Question 1

A neurotransmitter is released at a synapse. Which of the following occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis. 
C)  An action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  Neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft. 
E)  Neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis. 
C)  An action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  Neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft. 
E)  Neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 2

The same neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic cell but produces a variety of different effects. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The postsynaptic cell is expressing different types of receptors for the same neurotransmitter. 
B)  The strength of the neurotransmitter varies. 
C)  The amount of neurotransmitter released produces varying effects. 
D)  The size of the postsynaptic cell makes a difference in neurotransmitter effects. 
E)  The neuron must be dying. 
A)  The postsynaptic cell is expressing different types of receptors for the same neurotransmitter. 
B)  The strength of the neurotransmitter varies. 
C)  The amount of neurotransmitter released produces varying effects. 
D)  The size of the postsynaptic cell makes a difference in neurotransmitter effects. 
E)  The neuron must be dying.

Question 3

The motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system

Accepted Answer

A)  is a division of the CNS. 
B)  detects presence of food in the stomach. 
C)  transmits impulses from the CNS to effectors, such as skeletal muscle. 
D)  has nerve cell bodies located in ganglia near the spinal cord and brain. 
E)  detects a stimulus. 
A)  is a division of the CNS. 
B)  detects presence of food in the stomach. 
C)  transmits impulses from the CNS to effectors, such as skeletal muscle. 
D)  has nerve cell bodies located in ganglia near the spinal cord and brain. 
E)  detects a stimulus.

Question 4

Which of the following events will lead to depolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in K+ in the extracellular fluid 
B)  A decrease in K+ in the extracellular fluid 
C)  An increase in the rate of diffusion of K+ from cells 
D)  An increase in Na+ in the extracellular fluid 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  An increase in K+ in the extracellular fluid 
B)  A decrease in K+ in the extracellular fluid 
C)  An increase in the rate of diffusion of K+ from cells 
D)  An increase in Na+ in the extracellular fluid 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cells form myelin; oligodendrocytes do not. 
B)  Oligodendrocytes are only found in the PNS; Schwann cells are only found in the CNS. 
C)  Schwann cells form sheaths around several axons, while oligodendrocytes form sheaths around only one axon. 
D)  Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  Schwann cells form myelin; oligodendrocytes do not. 
B)  Oligodendrocytes are only found in the PNS; Schwann cells are only found in the CNS. 
C)  Schwann cells form sheaths around several axons, while oligodendrocytes form sheaths around only one axon. 
D)  Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a portion of only one axon, while oligodendrocytes can surround portions of several axons. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 6

Depolarization of the nerve plasma membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ 
B)  Cl− 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  Na+ 
E)  proteins 
A)  K+ 
B)  Cl− 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  Na+ 
E)  proteins

Question 7

-The figure illustrates events at a chemical synapse. What does "A" represent?
A) Postsynaptic membrane
B) Synaptic cleft
C) Synaptic vesicle
D) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel
E) Presynaptic terminal

Accepted Answer

Question 8

Identify the type of synapse that includes a presynaptic cell, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical 
B)  Electrical 
C)  Direct 
D)  Indirect 
E)  Neurotransmitter 
A)  Chemical 
B)  Electrical 
C)  Direct 
D)  Indirect 
E)  Neurotransmitter

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding glial cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glial cells serve as the major supporting tissue in the CNS. 
B)  Glial cells form part of the blood-brain barrier. 
C)  Glial cells produce action potentials for skeletal muscles. 
D)  Glial cells form myelin sheaths around some axons. 
E)  Glial cells produce cerebrospinal fluid. 
A)  Glial cells serve as the major supporting tissue in the CNS. 
B)  Glial cells form part of the blood-brain barrier. 
C)  Glial cells produce action potentials for skeletal muscles. 
D)  Glial cells form myelin sheaths around some axons. 
E)  Glial cells produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 10

A neuron is receiving a stimulus which gets stronger and stronger. The result is

Accepted Answer

A)  amplitude of the action potential increases. 
B)  duration of the action potential increases. 
C)  frequency of occurrence of action potentials increases. 
D)  resonance of action potentials increases. 
E)  height of the action potentials increases. 
A)  amplitude of the action potential increases. 
B)  duration of the action potential increases. 
C)  frequency of occurrence of action potentials increases. 
D)  resonance of action potentials increases. 
E)  height of the action potentials increases.

Question 11

Neurotransmitters

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate presynaptic terminals. 
B)  remain in the synaptic cleft for long periods of time. 
C)  bind irreversibly to the receptor molecules of the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  cause the production of action potentials in the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  do not affect membrane channels in the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  stimulate presynaptic terminals. 
B)  remain in the synaptic cleft for long periods of time. 
C)  bind irreversibly to the receptor molecules of the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  cause the production of action potentials in the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  do not affect membrane channels in the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 12

The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  tripolar 
B)  bipolar 
C)  multipolar 
D)  pseudo-unipolar 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  tripolar 
B)  bipolar 
C)  multipolar 
D)  pseudo-unipolar 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 13

A local anesthetic such as Novocaine decreases membrane permeability to Na+. The use of this anesthetic will

Accepted Answer

A)  block sensory input into the CNS. 
B)  enhance the development of EPSPs. 
C)  cause membrane potential to move closer to threshold. 
D)  cause Cl− to enter cells instead of Na+. 
E)  depolarize the cell. 
A)  block sensory input into the CNS. 
B)  enhance the development of EPSPs. 
C)  cause membrane potential to move closer to threshold. 
D)  cause Cl− to enter cells instead of Na+. 
E)  depolarize the cell.

