Question 1

Which of these happens first in a cholinergic synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft. 
B)  A postsynaptic potential is produced. 
C)  Sodium ions enter the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  The synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine. 
E)  Acetylcholine binds to ligand-gated ion channels. 
A)  Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft. 
B)  A postsynaptic potential is produced. 
C)  Sodium ions enter the postsynaptic cell. 
D)  The synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine. 
E)  Acetylcholine binds to ligand-gated ion channels.

Question 2

If the extracellular fluid around a neuron is replaced with an isotonic saline solution that contains K+ and other solutes at concentrations very close to the extracellular fluid concentrations of a normal cell, the result is

Accepted Answer

A)  no resting membrane potential. 
B)  hyperpolarized membrane. 
C)  depolarized membrane. 
D)  a resting membrane potential close to its normal value. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  no resting membrane potential. 
B)  hyperpolarized membrane. 
C)  depolarized membrane. 
D)  a resting membrane potential close to its normal value. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 3

Which of the following descriptions of glial cells is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microglia - provide support for the neuron cell body 
B)  Astrocytes - blood-brain barrier 
C)  Oligodendrocytes - form myelin sheaths 
D)  Ependymal cells - produce cerebrospinal fluid 
E)  Ependymal cells - choroid plexus 
A)  Microglia - provide support for the neuron cell body 
B)  Astrocytes - blood-brain barrier 
C)  Oligodendrocytes - form myelin sheaths 
D)  Ependymal cells - produce cerebrospinal fluid 
E)  Ependymal cells - choroid plexus

Question 4

Which inhibitory neurotransmitter is blocked in strychnine poisoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycine 
B)  Acetylcholine 
C)  Glutamate 
D)  Adenosine 
A)  Glycine 
B)  Acetylcholine 
C)  Glutamate 
D)  Adenosine

Question 5

Match the term with the correct definition.
-Resting membrane potential

Accepted Answer

A) Small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) Charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) Larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) Membrane becomes more positive when Na+ diffuse into cell 
E) Return to the resting membrane potential 
A) Small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) Charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) Larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) Membrane becomes more positive when Na+ diffuse into cell 
E) Return to the resting membrane potential

Question 6

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane.
-Requires ATP

Accepted Answer

A) Concentration of K+ 
B) Concentration of Na+ and Cl− 
C) Negatively charged proteins 
D) Sodium-potassium pump 
E) Plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels 
A) Concentration of K+ 
B) Concentration of Na+ and Cl− 
C) Negatively charged proteins 
D) Sodium-potassium pump 
E) Plasma membrane is more permeable to this ion because of leak ion channels

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of reactive astrocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Injury site is blocked off 
B)  Scars limit regeneration 
C)  Causes the spread of inflammation 
D)  Reduces injury to surrounding tissue 
A)  Injury site is blocked off 
B)  Scars limit regeneration 
C)  Causes the spread of inflammation 
D)  Reduces injury to surrounding tissue

Question 8

The function of acetylcholinesterase is to

Accepted Answer

A)  open voltage-gated Na+ channels. 
B)  break down acetylcholine in the synapse. 
C)  produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  metabolize norepinephrine. 
A)  open voltage-gated Na+ channels. 
B)  break down acetylcholine in the synapse. 
C)  produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  metabolize norepinephrine.

Question 9

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an all-or-none response 
B)  a graded response 
C)  a latent period response 
D)  a relative refractory response 
E)  a local response 
A)  an all-or-none response 
B)  a graded response 
C)  a latent period response 
D)  a relative refractory response 
E)  a local response

Question 10

Sensory neurons carrying action potentials from pain receptors synapse within the spinal cord with interneurons. These interneurons synapse with motor neurons leading back to an effector and ascending neurons that carry action potentials toward the brain. This is an example of a/an ________ pathway.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent 
B)  divergent 
C)  reverberating 
D)  sensory 
E)  bifurcated 
A)  convergent 
B)  divergent 
C)  reverberating 
D)  sensory 
E)  bifurcated

Question 11

Nerve fibers are also called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nerve fibers are also called ________....

Question 12

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

Accepted Answer

A)  enhance transmission across the synapse. 
B)  reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse. 
C)  have no effect on transmission across the synapse. 
D)  alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  increase exocytosis. 
A)  enhance transmission across the synapse. 
B)  reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse. 
C)  have no effect on transmission across the synapse. 
D)  alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
E)  increase exocytosis.

