Question 1

The disposal of garbage or sewage in the ocean is known to cause the sudden growth of sulfate reducers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Xenobiotics are among the most recalcitrant compounds known on the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The largest carbon sink on Earth is the and of Earth's crust.

Accepted Answer

rocks / se

Question 4

Silicoflagellates use silicon compounds in substrate- level phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the main form of nitrogen found on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  NO3- 
B)  N2 
C)  NH4 
D)  NO 
A)  NO3- 
B)  N2 
C)  NH4 
D)  NO

Question 6

The temperature of a copper- leaching dump

Accepted Answer

A)  at a given time determines which microorganism is active and which are not. 
B)  remains at an optimal temperature of 30°C throughout the process. 
C)  remains at an optimal temperature of 80°C throughout the process. 
D)  dramatically fluctuates due to endothermic reactions and exothermic reactions that each take place. 
A)  at a given time determines which microorganism is active and which are not. 
B)  remains at an optimal temperature of 30°C throughout the process. 
C)  remains at an optimal temperature of 80°C throughout the process. 
D)  dramatically fluctuates due to endothermic reactions and exothermic reactions that each take place.

Question 7

What is the function of mercuric reductase?

Accepted Answer

A)  CH3Hg+ to Hg2+ 
B)  Hg2+ to Hg0 
C)  CH3HgCH3 to Hg2+ 
D)  Hg4+ to Hg2+ 
A)  CH3Hg+ to Hg2+ 
B)  Hg2+ to Hg0 
C)  CH3HgCH3 to Hg2+ 
D)  Hg4+ to Hg2+

Question 8

Draw a microbial- based nitrogen cycle.

Accepted Answer

The textbook illustr

Question 9

What substrate does Alcanivorax borkumensis grow on?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyrite 
B)  humus 
C)  glyphosate 
D)  hydrocarbons 
A)  pyrite 
B)  humus 
C)  glyphosate 
D)  hydrocarbons

Question 10

What is a characteristic of a cold seep/vent?

Accepted Answer

A)  low pressure 
B)  rich in methane 
C)  acidic 
D)  luminous 
A)  low pressure 
B)  rich in methane 
C)  acidic 
D)  luminous

Question 11

The most dominant aquatic and terrestrial phototrophs are phototrophic microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The mercury in fish is normally in the form of elemental mercury (Hg0).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Environments contaminated with chlorinated xenobiotics are generally _ , which highlights the importance of being studied to detoxify these compounds.

Accepted Answer

anoxic / r

Question 14

Denitrification of treated sewage can result in harmful algal blooms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Bacterial oxidation of Fe2+ occurs BEST under which environmental condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  nutrient replete 
B)  cold temperature 
C)  low (acidic) pH 
D)  high sunlight 
A)  nutrient replete 
B)  cold temperature 
C)  low (acidic) pH 
D)  high sunlight

Question 16

Which statement exemplifies the biological pump concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autotrophs bring in light photons to synthesize ATP. 
B)  Calcium ions are brought into cells while toxic physiological byproducts are released. 
C)  Bacteria oxidize Fe2+ into Fe3+, and Archaea reduce Fe3+ back into Fe2+. 
D)  Primary producers sink to the deep ocean, which provides deep ocean organisms with nutrients when the primary producers die. 
A)  Autotrophs bring in light photons to synthesize ATP. 
B)  Calcium ions are brought into cells while toxic physiological byproducts are released. 
C)  Bacteria oxidize Fe2+ into Fe3+, and Archaea reduce Fe3+ back into Fe2+. 
D)  Primary producers sink to the deep ocean, which provides deep ocean organisms with nutrients when the primary producers die.

Question 17

Changing the oxidation state of a metal is not, by definition, considered bioremediation because the metal itself is still harmful.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

One procedure that treats sewage for disposal is the removal of to minimize potential algal blooms associated with sewage discharge into a body of water.

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanophages 
B)  carbonate 
C)  sulfate 
D)  nitrate 
A)  cyanophages 
B)  carbonate 
C)  sulfate 
D)  nitrate

Question 19

The metabolic process of denitrification

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidizes NO3- . 
B)  reduces NO3-  . 
C)  reduces N2. 
D)  oxidizes N2. 
A)  oxidizes NO3- . 
B)  reduces NO3-  . 
C)  reduces N2. 
D)  oxidizes N2.

Question 20

Why is gold mining often performed in bioreactor tanks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gold mining requires only a few steps. 
B)  The bioreactor's temperature must be monitored and regulated due to stringent temperature requirements. 
C)  Some processing products are highly toxic. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Gold mining requires only a few steps. 
B)  The bioreactor's temperature must be monitored and regulated due to stringent temperature requirements. 
C)  Some processing products are highly toxic. 
D)  all of the above

Exam 24: Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

The disposal of garbage or sewage in the ocean is known to cause the sudden growth of sulfate reducers.

Xenobiotics are among the most recalcitrant compounds known on the Earth.

The largest carbon sink on Earth is the and of Earth's crust.

Silicoflagellates use silicon compounds in substrate- level phosphorylation.

What is the main form of nitrogen found on Earth?

The temperature of a copper- leaching dump

What is the function of mercuric reductase?

Draw a microbial- based nitrogen cycle.

What substrate does Alcanivorax borkumensis grow on?

What is a characteristic of a cold seep/vent?

The most dominant aquatic and terrestrial phototrophs are phototrophic microorganisms.

The mercury in fish is normally in the form of elemental mercury (Hg0).

Environments contaminated with chlorinated xenobiotics are generally _ , which highlights the importance of being studied to detoxify these compounds.

Denitrification of treated sewage can result in harmful algal blooms.

Bacterial oxidation of Fe2+ occurs BEST under which environmental condition?

Which statement exemplifies the biological pump concept?

Changing the oxidation state of a metal is not, by definition, considered bioremediation because the metal itself is still harmful.

One procedure that treats sewage for disposal is the removal of to minimize potential algal blooms associated with sewage discharge into a body of water.

The metabolic process of denitrification

Why is gold mining often performed in bioreactor tanks?

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

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