Exam 3: Social Cognition: Understanding Ourselves and Others

After failing a test for the first time,Marla compares herself to her little brother,who failed four tests in one semester.Marla feels better about herself after making this comparison.This is an example of

Self-fulfilling prophecies have been observed in the laboratory but not in the real world.

Noah is asked if there are more poodles or dalmatians in America.He can quickly think of more examples of poodles than dalmatians because there are lots of poodles in his neighborhood,but not many dalmatians.He estimates that there are more poodles.Noah has most likely used

Which of the following statements is true about human expectations?

Imagine that you participate in an experiment in which you are shown an essay supporting legalized abortion.The experimenter tells you that the essay was written by a student who was forced to write an essay that supports abortion.According to the results of similar studies,you would be likely to conclude that the author of the essay was

People with high ________ are more likely to use cognitive simplification strategies.

We are LESS likely to use cognitive shortcuts when thinking about other people if

Two goals of social cognition seem to be in opposition to each other.In what situations do people seek to conserve mental effort? Under what circumstances do they seek accuracy? What features within the person encourage people toward one goal versus the other?

As an example of the self-serving bias,researchers who reviewed newspaper articles regarding sports contests found that coaches tended to explain victories in terms of ________ and defeats in terms of ________.

Participants in an experiment judged a woman as unfriendly,even though they were told her unfriendliness was part of her trained role in the experiment.This tendency to overemphasize personal factors and underemphasize situational factors is called

People who have high self-esteem engage in ________,whereas people who have low self-esteem tend to focus on ________.

Which of the following people is most likely to engage in self-esteem-protective cognitive strategies?

Home assignment: Search through newspapers and magazines for "advice" columns in which people ask for help with personal problems or discuss their experiences and insights about life.Collect several examples and conduct an analysis of the kinds of attributions people make when discussing their own behavior and the behavior of others.

A healthy self-concept and self-esteem are benefited when we ________ ability to control important aspects of our lives.

Research has found that morning people

According to ________,people determine whether a behavior corresponds to an actor's internal disposition by asking whether the consequences were foreseeable,and whether the behavior was intended,freely chosen,and occurred despite countervailing forces.

No matter how motivated we are to be accurate,we won't be able to think deeply if

In contrast to individualistic cultures,collectivistic cultures emphasize

Taking personal credit for successes and blaming external forces for our failures is called the

Unexpected events tend to lead people toward more complex thinking.