Question 1

Which of the following is/are associated with the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchi 
B)  esophagus 
C)  adrenal cortex 
D)  blood vessels 
E)  brain 
A)  bronchi 
B)  esophagus 
C)  adrenal cortex 
D)  blood vessels 
E)  brain

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

A)  During a blood clot, platelets release ADP, which stimulates platelet aggregation, causing platelets to release more ADP. 
B)  During an infection, the body temperature set point is increased. The hypothalamus communicates to skeletal muscles to shiver and to blood vessels to decrease blood flow to the skin, causing a rise in body temperature. 
C)  Consumption of caffeine increases urine output, causing dehydration. 
D)  At the time of birth, uterine contractions push the baby toward the cervix. Receptors in the cervix detect the pressure caused by the baby and cause the release of a hormone called oxytocin. This hormone stimulates stronger uterine contractions, which push more on the baby, causing an increase in pressure and another increase in oxytocin. The cycle continues until the baby is delivered from the mother. 
E)  If blood pressure increases above normal, baroreceptors in major arteries detect the change and send signals to the brain. Certain areas of the brain then send signals to the nerves that control the heart and blood vessels to make the heart beat slower and the blood vessels increase in diameter, which in turn reduce the blood pressure. 
A)  During a blood clot, platelets release ADP, which stimulates platelet aggregation, causing platelets to release more ADP. 
B)  During an infection, the body temperature set point is increased. The hypothalamus communicates to skeletal muscles to shiver and to blood vessels to decrease blood flow to the skin, causing a rise in body temperature. 
C)  Consumption of caffeine increases urine output, causing dehydration. 
D)  At the time of birth, uterine contractions push the baby toward the cervix. Receptors in the cervix detect the pressure caused by the baby and cause the release of a hormone called oxytocin. This hormone stimulates stronger uterine contractions, which push more on the baby, causing an increase in pressure and another increase in oxytocin. The cycle continues until the baby is delivered from the mother. 
E)  If blood pressure increases above normal, baroreceptors in major arteries detect the change and send signals to the brain. Certain areas of the brain then send signals to the nerves that control the heart and blood vessels to make the heart beat slower and the blood vessels increase in diameter, which in turn reduce the blood pressure.

Question 3

The fluid compartment with a high sodium concentration that contains only trace amounts of protein is called

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma. 
B)  intracellular and extracellular fluids. 
C)  extracellular fluid. 
D)  interstitial fluid. 
E)  intracellular fluid. 
A)  plasma. 
B)  intracellular and extracellular fluids. 
C)  extracellular fluid. 
D)  interstitial fluid. 
E)  intracellular fluid.

Question 4

Blood glucose is a regulated variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The fluid compartment with a high sodium and protein concentration is called

Accepted Answer

A)  extracellular fluid. 
B)  interstitial fluid. 
C)  intracellular fluid. 
D)  intracellular and extracellular fluids. 
E)  plasma. 
A)  extracellular fluid. 
B)  interstitial fluid. 
C)  intracellular fluid. 
D)  intracellular and extracellular fluids. 
E)  plasma.

Question 6

The specific structures that attach bone to bone are called

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth muscle. 
B)  sheathing. 
C)  ligaments. 
D)  tendons. 
E)  skeletal muscle. 
A)  smooth muscle. 
B)  sheathing. 
C)  ligaments. 
D)  tendons. 
E)  skeletal muscle.

Question 7

The smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions are called

Accepted Answer

A)  organelles. 
B)  organ systems. 
C)  organs. 
D)  tissues. 
E)  cells. 
A)  organelles. 
B)  organ systems. 
C)  organs. 
D)  tissues. 
E)  cells.

Question 8

If you were to take the temperature of everyone in class, assuming no one is sick, you would find that not everyone has a temperature of 98.6°F. Which statement below best explains your findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most regulated variables, such as temperature, fluctuate continuously and oscillate about the set point due to negative feedback control. 
B)  The measuring instrument is not working properly; everyone has a set point of 98.6°F. 
C)  If the subject is not at 98.6°F then he or she is in a disease state 
D)  Their temperature is no doubt higher than 98.6°F because a positive feedback loop has increased the subjects' metabolism. 
E)  An error signal has occurred and a positive feedback response has put the persons in question out of the normal range of function. 
A)  Most regulated variables, such as temperature, fluctuate continuously and oscillate about the set point due to negative feedback control. 
B)  The measuring instrument is not working properly; everyone has a set point of 98.6°F. 
C)  If the subject is not at 98.6°F then he or she is in a disease state 
D)  Their temperature is no doubt higher than 98.6°F because a positive feedback loop has increased the subjects' metabolism. 
E)  An error signal has occurred and a positive feedback response has put the persons in question out of the normal range of function.

