Question 1

The surest sign that students have mastered a concept is that they:

Accepted Answer

A) Tend to overgeneralize rather than undergeneralize 
B) Tend to undergeneralize rather than overgeneralize 
C) Can accurately identify at least one example and one nonexample of the concept 
D) Can consistently distinguish between examples and nonexamples of the concept 
A) Tend to overgeneralize rather than undergeneralize 
B) Tend to undergeneralize rather than overgeneralize 
C) Can accurately identify at least one example and one nonexample of the concept 
D) Can consistently distinguish between examples and nonexamples of the concept

Question 2

Three of the following strategies should promote the acquisition of useful theories about certain aspects of the world.Which one is least likely to do so?

Accepted Answer

A) Encourage students to form a strong emotional attachment to their beliefs. 
B) Show three-dimensional models that illustrate the solar system, the structure of DNA, and so on. 
C) Before conducting a demonstration of how heat affects a gas, ask students to make predictions about what they think will happen. 
D) Encourage and answer students' why and how questions about the things they see in their personal lives. 
A) Encourage students to form a strong emotional attachment to their beliefs. 
B) Show three-dimensional models that illustrate the solar system, the structure of DNA, and so on. 
C) Before conducting a demonstration of how heat affects a gas, ask students to make predictions about what they think will happen. 
D) Encourage and answer students' why and how questions about the things they see in their personal lives.

Question 3

Three of the following statements are true with regard to students with special needs.Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Students with social or behavioral problems often misinterpret social situations and therefore respond inappropriately to them. 
B) Students with advanced cognitive development typically have the same amount of knowledge that their classmates have but are able to retrieve it more quickly. 
C) Students with general delays in cognitive and social functioning have a difficult time making sense of a message when the message is ambiguous or incomplete. 
D) Students with general delays in cognitive development tend to have a more limited knowledge base than their classmates. 
A) Students with social or behavioral problems often misinterpret social situations and therefore respond inappropriately to them. 
B) Students with advanced cognitive development typically have the same amount of knowledge that their classmates have but are able to retrieve it more quickly. 
C) Students with general delays in cognitive and social functioning have a difficult time making sense of a message when the message is ambiguous or incomplete. 
D) Students with general delays in cognitive development tend to have a more limited knowledge base than their classmates.

Question 4

Which one of the following examples best illustrates the idea of promoting multiple constructions of the same situation?

Accepted Answer

A) A science teacher makes it clear to students that the terms velocity and 
B) A mathematics teacher encourages students to do their calculations first by hand and then, as a double-check, by calculator. 
C) A foreign language teacher teaches students how to say, "Where is the train station?" in German. 
D) A history teacher describes the Mexican-American War from the perspectives of both the United States and Mexico. 
A) A science teacher makes it clear to students that the terms velocity and 
B) A mathematics teacher encourages students to do their calculations first by hand and then, as a double-check, by calculator. 
C) A foreign language teacher teaches students how to say, "Where is the train station?" in German. 
D) A history teacher describes the Mexican-American War from the perspectives of both the United States and Mexico.

Question 5

The textbook advocates the use of classroom dialogues for promoting knowledge construction.Which one of the following student interactions is most likely to be effective in this respect?

Accepted Answer

A) Two students work together on a crossword puzzle that includes the week's new spelling words. 
B) Two students help each other prepare for a quiz by giving each other practice test questions. 
C) Three students in a cooperative learning group discuss different ways of solving a certain math problem. 
D) When a French teacher begins class by saying, "Comment allez vous?" the students reply in unison, "Trés bien." 
A) Two students work together on a crossword puzzle that includes the week's new spelling words. 
B) Two students help each other prepare for a quiz by giving each other practice test questions. 
C) Three students in a cooperative learning group discuss different ways of solving a certain math problem. 
D) When a French teacher begins class by saying, "Comment allez vous?" the students reply in unison, "Trés bien."

Question 6

Which one of the following statements best describes psychologists' belief that children's knowledge sometimes takes the form of theories?

