Exam 27: Microbial Interactions With Humans

The number of Vibrio cholera cells necessary to produce cholera in an exposed individual is drastically reduced if the individual is malnourished.

The Limulus amebocyte lysate assay is used to detect endotoxin in clinical samples such as serum or cerebrospinal fluid.

Cytolytic toxins

_________in saliva cleaves glycosidic linkages in peptidoglycan present in bacterial cell walls, weakening the wall, and causing cell lysis.

Before teething, bacteria in the mouth are _________anaerobes and_________ .

Which of the following is more likely to cause urinary tract infections?

The macromolecules responsible for bacterial adherence that are not covalently attached to bacteria are collectively called ___________.

In AIDS patients, the body's normal microflora causes diseases because the host's resistance is compromised.

The vagina of adult female is

The first microorganisms to colonize the gut of a baby born in the developed world are_________and in the developing world are _________.

_________are microbial infections acquired by hospital patients with noninfectious diseases because they are compromised hosts.

_________microorganisms colonize, invade, and damage the human body through indirect means.

When does an infection become a disease?

Describe the difference between the use of streptokinase and coagulase as a defense mechanism among pathogens.

An opportunistic pathogen causes disease only in the presence of normal host resistance.

The ability of an organism to cause disease by means of a preformed toxin that inhibits host cell function or kills host cells is called _________.

Hormones that are produced under stress boost normal immune responses and play a role in stress- mediated disease resistance.

Gram- positive bacteria produce endotoxins.

Capsules are particularly important for

Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli usually express