Exam 3: Social Cognition: Understanding Ourselves and Others

When Richard Nixon was elected to the U.S.House of Representatives,he attributed his victory to his personal strengths.When defeated by John Kennedy in the 1960 presidential election,however,Nixon's explanations focused on external reasons like the pro-Kennedy bias of the media.This is an example of

One way to reduce the errors caused by the anchoring and adjustment heuristic and other shortcuts is to

A cross-cultural examination of the fundamental attribution error suggests that the fundamental attribution error

Karina is going to negotiate with a lawyer who has a reputation for being aggressive and hostile.To prevent herself from being taken advantage of,Karina enters the negotiation with a hard position and cold interpersonal style.As a natural response to Karina's behavior,the other lawyer is aggressive and hostile in the negotiation.This process is an example of

When postoperative hospital patients are given responsibility for giving themselves pain-killing drugs,

According to the false consensus effect,we judge others' opinions

Which of the following people is most likely to make self-serving attributions?

What is a benefit of engaging in upward social comparison?

According to fundamental attribution error,not only do we have a tendency to see others' behavior as arising from their personality,but this tendency sometimes leads us to underappreciate the role of situational influences.Why?

Downward social comparison is a

Expectancy confirmation is discussed in the text as most closely linked to the goal of

All of the following are core processes of social cognition EXCEPT

Define self-fulfilling prophecy and provide your own example of one.

Imagine that you are listening to a speech and you need to evaluate the speaker's "true" attitudes toward some issues.In which of the following cases would you be LESS likely to take into account the circumstances under which the speaker is giving the speech,for example,whether he had a choice on which side to take?

Let's say that people overestimate the risks of getting HIV/AIDS and underestimate the risks of getting skin cancer.Given what we know about the availability heuristic,this is likely due to the fact that

The fundamental attribution error may occur because humans ________ the impact of the situation because ________.

According to the ________ principle,our confidence in a particular cause for an event decreases if ________.

Describe the four cognitive shortcuts people use to simplify their processing of social information.Name and describe three personal and/or situational factors that increase the likelihood that people use these cognitive shortcuts.

Who is most likely to enhance and protect his/her personal self-esteem?

Your text notes that mildly depressed students are more likely to