Question 1

LUCA is

Accepted Answer

A)  the last universal common ancestor. 
B)  actually somewhat of a misnomer because it is now believed that each of the domains arose independently. 
C)  the individual ancestor of each of the three domains. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  the last universal common ancestor. 
B)  actually somewhat of a misnomer because it is now believed that each of the domains arose independently. 
C)  the individual ancestor of each of the three domains. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 2

Polyphasic taxonomy uses methods that include

Accepted Answer

A)  phylogenetic. 
B)  genotypic. 
C)  phenotypic. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  phylogenetic. 
B)  genotypic. 
C)  phenotypic. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 3

Why is Carl Woese an important figure in microbial classification and taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

During the 1970s, Dr. Carl Woe

Question 4

Explain the differences between rep- PCR and AFLP compared to ribotyping, and state how each can be used in phylogenic studies.

Accepted Answer

Both AFLP and rep- PCR are DNA profiling

Question 5

Precambrian iron exists today primarily as________ in rocks.

Accepted Answer

banded iro

Question 6

Chemical reactions involving ________have been proposed as energy- yielding reactions for primitive organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron, sulfur, and oxygen 
B)  iron, oxygen, and hydrogen 
C)  sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen 
D)  iron, sulfur, and hydrogen 
A)  iron, sulfur, and oxygen 
B)  iron, oxygen, and hydrogen 
C)  sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen 
D)  iron, sulfur, and hydrogen

Question 7

Explain the strengths and limitations of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses.

Accepted Answer

Due to function constraints, the 16S rRN

Question 8

The earliest stromatolites were probably

Accepted Answer

A)  anoxygenic phototrophs. 
B)  oxygenic phototrophs. 
C)  anoxygenic lithotrophs. 
D)  oxygenic lithotrophs. 
A)  anoxygenic phototrophs. 
B)  oxygenic phototrophs. 
C)  anoxygenic lithotrophs. 
D)  oxygenic lithotrophs.

Question 9

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its________ and it is inferred indirectly from________ .

Accepted Answer

phylogeny

Question 10

The rise in atmospheric oxygen, caused by the photosynthetic production of oxygen by the________, allowed for the origin of eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rise in atmospheric oxygen, caused by...

Question 11

Eukaryotes originated after the rise in atmospheric oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Explain why life is now believed to have originated at hydrothermal springs on the ocean floor rather than on the surface of Earth.

Accepted Answer

Aside from the temperature, the environm

Question 13

When a new organism is described, certain procedures take place before its name and description become "official." Explain this process.

Accepted Answer

The organism's characteristics and disti

Question 14

Microorganisms likely did not inhabit Earth's surface until

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic life brought them onto land. 
B)  the ozone layer was made. 
C)  phototrophy evolved. 
D)  chemoorganotrophy developed. 
A)  aquatic life brought them onto land. 
B)  the ozone layer was made. 
C)  phototrophy evolved. 
D)  chemoorganotrophy developed.

Question 15

Molecular sequencing suggests that mitochondria arose from a group of prokaryotic organisms within the

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria. 
B)  Proteobacteria. 
C)  Crenarchaeota. 
D)  iron- oxidizing bacteria. 
A)  cyanobacteria. 
B)  Proteobacteria. 
C)  Crenarchaeota. 
D)  iron- oxidizing bacteria.

Question 16

The atmosphere of primitive Earth is usually classified as an oxidizing atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The 16S rRNA sequence is an approximately 1,500 bp linear strand of single stranded RNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The hyperthermophilic members of the Crenarchaeota branch very close to the root of the universal tree.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If a population of cells occupies a particular niche in a habitat and shares a particular resource, it is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  strain. 
B)  ecotype. 
C)  genus. 
D)  species. 
A)  strain. 
B)  ecotype. 
C)  genus. 
D)  species.

Question 20

Two organisms containing identical GC ratios are not necessarily related.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Microbial Evolution and Systematics

LUCA is

Polyphasic taxonomy uses methods that include

Why is Carl Woese an important figure in microbial classification and taxonomy?

Explain the differences between rep- PCR and AFLP compared to ribotyping, and state how each can be used in phylogenic studies.

Precambrian iron exists today primarily as________ in rocks.

Chemical reactions involving ________have been proposed as energy- yielding reactions for primitive organisms.

Explain the strengths and limitations of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses.

The earliest stromatolites were probably

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its________ and it is inferred indirectly from________ .

The rise in atmospheric oxygen, caused by the photosynthetic production of oxygen by the________, allowed for the origin of eukaryotes.

Eukaryotes originated after the rise in atmospheric oxygen.

Explain why life is now believed to have originated at hydrothermal springs on the ocean floor rather than on the surface of Earth.

When a new organism is described, certain procedures take place before its name and description become "official." Explain this process.

Microorganisms likely did not inhabit Earth's surface until

Molecular sequencing suggests that mitochondria arose from a group of prokaryotic organisms within the

The atmosphere of primitive Earth is usually classified as an oxidizing atmosphere.

The 16S rRNA sequence is an approximately 1,500 bp linear strand of single stranded RNA.

The hyperthermophilic members of the Crenarchaeota branch very close to the root of the universal tree.

If a population of cells occupies a particular niche in a habitat and shares a particular resource, it is called a(n)

Two organisms containing identical GC ratios are not necessarily related.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

Filters

The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called its and it is inferred indirectly from .