Question 14

Which type of circuit is associated with complex neuronal processes, such as solving mathematical equations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Converging 
B)  Diverging 
C)  Parallel after-discharge 
D)  Reverberating 
A)  Converging 
B)  Diverging 
C)  Parallel after-discharge 
D)  Reverberating

Question 15

Action potentials at a chemical synapse

Accepted Answer

A)  travel from presynaptic terminal to presynaptic membrane. 
B)  travel from postsynaptic membrane to presynaptic terminal. 
C)  travel back and forth from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  travel from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  stop at the presynaptic terminal and are blocked on the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  travel from presynaptic terminal to presynaptic membrane. 
B)  travel from postsynaptic membrane to presynaptic terminal. 
C)  travel back and forth from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  travel from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  stop at the presynaptic terminal and are blocked on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 16

Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction by prolonging the effects of ________ on blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

A)  substance P 
B)  dopamine 
C)  GABA 
D)  nitric oxide (NO) 
A)  substance P 
B)  dopamine 
C)  GABA 
D)  nitric oxide (NO)

Question 17

Which of the following statements is not true of reverberating circuits?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of action potentials decreases the farther along the circuit due to inhibitor effects of collateral axons. 
B)  The number of action potentials in the circuit are increased due to the positive feedback of neurons synapsing with other neurons that occur earlier in the circuit. 
C)  The effect of reverberating circuits is longer lasting due to the continuous generation of action potentials. 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  The number of action potentials decreases the farther along the circuit due to inhibitor effects of collateral axons. 
B)  The number of action potentials in the circuit are increased due to the positive feedback of neurons synapsing with other neurons that occur earlier in the circuit. 
C)  The effect of reverberating circuits is longer lasting due to the continuous generation of action potentials. 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following events is NOT a characteristic of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plasma membrane becomes highly permeable to Na+ and depolarization results. 
B)  As Na+ enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative. 
C)  At the peak of depolarization, Na+ channels begin to close and K+ channels open. 
D)  In repolarization, K+ flow out of the cell. 
E)  Action potentials occur according to the all-or-none principle. 
A)  The plasma membrane becomes highly permeable to Na+ and depolarization results. 
B)  As Na+ enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative. 
C)  At the peak of depolarization, Na+ channels begin to close and K+ channels open. 
D)  In repolarization, K+ flow out of the cell. 
E)  Action potentials occur according to the all-or-none principle.

Question 19

Nissl bodies are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  part of a dendrite 
B)  also called gemmules 
C)  lipid droplets 
D)  areas of rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  part of the Golgi apparatus 
A)  part of a dendrite 
B)  also called gemmules 
C)  lipid droplets 
D)  areas of rough endoplasmic reticulum 
E)  part of the Golgi apparatus

Question 20

Identify the phases of an action potential. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Afterpotential 
B)  Depolarization 
C)  Hyperpolarization 
D)  Repolarization 
A)  Afterpotential 
B)  Depolarization 
C)  Hyperpolarization 
D)  Repolarization

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

A neurotransmitter is released at a synapse. Which of the following occurs last?

The same neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic cell but produces a variety of different effects. What does this mean?

The motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system

Which of the following events will lead to depolarization?

Schwann cells differ from oligodendrocytes in which of the following ways?

Depolarization of the nerve plasma membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of ________.

-The figure illustrates events at a chemical synapse. What does "A" represent? A) Postsynaptic membrane B) Synaptic cleft C) Synaptic vesicle D) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel E) Presynaptic terminal

Identify the type of synapse that includes a presynaptic cell, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic cell.

Which of the following statements regarding glial cells is false?

A neuron is receiving a stimulus which gets stronger and stronger. The result is

Neurotransmitters

The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are ________.

A local anesthetic such as Novocaine decreases membrane permeability to Na+. The use of this anesthetic will

Which type of circuit is associated with complex neuronal processes, such as solving mathematical equations?

Action potentials at a chemical synapse

Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction by prolonging the effects of ________ on blood vessels.

Which of the following statements is not true of reverberating circuits?

Which of the following events is NOT a characteristic of an action potential?

Nissl bodies are ________.

Identify the phases of an action potential. (Check all that apply.)

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

-The figure illustrates events at a chemical synapse. What does "A" represent? A) Postsynaptic membrane B) Synaptic cleft C) Synaptic vesicle D) Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel E) Presynaptic terminal

A local anesthetic such as Novocaine decreases membrane permeability to Na⁺. The use of this anesthetic will