Question 1

Describe the procedures involved in sequencing an individual cell's genome present in seawater.

Accepted Answer

First, individual cells would need to be

Question 2

Winogradsky columns are used primarily for enrichment of

Accepted Answer

A)  microaerophiles, although occasionally both aerobes and anaerobes do appear. 
B)  anaerobic cultures, although occasionally aerobes do appear. 
C)  both aerobes and anaerobes. 
D)  aerobic cultures, although occasionally anaerobes do appear. 
A)  microaerophiles, although occasionally both aerobes and anaerobes do appear. 
B)  anaerobic cultures, although occasionally aerobes do appear. 
C)  both aerobes and anaerobes. 
D)  aerobic cultures, although occasionally anaerobes do appear.

Question 3

When dealing with stable isotopes, enzymes tend to favor

Accepted Answer

A)  the heavier isotope. 
B)  the lighter isotope. 
C)  the isotopes in about equal proportions. 
D)  either the lighter or the heavier isotope, depending on environmental conditions. 
A)  the heavier isotope. 
B)  the lighter isotope. 
C)  the isotopes in about equal proportions. 
D)  either the lighter or the heavier isotope, depending on environmental conditions.

Question 4

One way to study a microbial ecosystem is to isolate microorganisms from it and study their properties in laboratory culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Organisms in natural environments can be detected by assaying for the presence of their genes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Well- designed microbial activity measurements can reveal ___________ of major metabolic reactions in a habitat.

Accepted Answer

A)  rates 
B)  types 
C)  both types and rates 
D)  either types or rates (but not both) 
A)  rates 
B)  types 
C)  both types and rates 
D)  either types or rates (but not both)

Question 7

The Winogradsky column is a method for assessing the entire gene complement of a habitat, revealing both the biodiversity and metabolic capabilities of the microbial community at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In an agar dilution tube, microbial colonies grow

Accepted Answer

A)  on the sides of the tube, although some may be at the surface. 
B)  on the surface, but some creep down the sides away from the surface. 
C)  at the bottom of the tube. 
D)  embedded in the agar, rather than growing on the surface. 
A)  on the sides of the tube, although some may be at the surface. 
B)  on the surface, but some creep down the sides away from the surface. 
C)  at the bottom of the tube. 
D)  embedded in the agar, rather than growing on the surface.

Question 9

Microarrays are useful for assessing

Accepted Answer

A)  protein folding. 
B)  the presence of any DNA sequence. 
C)  gene expression. 
D)  the presence of specific rRNA sequences. 
A)  protein folding. 
B)  the presence of any DNA sequence. 
C)  gene expression. 
D)  the presence of specific rRNA sequences.

Question 10

In the T- RFLP method, only the digested amplicons are labeled with a_________that are detected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the T- RFLP method, only the...

Question 11

The term axenic is used to describe a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nutritionally deficient culture. 
B)  anoxygenic culture. 
C)  anaerobic culture. 
D)  pure culture. 
A)  nutritionally deficient culture. 
B)  anoxygenic culture. 
C)  anaerobic culture. 
D)  pure culture.

Question 12

Which approach would help to identify biologically produced sulfur in a sediment sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  microelectrodes 
B)  microautoradiography 
C)  enrichment 
D)  isotopic fractionation 
A)  microelectrodes 
B)  microautoradiography 
C)  enrichment 
D)  isotopic fractionation

Question 13

By using simple microscopy techniques, it is possible to determine if a culture is contaminated with another organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

DGGE and T- RFLP are both powerful molecular microbial ecology methods that use multiple genes to look at diversity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following methods do NOT involve nucleic acid hybridization?

Accepted Answer

A)  RACE- FISH 
B)  T- RFLP 
C)  phylochips 
D)  FISH- MAR 
A)  RACE- FISH 
B)  T- RFLP 
C)  phylochips 
D)  FISH- MAR

Question 16

The goal of environmental genomics is to detect as many genes as possible and then if possible to determine to which phylogenetic groups(s) they belong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Diversity is often __________when ARISA or T- RFLP is used.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Diversity is often __________when ARISA or T-...

Question 18

The biggest limitation with the microscopic methods used in today's ecological studies is that they are unable to reveal

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenic diversity of the microorganisms in the habitat under study. 
B)  oxygen requirements related to the microbes' location in given samples. 
C)  cellular components of the smaller microbes because of the limits of magnification. 
D)  microbial interactions as found in nature. 
A)  phylogenic diversity of the microorganisms in the habitat under study. 
B)  oxygen requirements related to the microbes' location in given samples. 
C)  cellular components of the smaller microbes because of the limits of magnification. 
D)  microbial interactions as found in nature.

Question 19

DGGE stands for_________ .

Accepted Answer

denaturing

Question 20

Which molecular method allows for the detection of a specific organism within a diverse microbial community?

Accepted Answer

A)  viability staining 
B)  enrichment techniques 
C)  fluorescent antibodies 
D)  fluorescent staining using DAPI 
A)  viability staining 
B)  enrichment techniques 
C)  fluorescent antibodies 
D)  fluorescent staining using DAPI

Exam 22: Methods in Microbial Ecology

Describe the procedures involved in sequencing an individual cell's genome present in seawater.

Winogradsky columns are used primarily for enrichment of

When dealing with stable isotopes, enzymes tend to favor

One way to study a microbial ecosystem is to isolate microorganisms from it and study their properties in laboratory culture.

Organisms in natural environments can be detected by assaying for the presence of their genes.

Well- designed microbial activity measurements can reveal ___________ of major metabolic reactions in a habitat.

The Winogradsky column is a method for assessing the entire gene complement of a habitat, revealing both the biodiversity and metabolic capabilities of the microbial community at the same time.

In an agar dilution tube, microbial colonies grow

Microarrays are useful for assessing

In the T- RFLP method, only the digested amplicons are labeled with a_________that are detected.

The term axenic is used to describe a(n)

Which approach would help to identify biologically produced sulfur in a sediment sample?

By using simple microscopy techniques, it is possible to determine if a culture is contaminated with another organism.

DGGE and T- RFLP are both powerful molecular microbial ecology methods that use multiple genes to look at diversity.

Which of the following methods do NOT involve nucleic acid hybridization?

The goal of environmental genomics is to detect as many genes as possible and then if possible to determine to which phylogenetic groups(s) they belong.

Diversity is often __________when ARISA or T- RFLP is used.

The biggest limitation with the microscopic methods used in today's ecological studies is that they are unable to reveal

DGGE stands for_________ .

Which molecular method allows for the detection of a specific organism within a diverse microbial community?

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

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