Question 9

The maintenance of a stable internal environment compatible for life is called

Accepted Answer

A)  anatomy. 
B)  biochemistry. 
C)  physiology. 
D)  homeostasis. 
E)  microbiology. 
A)  anatomy. 
B)  biochemistry. 
C)  physiology. 
D)  homeostasis. 
E)  microbiology.

Question 10

All forms of diabetes involve a decrease in plasma levels of insulin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The process whereby fluid from the bloodstream enters the tubules of the kidneys is called

Accepted Answer

A)  excretion. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  secretion. 
D)  absorption. 
E)  filtration. 
A)  excretion. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  secretion. 
D)  absorption. 
E)  filtration.

Question 12

Which of the following people would be more prone to develop diabetes mellitus type II?

Accepted Answer

A)  an obese Hispanic child 
B)  an obese white adult 
C)  an obese Hispanic adult 
D)  a thin, malnourished, African American child 
E)  a thin white adult 
A)  an obese Hispanic child 
B)  an obese white adult 
C)  an obese Hispanic adult 
D)  a thin, malnourished, African American child 
E)  a thin white adult

Question 13

Which of the following is/are associated with the gastrointestinal system?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels 
B)  brain 
C)  adrenal gland 
D)  esophagus 
E)  bronchi 
A)  blood vessels 
B)  brain 
C)  adrenal gland 
D)  esophagus 
E)  bronchi

Question 14

The most abundant substance in the body is carbon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which tissue below contracts to generate force?

Accepted Answer

A)  epithelial tissue 
B)  connective tissue 
C)  nervous tissue 
D)  muscle tissue 
E)  reticular tissue 
A)  epithelial tissue 
B)  connective tissue 
C)  nervous tissue 
D)  muscle tissue 
E)  reticular tissue

Question 16

Which of the following best describes intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  rich in proteins and potassium 
B)  rich in proteins and chloride 
C)  rich in sodium and chloride 
D)  rich in sodium, potassium, and chloride 
E)  rich in potassium and chloride 
A)  rich in proteins and potassium 
B)  rich in proteins and chloride 
C)  rich in sodium and chloride 
D)  rich in sodium, potassium, and chloride 
E)  rich in potassium and chloride

Question 17

Where is most of our total body water located?

Accepted Answer

A)  in blood 
B)  surrounding the cells 
C)  inside cells 
D)  in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract 
E)  in the lumen of the kidneys 
A)  in blood 
B)  surrounding the cells 
C)  inside cells 
D)  in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract 
E)  in the lumen of the kidneys

Question 18

What is a general name for the noncellular material that holds the widely scattered cells of connective tissue together?

Accepted Answer

A)  extracellular matrix 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  collagen 
D)  intracellular matrix 
E)  elastin 
A)  extracellular matrix 
B)  basement membrane 
C)  collagen 
D)  intracellular matrix 
E)  elastin

Question 19

People with a body mass index (BMI) less than 25 are most prone to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Cells that carry oxygen in the bloodstream are called

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes. 
B)  erythrocytes. 
C)  lymphocytes. 
D)  karyocytes. 
E)  hemoglobin. 
A)  leukocytes. 
B)  erythrocytes. 
C)  lymphocytes. 
D)  karyocytes. 
E)  hemoglobin.

Exam 1: Introduction to Physiology

Which of the following is/are associated with the nervous system?

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

The fluid compartment with a high sodium concentration that contains only trace amounts of protein is called

Blood glucose is a regulated variable.

The fluid compartment with a high sodium and protein concentration is called

The specific structures that attach bone to bone are called

The smallest living units capable of carrying out their own basic life functions are called

If you were to take the temperature of everyone in class, assuming no one is sick, you would find that not everyone has a temperature of 98.6°F. Which statement below best explains your findings?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment compatible for life is called

All forms of diabetes involve a decrease in plasma levels of insulin.

The process whereby fluid from the bloodstream enters the tubules of the kidneys is called

Which of the following people would be more prone to develop diabetes mellitus type II?

Which of the following is/are associated with the gastrointestinal system?

The most abundant substance in the body is carbon.

Which tissue below contracts to generate force?

Which of the following best describes intracellular fluid?

Where is most of our total body water located?

What is a general name for the noncellular material that holds the widely scattered cells of connective tissue together?

People with a body mass index (BMI) less than 25 are most prone to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cells that carry oxygen in the bloodstream are called

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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