Question 1

If two organisms' GC ratio differs by more than 5%, the two organisms likely________ .

Accepted Answer

are not related and

Question 2

A sequence variant of a gene is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  allele. 
B)  nucleotide polymorphism. 
C)  ribotype. 
D)  mutation. 
A)  allele. 
B)  nucleotide polymorphism. 
C)  ribotype. 
D)  mutation.

Question 3

Which statement most closely expresses our present understanding?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chloroplast and the cyanobacteria are not closely (or specifically) related. 
B)  The chloroplast arose from within the cyanobacterial phylum. 
C)  The chloroplast is a descendent of the cyanobacteria. 
D)  The cyanobacteria are descendents of the chloroplast. 
A)  The chloroplast and the cyanobacteria are not closely (or specifically) related. 
B)  The chloroplast arose from within the cyanobacterial phylum. 
C)  The chloroplast is a descendent of the cyanobacteria. 
D)  The cyanobacteria are descendents of the chloroplast.

Question 4

The oxic atmosphere created conditions that led to the evolution of various new metabolic pathways, such as

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfate reduction. 
B)  iron oxidation. 
C)  nitrification. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  sulfate reduction. 
B)  iron oxidation. 
C)  nitrification. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 5

Approximately 4 billion years ago Archaea and Bacteria diverged as being distinct from each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

MLST involves sequencing several different________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of MLST involves sequencing several different________ ....

Question 7

The earliest RNA probably functioned in

Accepted Answer

A)  catalysis. 
B)  self- replication. 
C)  both catalysis and self- replication. 
D)  neither catalysis nor self- replication. 
A)  catalysis. 
B)  self- replication. 
C)  both catalysis and self- replication. 
D)  neither catalysis nor self- replication.

Question 8

DNA:DNA hybridization is a sensitive method for revealing subtle genetic differences because it measures the degree of sequence similarity in two DNAs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Why is the biological species concept useful for Eukarya but not meaningful for Archaea and Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A species is an interbreeding population

Question 10

A web- based algorithm used for aligning and identifying homologous sequences is called________.

Accepted Answer

basic loca

Question 11

Two eukaryotic organelles that are hypothesized to be the result of endosymbiotic uptake are the________ and the________ .

Accepted Answer

mitochondr

Question 12

Fluorescent phylogenetic probes are used extensively in

Accepted Answer

A)  microbial ecology. 
B)  rapid identification of specific species. 
C)  clinical diagnostics. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  microbial ecology. 
B)  rapid identification of specific species. 
C)  clinical diagnostics. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 13

Most bacterial phyla lack strong phenotypic cohesiveness.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The study of the diversity of organisms and their relationships is known a________s , which links together _ ________and ________, in which organisms are characterized, named, and placed into groups according to their natural relationships.

Accepted Answer

systematics / phylog

Question 15

Construct a chart to demonstrate the characteristics of the primary domains. Which characteristics can be found in each domain? Explain any overlapping characteristics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Construct a chart to demonstrate the characteristics...

Question 16

Draw a rooted phylogenetic tree containing seven organisms labeled A to G. Label your tree with the following terms: branches, extant taxa, nodes, and an outgroup.

Accepted Answer

To draw a rooted phylogenetic tree conta

Question 17

Explain the endosymbiotic theory. What is the evolutionary value of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

The theory states that a chemoorganotrop

Question 18

Which molecular technique requires the complementary strand of a nucleotide sequence of interest as a probe to identify its presence?

Accepted Answer

A)  FISH 
B)  AFLP 
C)  MLST 
D)  FAME 
A)  FISH 
B)  AFLP 
C)  MLST 
D)  FAME

Question 19

The substance that has been shown to catalyze various chemical reactions and that helped form the structured mounds surrounding hydrothermal springs on the ocean floor on early Earth is known as _________.

Accepted Answer

montmorill

Question 20

Although the microsporidia and the diplomonads are eukaryotic, they lack

Accepted Answer

A)  a true nucleus. 
B)  identifiable ribosomes. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a true nucleus. 
B)  identifiable ribosomes. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  all of the above.

Exam 16: Microbial Evolution and Systematics

If two organisms' GC ratio differs by more than 5%, the two organisms likely________ .

A sequence variant of a gene is called a(n)

Which statement most closely expresses our present understanding?

The oxic atmosphere created conditions that led to the evolution of various new metabolic pathways, such as

Approximately 4 billion years ago Archaea and Bacteria diverged as being distinct from each other.

MLST involves sequencing several different________ .

The earliest RNA probably functioned in

DNA:DNA hybridization is a sensitive method for revealing subtle genetic differences because it measures the degree of sequence similarity in two DNAs.

Why is the biological species concept useful for Eukarya but not meaningful for Archaea and Bacteria?

A web- based algorithm used for aligning and identifying homologous sequences is called________.

Two eukaryotic organelles that are hypothesized to be the result of endosymbiotic uptake are the________ and the________ .

Fluorescent phylogenetic probes are used extensively in

Most bacterial phyla lack strong phenotypic cohesiveness.

The study of the diversity of organisms and their relationships is known a________s , which links together _ ________and ________, in which organisms are characterized, named, and placed into groups according to their natural relationships.

Construct a chart to demonstrate the characteristics of the primary domains. Which characteristics can be found in each domain? Explain any overlapping characteristics.

Draw a rooted phylogenetic tree containing seven organisms labeled A to G. Label your tree with the following terms: branches, extant taxa, nodes, and an outgroup.

Explain the endosymbiotic theory. What is the evolutionary value of endosymbiosis?

Which molecular technique requires the complementary strand of a nucleotide sequence of interest as a probe to identify its presence?

The substance that has been shown to catalyze various chemical reactions and that helped form the structured mounds surrounding hydrothermal springs on the ocean floor on early Earth is known as _________.

Although the microsporidia and the diplomonads are eukaryotic, they lack

Microorganisms and Microbiology

A Brief Journey to the Microbial World

Cell Structure and Function in Bacteria and Archaea

Nutrition, Culture, and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Microbial Growth

Molecular Biology of Bacteria

Archael and Eukaryotic Molecular Biology

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses and Virology

Genetics of Bacteria and Arachaea

Genetic Engineering

Microbial Genomics

Phototrophy, Chemolithotrophy, and Major Biosyntheses

Catabolism of Organic Compounds

Commercial Products and Biotechnology

Bacteria: the Proteobacteria

Other Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotic Cell Biology and Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Viral Diversity

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Major Microbial Habitats and Diversity

Nutrient Cycles, Biodegradation, and Bioremediation

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Growth Control

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Microbial Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Microbial Pathogens

Wastewater Treatment, Water Purification, and Waterborne Microbial Diseases

Food Preservation and Foodborne Microbial Diseases

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Two eukaryotic organelles that are hypothesized to be the result of endosymbiotic uptake are the and the .

The study of the diversity of organisms and their relationships is known a________s , which links together _ and , in which organisms are characterized, named, and placed into groups according to their natural relationships.