Exam 24: Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Why is the water solubility of different nitrogen species of importance to agriculturalists?

Some bacteria have genes that confer resistance to mercury.

The metabolic process of ammonification _ ammonia.

Microbial processing is necessary to mine uranium.

Provide an example of a "new" pollutant, and explain why it is an emerging concern.

Energy yields are high enough for Fe2+ oxidation that the bacteria that perform this reaction require only small quantities of Fe2+ to be available.

Which bacterial genera is used in bioremediation of toxic metals?

Nitrate (NO3- ) reduced into ammonia (NH3) is called

In the recovery of copper, Fe2+ is used to oxidize CuS and release Cu2+ leachate.

Acetogens can ferment glucose into acetate, but methanogens cannot.

The most detected groundwater contaminant are

Using the sudden bloom of cyanobacteria in a lake due to anthropogenic fertilizer inputs as an example, explain the coupling of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycling. Exclude discussion of all organisms other than microorganisms.

In the Earth's atmosphere, methane exists as a _, but it can also occur as a solid under _ and _ conditions.

Phosphonate comprises 25% of the organic phosphorous pool in waters.

In the oceans, sulfur exists primarily as , and in rocks and sediments sulfur occurs mostly as and .

Mercury is NOT used in

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation results in the of surface dissolved bicarbonate (HCO3- ) and the in dissolved CO2.

Describe how microbial leaching is used in the mining of copper. Why is this method preferred over others?

Which of the following is a sulfide?

More carbon is present in dead organic material on Earth than in living organisms.