Question 1

Neurotransmitters are released from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  epineurium 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  presynaptic terminal 
D)  postsynaptic membrane 
E)  Ca2+ channels 
A)  epineurium 
B)  synaptic cleft 
C)  presynaptic terminal 
D)  postsynaptic membrane 
E)  Ca2+ channels

Question 2

A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potentials from one neuron to another is called a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  motor neuron 
B)  sensory neuron 
C)  afferent neuron 
D)  efferent neuron 
E)  interneuron 
A)  motor neuron 
B)  sensory neuron 
C)  afferent neuron 
D)  efferent neuron 
E)  interneuron

Question 3

Which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation gates of Na+ channels begin to close. 
B)  Inactivation gates of Na+ channels begin to open. 
C)  A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ channels to open. 
D)  K+ channels begin to close. 
E)  Both "Inactivation gates of Na+ channels begin to open" and "A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ channels to open" are correct. 
A)  Activation gates of Na+ channels begin to close. 
B)  Inactivation gates of Na+ channels begin to open. 
C)  A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ channels to open. 
D)  K+ channels begin to close. 
E)  Both "Inactivation gates of Na+ channels begin to open" and "A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ channels to open" are correct.

Question 4

Dendrites

Accepted Answer

A)  are the input part of the neuron. 
B)  conduct action potentials away from the cell body. 
C)  are generally long and unbranched. 
D)  form synapses with the microglia. 
E)  contain the trigger zone. 
A)  are the input part of the neuron. 
B)  conduct action potentials away from the cell body. 
C)  are generally long and unbranched. 
D)  form synapses with the microglia. 
E)  contain the trigger zone.

Question 5

Gray matter consists of bundles of myelinated axons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A series of local potentials causes the membrane potential to move to -80 mV. Predict the result.

Accepted Answer

A)  Threshold is reached. 
B)  Depolarization occurs. 
C)  The neuron is hyperpolarized. 
D)  Information of frequency is needed to predict the result. 
E)  The neuron releases neurotransmitter in response. 
A)  Threshold is reached. 
B)  Depolarization occurs. 
C)  The neuron is hyperpolarized. 
D)  Information of frequency is needed to predict the result. 
E)  The neuron releases neurotransmitter in response.

Question 7

-The figure illustrates changes in the membrane potential during an action potential. What does "A" represent?
A) Repolarization
B) Depolarization
C) Local potential
D) Threshold
E) Afterpotential

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
-The figure illustrates changes in the...

Question 8

A local potential

Accepted Answer

A)  does not occur until threshold. 
B)  transmits information from one cell to another. 
C)  might be a depolarization event but cannot be a hyperpolarization event. 
D)  increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus strength. 
E)  does not alter resting membrane potential. 
A)  does not occur until threshold. 
B)  transmits information from one cell to another. 
C)  might be a depolarization event but cannot be a hyperpolarization event. 
D)  increases or decreases in direct proportion to the stimulus strength. 
E)  does not alter resting membrane potential.

Question 9

Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central nervous system 
B)  Peripheral nervous system 
C)  Somatic nervous system 
D)  Autonomic nervous system 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  Central nervous system 
B)  Peripheral nervous system 
C)  Somatic nervous system 
D)  Autonomic nervous system 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

The peripheral nervous system includes the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  brain 
B)  spinal cord 
C)  cranial nerves 
D)  blood-brain barrier 
E)  cerebellum 
A)  brain 
B)  spinal cord 
C)  cranial nerves 
D)  blood-brain barrier 
E)  cerebellum

Question 11

For the resting membrane potential, increasing the Na+ concentration in the ECF results in

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization. 
B)  depolarization. 
C)  hypopolarization. 
D)  little change in membrane potential. 
E)  There is not enough information to determine the results. 
A)  hyperpolarization. 
B)  depolarization. 
C)  hypopolarization. 
D)  little change in membrane potential. 
E)  There is not enough information to determine the results.

Question 12

Any two EPSPs will override one IPSP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "D" represent?
A) Postsynaptic membrane
B) Synaptic cleft
C) Synaptic vesicle
D) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel
E) Presynaptic terminal

Accepted Answer

Question 14

Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron. What determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  The kind of neuron involved 
B)  The size of the neuron involved 
C)  Whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated 
D)  The number of EPSPs in relation to the number of IPSPs 
E)  This situation is not possible in humans. 
A)  The kind of neuron involved 
B)  The size of the neuron involved 
C)  Whether the neuron is myelinated or non-myelinated 
D)  The number of EPSPs in relation to the number of IPSPs 
E)  This situation is not possible in humans.