Accepted Answer

A) The ways in which children categorize their experiences usually have little relevance to physical reality. 
B) Children form hypotheses about the characteristics of members of a particular concept category and then test those hypotheses against specific examples of the concept they encounter. 
C) In the early years, children develop concrete understandings of events; these understandings become increasingly more abstract as they reach adolescence. 
D) Children develop general belief systems about how certain aspects of the world operate. 
A) The ways in which children categorize their experiences usually have little relevance to physical reality. 
B) Children form hypotheses about the characteristics of members of a particular concept category and then test those hypotheses against specific examples of the concept they encounter. 
C) In the early years, children develop concrete understandings of events; these understandings become increasingly more abstract as they reach adolescence. 
D) Children develop general belief systems about how certain aspects of the world operate.

Question 7

Ms.Villanueva has her students engage in a variety of activities in her middle school geography class.Three of the activities described below are authentic activities.Which one is not an authentic activity as educational psychologists define the term?

Accepted Answer

A) Constructing a map of the local business district 
B) Finding the most direct route to Chicago on a road map 
C) Using library resources to identify a good place to take a vacation 
D) Describing the difference between latitude and longitude clearly and concretely 
A) Constructing a map of the local business district 
B) Finding the most direct route to Chicago on a road map 
C) Using library resources to identify a good place to take a vacation 
D) Describing the difference between latitude and longitude clearly and concretely

Question 8

Distributed cognition can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) A student choosing one problem-solving strategy over other possible strategies 
B) A student trying to accomplish several different tasks simultaneously 
C) A group of students dividing up the various parts of a task that need to be done 
D) A group of students thinking about a task or problem together 
A) A student choosing one problem-solving strategy over other possible strategies 
B) A student trying to accomplish several different tasks simultaneously 
C) A group of students dividing up the various parts of a task that need to be done 
D) A group of students thinking about a task or problem together

Question 9

A community of learners can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) A small group of students that chooses a special topic it wants to pursue independently 
B) A classroom that has an elected "government council" that directs learning activities 
C) A classroom in which a cooperative spirit of helping one another learn prevails 
D) A classroom in which students learn almost exclusively through individual and small-group experimentation 
A) A small group of students that chooses a special topic it wants to pursue independently 
B) A classroom that has an elected "government council" that directs learning activities 
C) A classroom in which a cooperative spirit of helping one another learn prevails 
D) A classroom in which students learn almost exclusively through individual and small-group experimentation

Question 10

Which one of the following statements best reflects how a contemporary concept- learning theorist might explain the acquisition of class inclusion as Piaget used this term?

Accepted Answer

A) Children develop increasingly elaborate scripts to explain everyday events. 
B) Children develop increasing knowledge about how particular concepts are interrelated. 
C) Children's knowledge becomes less dependent on constructive processes over time. 
D) Children's schemas gradually evolve into scripts. 
A) Children develop increasingly elaborate scripts to explain everyday events. 
B) Children develop increasing knowledge about how particular concepts are interrelated. 
C) Children's knowledge becomes less dependent on constructive processes over time. 
D) Children's schemas gradually evolve into scripts.

Question 11

Three of the following strategies should help promote conceptual change.Which one probably will not?

Accepted Answer

A) Pique students' interest in classroom subject matter. 
B) Have students learn definitions of important concepts to automaticity. 
C) Identify and build on the parts of students' understandings that are accurate. 
D) Identify students' misconceptions about a topic and address them during instruction. 
A) Pique students' interest in classroom subject matter. 
B) Have students learn definitions of important concepts to automaticity. 
C) Identify and build on the parts of students' understandings that are accurate. 
D) Identify students' misconceptions about a topic and address them during instruction.

Question 12

Which one of the following statements best describes theorists' rationale for advocating the use of authentic activities?

Accepted Answer

A) Authentic activities are the most efficient way of teaching basic skills. 
B) Authentic activities have built-in scaffolding that assures students' success. 
C) Authentic activities help students relate classroom subjects to real-world contexts. 
D) Students' performance in authentic activities is easier to evaluate objectively. 
A) Authentic activities are the most efficient way of teaching basic skills. 
B) Authentic activities have built-in scaffolding that assures students' success. 
C) Authentic activities help students relate classroom subjects to real-world contexts. 
D) Students' performance in authentic activities is easier to evaluate objectively.

Question 13

Which one of the following examples illustrates conceptual change?