Question 13

Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters and are present in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dendrites 
B)  cell body 
C)  axolemma 
D)  presynaptic terminals 
E)  trigger zone 
A)  dendrites 
B)  cell body 
C)  axolemma 
D)  presynaptic terminals 
E)  trigger zone

Question 14

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  When Na+ channels open, K+ channels close. 
B)  The sodium-potassium pump moves Na+ into the cell. 
C)  Depolarization causes voltage-gated Na+ channels to open. 
D)  Ligand-gated Na+ channels are opened by high extracellular Ca2+ levels. 
E)  Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell. 
A)  When Na+ channels open, K+ channels close. 
B)  The sodium-potassium pump moves Na+ into the cell. 
C)  Depolarization causes voltage-gated Na+ channels to open. 
D)  Ligand-gated Na+ channels are opened by high extracellular Ca2+ levels. 
E)  Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell.

Question 15

In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential), there is a

Accepted Answer

A)  net movement of Na+ out of the cells. 
B)  net movement of Cl− into the cells. 
C)  decrease in action potential amplitude. 
D)  local hyperpolarization. 
E)  local depolarization. 
A)  net movement of Na+ out of the cells. 
B)  net movement of Cl− into the cells. 
C)  decrease in action potential amplitude. 
D)  local hyperpolarization. 
E)  local depolarization.

Question 16

Match the term with the correct definition.
-Action potential

Accepted Answer

A) Small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) Charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) Larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) Membrane becomes more positive when Na+ diffuse into cell 
E) Return to the resting membrane potential 
A) Small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) Charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) Larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) Membrane becomes more positive when Na+ diffuse into cell 
E) Return to the resting membrane potential

Question 17

Compounds classified as ________ alter synaptic transmission by changing neurotransmitter receptor numbers or affecting the breakdown and/or removal of neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuromodulators 
B)  inhibitory neurotransmitters 
C)  excitatory neurotransmitters 
D)  neurohormones 
A)  neuromodulators 
B)  inhibitory neurotransmitters 
C)  excitatory neurotransmitters 
D)  neurohormones

Question 18

The junction of a neuron with another cell is a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  synapse 
B)  ganglion 
C)  receptor 
D)  effector 
A)  synapse 
B)  ganglion 
C)  receptor 
D)  effector

Question 19

An action potential

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level. 
B)  propagates across the plasma membrane in a decremental fashion. 
C)  has no repolarization phase. 
D)  is an example of negative feedback. 
E)  cannot transmit information. 
A)  occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level. 
B)  propagates across the plasma membrane in a decremental fashion. 
C)  has no repolarization phase. 
D)  is an example of negative feedback. 
E)  cannot transmit information.

Question 20

Chemical synapses are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  connexons that connect the pre- and postsynaptic cells. 
C)  the presence of receptors for neurotransmitters on the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  the absence of gap junctions. 
E)  receptors located only on the presynaptic terminal. 
A)  the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic terminal. 
B)  connexons that connect the pre- and postsynaptic cells. 
C)  the presence of receptors for neurotransmitters on the presynaptic terminal. 
D)  the absence of gap junctions. 
E)  receptors located only on the presynaptic terminal.

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Which of these happens first in a cholinergic synaptic transmission?

If the extracellular fluid around a neuron is replaced with an isotonic saline solution that contains K+ and other solutes at concentrations very close to the extracellular fluid concentrations of a normal cell, the result is

Which of the following descriptions of glial cells is mismatched?

Which inhibitory neurotransmitter is blocked in strychnine poisoning?

Match the term with the correct definition. -Resting membrane potential

Match the following concerning concentration differences across the plasma membrane. -Requires ATP

Which of the following is NOT true of reactive astrocytosis?

The function of acetylcholinesterase is to

A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called ________.

Nerve fibers are also called ________.

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters and are present in the ________.

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells?

In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential), there is a

Match the term with the correct definition. -Action potential

Compounds classified as ________ alter synaptic transmission by changing neurotransmitter receptor numbers or affecting the breakdown and/or removal of neurotransmitter.

The junction of a neuron with another cell is a/an ________.

An action potential

Chemical synapses are characterized by

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

If the extracellular fluid around a neuron is replaced with an isotonic saline solution that contains K⁺ and other solutes at concentrations very close to the extracellular fluid concentrations of a normal cell, the result is

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would