Exam 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Reliability is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Sharon had a major argument with Terence,her fifty-year-old general manager in her previous company,whom she perceives as being arrogant and snobbish.Following the argument,she quit her job and found a job in another company and is currently working under Ian who is about the same age as Terence.She now feels that Ian is also arrogant and snobbish.According to the biases and heuristics in decision making,it can be concluded that Sharon is likely to employ _____ in this scenario.

Approaches that attempt to explain observable behavior by investigating mental processes and structures that cannot be directly observed by individuals fall under _____ psychology.

Jim needs a backyard shed to house his motorcycle,and even though he has never built one,he decides to do it himself.He buys a book of professionally drawn detailed shed plans that provide step-by-step instructions.In this situation,Jim is using:

If the sound sequences "walk" and "ing" were combined to make "ingwalk," this would violate English _____.

Define reasoning.Discuss the two types of reasoning.

If one were to translate "white house" to Spanish from English,it would be "casa blanca," or "house white." This demonstrates a difference in _____ between the two languages.

The fact that Jordan hears about airplane crashes on the news more often than he hears about automobile crashes may lead him to believe that he is more likely to die in a plane than in a car.This scenario exemplifies:

When the field of cognitive psychology first became prominent,it was considered a revolutionary development because it was a radical departure from _____.

If an outcome measure is normally distributed,this means that:

Sasha is a journalist at Plato,Inc.She is extremely creative and enjoys her work mainly because she loves writing.She has recently been promoted to a senior position.According to the characteristics of creative thinkers,which of the following has resulted in her promotion in this scenario?

Distinguish between confirmation bias and hindsight bias.

Gwyneth views the exceptional ratings of a pair of jeans on an online shopping website and decides to purchase it over the weekend.However,her friend who has a similar pair of jeans complains about the poor quality of the material which prevents Gwyneth from making the online purchase.According to the biases and heuristics in decision making,it can be concluded that Gwyneth mirrors _____ in this scenario.

Actively open-minded thinking refers to thinking that is flexible and open to questioning.

Nina is an eighteen-year-old girl.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Nina between the age of 15 and 20?

Naomi intends to become a pilot.However,her father refuses to comply with her intention.He states that the women in his family have always been in the academic field and persuades her to pursue teaching as her future career.According to the biases and heuristics in decision making,it can be concluded that Naomi's father has employed _____ in this scenario.

Giftedness is indicated by an IQ score of 130 or higher.

Michelle,a tattoo artist,has invested a huge sum of money in establishing her own tattoo studio in her hometown.According to the characteristics of creative thinkers,which of the following characteristics has been demonstrated by Michelle in this scenario?

Which of the following is a trait of creative thinkers?

Base rate neglect refers to the tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information.