Accepted Answer

A) As a Boy Scout, Andy has learned how to cook a wide variety of foods over an open fire. 
B) Brad misinterprets the scientific explanation of fire to fit what he believes: that fire is an object with substance and weight. 
C) Charlotte used to think that fire was an actual substance, but now she knows it's a chemical change. 
D) Danielle wasn't aware of how much damage fire could really do until the house next door burned down. 
A) As a Boy Scout, Andy has learned how to cook a wide variety of foods over an open fire. 
B) Brad misinterprets the scientific explanation of fire to fit what he believes: that fire is an object with substance and weight. 
C) Charlotte used to think that fire was an actual substance, but now she knows it's a chemical change. 
D) Danielle wasn't aware of how much damage fire could really do until the house next door burned down.

Question 14

In contemporary cognitive psychology, a script can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) A particular way of talking oneself through a difficult situation 
B) Knowledge about the typical sequence of events in an activity 
C) The strategy that a teacher tells students to use in order to remember classroom material 
D) The things that someone typically says when initiating a conversation with someone else 
E) g., "small talk") 
A) A particular way of talking oneself through a difficult situation 
B) Knowledge about the typical sequence of events in an activity 
C) The strategy that a teacher tells students to use in order to remember classroom material 
D) The things that someone typically says when initiating a conversation with someone else 
E) g., "small talk")

Question 15

Three of the following teaching strategies are likely to help students acquire a conceptual understanding of classroom subject matter.Which strategy, though possibly beneficial for other reasons, is least likely to promote conceptual understanding?

Accepted Answer

A) Exploring a topic in depth 
B) Developing automaticity of basic skills 
C) Asking students to teach a topic to a classmate 
D) Relating new ideas to students' personal experiences 
A) Exploring a topic in depth 
B) Developing automaticity of basic skills 
C) Asking students to teach a topic to a classmate 
D) Relating new ideas to students' personal experiences

Question 16

Three of the following are authentic activities related to using a computer.Which one is, in and of itself, not an authentic activity?

Accepted Answer

A) Learning how to save files on a hard drive 
B) Writing a letter to a friend using a word processing program 
C) Sending an e-mail message to a government official 
D) Statistically analyzing data collected in a science experiment 
A) Learning how to save files on a hard drive 
B) Writing a letter to a friend using a word processing program 
C) Sending an e-mail message to a government official 
D) Statistically analyzing data collected in a science experiment

Question 17

Over the course of history, science has continued to evolve as new data emerge and scientists present new ideas to explain those data.This continuing process of change in scientific thinking over the years best reflects which one of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A) Individual constructivism 
B) Social constructivism 
C) Reconstruction error 
D) A worldview 
A) Individual constructivism 
B) Social constructivism 
C) Reconstruction error 
D) A worldview

Question 18

Which one of the following illustrates confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A) Barak feels much better when his teacher gives him a high rather than low grade on a writing assignment.He gets depressed when he thinks that his work is anything less than perfect. 
B) When Lavina reads about the migratory behavior of Canada geese, she is very curious about why the geese travel along certain routes flyways).She spends an entire evening searching the Internet for a scientific explanation of their behavior. 
C) In his geography class, Carlos likes the unit on South America more than the unit on Africa because his grandfather was born and raised in Colombia. 
D) Jayne thinks that metal objects always sink.When she places an aluminum pie plate in a tub of water and sees that it floats, she says, "It only looks like aluminum; it must be plastic with silver paint on it." 
A) Barak feels much better when his teacher gives him a high rather than low grade on a writing assignment.He gets depressed when he thinks that his work is anything less than perfect. 
B) When Lavina reads about the migratory behavior of Canada geese, she is very curious about why the geese travel along certain routes flyways).She spends an entire evening searching the Internet for a scientific explanation of their behavior. 
C) In his geography class, Carlos likes the unit on South America more than the unit on Africa because his grandfather was born and raised in Colombia. 
D) Jayne thinks that metal objects always sink.When she places an aluminum pie plate in a tub of water and sees that it floats, she says, "It only looks like aluminum; it must be plastic with silver paint on it."

