 
A)  Gap junctions are formed from proteins called connexins. 
B)  Electrical synapses are found in the brainstem. 
C)  Electrical synapses are found in the retina. 
D)  Electrical synapses are usually for small -response, single neuron firing. 
E)  Electrical synapses connect hypothalamic neurons that release tropic hormones.

Question 19

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when sodium leak channels close?

Accepted Answer

A)  returns to -70 mV 
B)  membrane stabilization 
C)  hyperpolarization 
D)  repolarization 
E)  depolarization 
A)  returns to -70 mV 
B)  membrane stabilization 
C)  hyperpolarization 
D)  repolarization 
E)  depolarization

Question 20

Which of the following is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates the sleep -wake cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  substance P 
B)  vasopressin 
C)  melatonin 
D)  oxytocin 
E)  orexin 
A)  substance P 
B)  vasopressin 
C)  melatonin 
D)  oxytocin 
E)  orexin

Exam 8: Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

_______must be actively taken up by cholinergic neurons in order to synthesize neurotransmitter.

-In Figure 8.1, if the presynaptic neuron is cholinergic, what is the structure in Step 6?

An action potential is triggered if the membrane potential at the axon hillock is depolarized to threshold.

-In Figure 8.1, what is the event in Step 1 that is required to start the process that leads to the release of neurotransmitter from an axon terminal?

All of the following receptor sub -types are ionotropic, EXCEPT

The similarity in structure between glutamate and GABA are indicative of the similarity in their function.

What is the type of receptor present on the axon terminal that responds to the release of neurotransmitter from that same axon terminal?

The influx of calcium into the axon terminal of a chemical synapse is responsible for which of the following?

A neuron has no active transport systems for chloride ions. Opening of chloride channels in response to a neurotransmitter binding to receptors on this neuron will produce (an IPSP / membrane stabilization) thereby inhibiting the neuron.

Histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophan all go on to become what class of neurotransmitters?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an amino acid neurotransmitter released at inhibitory synapses?

What is transported back into the axon terminal of cholinergic neurons to be resynthesized into active neurotransmitter?

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when channels for an anion with an equilibrium potential of -80 mV open?

What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

Catecholamines are an important class of neurotransmitter. Describe the receptors involved in responding to catecholamines and how they are degraded.

Once the neurotransmitter that has activated a slow receptor has been cleared from the synapse, the change in membrane potential (will immediately dissipate / can last a while before dissipating).

Which of the following statements about electrical synapses is FALSE?

What happens to the resting membrane potential of -70 mV when sodium leak channels close?

Which of the following is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates the sleep -wake cycle?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

Filters