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning myelination is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unmyelinated axons rest in invaginations of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes. 
B)  Myelination will not influence the speed of conduction of action potentials. 
C)  The myelin sheath inhibits the flow of electrical charges at nodes. 
D)  The myelin sheath is a protein wrapping. 
E)  The myelin sheath does not electrically insulate the axons from one another. 
A)  Unmyelinated axons rest in invaginations of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes. 
B)  Myelination will not influence the speed of conduction of action potentials. 
C)  The myelin sheath inhibits the flow of electrical charges at nodes. 
D)  The myelin sheath is a protein wrapping. 
E)  The myelin sheath does not electrically insulate the axons from one another.

Question 16

Continuous conduction of action potentials means that

Accepted Answer

A)  once an action potential is created, it moves in both directions along the axon. 
B)  the whole axon depolarizes at the same time. 
C)  an action potential in one site generates local currents causing depolarization to threshold at the adjacent site. 
D)  an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node. 
A)  once an action potential is created, it moves in both directions along the axon. 
B)  the whole axon depolarizes at the same time. 
C)  an action potential in one site generates local currents causing depolarization to threshold at the adjacent site. 
D)  an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node.

Question 17

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ________ cells....

Question 18

Arrange the events of synaptic transmission in correct sequence.
(1) Na+ diffuses into the cell and cause a local potential
(2) Neurotransmitter binds with receptor on postsynaptic cell
(3) Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft
(4) Membrane permeability to Na+ on postsynaptic cell increases
(5) Action potential causes release of neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  5, 2, 3, 1, 4 
C)  5, 3, 4, 1, 2 
D)  5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
E)  5, 3, 2, 4, 1 
A)  5, 2, 3, 4, 1 
B)  5, 2, 3, 1, 4 
C)  5, 3, 4, 1, 2 
D)  5, 4, 3, 2, 1 
E)  5, 3, 2, 4, 1

Question 19

-The figure illustrates changes in the membrane potential during an action potential. What does "D" represent?
A) Repolarization
B) Depolarization
C) Local potential
D) Threshold
E) Afterpotential

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
-The figure illustrates changes in the...

Question 20

During depolarization of the plasma membrane,

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ moves rapidly into the cell. 
B)  K+ moves rapidly out of the cell. 
C)  membrane permeability to Na+ decreases. 
D)  the outside of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the inside. 
E)  Na+ moves rapidly out of the cell. 
A)  Na+ moves rapidly into the cell. 
B)  K+ moves rapidly out of the cell. 
C)  membrane permeability to Na+ decreases. 
D)  the outside of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the inside. 
E)  Na+ moves rapidly out of the cell.

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Neurotransmitters are released from the ________.

A neuron within the central nervous system that carries action potentials from one neuron to another is called a/an ________.

Which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold?

Dendrites

Gray matter consists of bundles of myelinated axons.

A series of local potentials causes the membrane potential to move to -80 mV. Predict the result.

-The figure illustrates changes in the membrane potential during an action potential. What does "A" represent? A) Repolarization B) Depolarization C) Local potential D) Threshold E) Afterpotential

A local potential

Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills?

The peripheral nervous system includes the ________.

For the resting membrane potential, increasing the Na+ concentration in the ECF results in

Any two EPSPs will override one IPSP.

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "D" represent? A) Postsynaptic membrane B) Synaptic cleft C) Synaptic vesicle D) Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel E) Presynaptic terminal

Suppose both excitatory and inhibitory neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron. What determines if an action potential is initiated in the postsynaptic neuron?

Which of the following statements concerning myelination is true?

Continuous conduction of action potentials means that

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ________ cells.

-The figure illustrates changes in the membrane potential during an action potential. What does "D" represent? A) Repolarization B) Depolarization C) Local potential D) Threshold E) Afterpotential

During depolarization of the plasma membrane,

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

For the resting membrane potential, increasing the Na⁺ concentration in the ECF results in

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "D" represent? A) Postsynaptic membrane B) Synaptic cleft C) Synaptic vesicle D) Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel E) Presynaptic terminal