Question 19

Maria moved to this country several months ago.She has been studying English as a second language but still has much to learn about the language of her new homeland.One day her teacher tells the class, "Bring an empty coffee can to school tomorrow for a project we're going to do." Maria hears only two familiar words-"coffee" and "school"-and guesses that her teacher is saying that students should not drink coffee at school.Maria's misinterpretation illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Use of a script 
B) Conceptual change 
C) Construction in retrieval 
D) Construction in storage 
A) Use of a script 
B) Conceptual change 
C) Construction in retrieval 
D) Construction in storage

Question 20

From the perspective of contemporary cognitive psychology, a schema can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) An organized set of facts about a particular object or phenomenon 
B) A plan of action regarding how to learn something 
C) A set of reasons why a student would want to learn something 
D) A basic piece of information upon which most other knowledge must build 
A) An organized set of facts about a particular object or phenomenon 
B) A plan of action regarding how to learn something 
C) A set of reasons why a student would want to learn something 
D) A basic piece of information upon which most other knowledge must build

The surest sign that students have mastered a concept is that they:

Three of the following strategies should promote the acquisition of useful theories about certain aspects of the world.Which one is least likely to do so?

Three of the following statements are true with regard to students with special needs.Which statement is false?

Which one of the following examples best illustrates the idea of promoting multiple constructions of the same situation?

The textbook advocates the use of classroom dialogues for promoting knowledge construction.Which one of the following student interactions is most likely to be effective in this respect?

Which one of the following statements best describes psychologists' belief that children's knowledge sometimes takes the form of theories?

Ms.Villanueva has her students engage in a variety of activities in her middle school geography class.Three of the activities described below are authentic activities.Which one is not an authentic activity as educational psychologists define the term?

Distributed cognition can best be described as:

A community of learners can best be described as:

Which one of the following statements best reflects how a contemporary concept- learning theorist might explain the acquisition of class inclusion as Piaget used this term?

Three of the following strategies should help promote conceptual change.Which one probably will not?

Which one of the following statements best describes theorists' rationale for advocating the use of authentic activities?

Which one of the following examples illustrates conceptual change?

In contemporary cognitive psychology, a script can best be described as:

Three of the following teaching strategies are likely to help students acquire a conceptual understanding of classroom subject matter.Which strategy, though possibly beneficial for other reasons, is least likely to promote conceptual understanding?

Three of the following are authentic activities related to using a computer.Which one is, in and of itself, not an authentic activity?

Over the course of history, science has continued to evolve as new data emerge and scientists present new ideas to explain those data.This continuing process of change in scientific thinking over the years best reflects which one of the following concepts?

Which one of the following illustrates confirmation bias?

From the perspective of contemporary cognitive psychology, a schema can best be described as:

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters

Exam 7: Knowledge Construction

The surest sign that students have mastered a concept is that they:

Three of the following strategies should promote the acquisition of useful theories about certain aspects of the world.Which one is least likely to do so?

Three of the following statements are true with regard to students with special needs.Which statement is false?

Which one of the following examples best illustrates the idea of promoting multiple constructions of the same situation?

The textbook advocates the use of classroom dialogues for promoting knowledge construction.Which one of the following student interactions is most likely to be effective in this respect?

Which one of the following statements best describes psychologists' belief that children's knowledge sometimes takes the form of theories?

Ms.Villanueva has her students engage in a variety of activities in her middle school geography class.Three of the activities described below are authentic activities.Which one is not an authentic activity as educational psychologists define the term?

Distributed cognition can best be described as:

A community of learners can best be described as:

Which one of the following statements best reflects how a contemporary concept- learning theorist might explain the acquisition of class inclusion as Piaget used this term?

Three of the following strategies should help promote conceptual change.Which one probably will not?

Which one of the following statements best describes theorists' rationale for advocating the use of authentic activities?

Which one of the following examples illustrates conceptual change?

In contemporary cognitive psychology, a script can best be described as:

Three of the following teaching strategies are likely to help students acquire a conceptual understanding of classroom subject matter.Which strategy, though possibly beneficial for other reasons, is least likely to promote conceptual understanding?

Three of the following are authentic activities related to using a computer.Which one is, in and of itself, not an authentic activity?

Over the course of history, science has continued to evolve as new data emerge and scientists present new ideas to explain those data.This continuing process of change in scientific thinking over the years best reflects which one of the following concepts?

Which one of the following illustrates confirmation bias?

From the perspective of contemporary cognitive psychology, a schema can best be described as:

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters