Question 1

The _____ sum of squares is unique to the within-subjects design.

Accepted Answer

A)  between-groups 
B)  within-groups 
C)  total 
D)  subjects 
A)  between-groups 
B)  within-groups 
C)  total 
D)  subjects

Question 2

When conducting the one-way within-groups ANOVA, two F statistics are calculated, but only the subjects F statistic is of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A paired-samples t test is used when there are _____ groups, and a within-groups ANOVA is used when there are at least _____ groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  3; 2 
B)  2; 3 
C)  1; 3 
D)  1; 2 
A)  3; 2 
B)  2; 3 
C)  1; 3 
D)  1; 2

Question 4

What is the correct formula for between-groups degrees of freedom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ngroups - 1 
B)  n - 1 
C)  Ntotal - 1 
D)  n - 2 
A)  Ngroups - 1 
B)  n - 1 
C)  Ntotal - 1 
D)  n - 2

Question 5

Within-groups designs reduce error due to differences between the groups by using the same participants in each group.If differences are then observed between the groups, those differences are attributed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  extraneous variables. 
B)  differences between participants. 
C)  failure to control other important variables. 
D)  the manipulation of the independent variable. 
A)  extraneous variables. 
B)  differences between participants. 
C)  failure to control other important variables. 
D)  the manipulation of the independent variable.

Question 6

A researcher examines the effectiveness of different body lotions by having 12 participants apply four different lotions to the same, unique body locations daily for two weeks.For example, lotion #1 is always applied to the right thigh, while lotion #2 is applied to the upper right arm.How many post hoc tests will be needed to determine where significant differences occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  8 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  8

Question 7

What types of designs are normally preferred to reduce variability by reducing individual differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  between-groups designs 
B)  post hoc designs 
C)  within-groups designs 
D)  correlational designs 
A)  between-groups designs 
B)  post hoc designs 
C)  within-groups designs 
D)  correlational designs

Question 8

A researcher examines the effectiveness of different body lotions by having 12 participants apply four different lotions to the same, unique body locations daily for two weeks.For example, lotion #1 is always applied to the right thigh, while lotion #2 is applied to the right upper arm.The participants were randomly selected at a drugstore in a busy area.Which assumption for the ANOVA is met?

Accepted Answer

A)  random selection 
B)  normal population distributions 
C)  homoscedasticity 
D)  order effects 
A)  random selection 
B)  normal population distributions 
C)  homoscedasticity 
D)  order effects

Question 9

Order effects in a within-groups ANOVA can be resolved by using:

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling. 
B)  counterbalancing. 
C)  a larger sample size. 
D)  mean differences. 
A)  random sampling. 
B)  counterbalancing. 
C)  a larger sample size. 
D)  mean differences.

Question 10

Pet preference was compared for four different types of animals (dogs, cats, birds, and fish), using a one-way within-groups ANOVA with nine participants.The standard error was calculated as 0.19.What is the Tukey HSD value when comparing data for birds and fish given the following means for preference: Dogs M = 4.43, Cats M = 4.18, Birds M = 2.73, Fish M = 4.07?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.14 
B)  6.38 
C)  -6.38 
D)  -7.05 
A)  0.14 
B)  6.38 
C)  -6.38 
D)  -7.05

Question 11

Each participant experiences all levels of the dependent variable in a within-groups design.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Pet preference was compared for four different types of animals (dogs, cats, birds, and fish), using a one-way within-groups ANOVA with nine participants.The standard error was calculated as 0.19.Where are the significant effects for preference among these groups, given the following means for preference: Dogs M = 4.43, Cats M = 4.18, Birds M = 2.73, Fish M = 4.07?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preference for birds is significantly lower than for the other three groups, and there are no other differences among the mean preferences. 
B)  Dogs and cats are preferred over birds and fish, but there are no differences between the other groups. 
C)  Birds and fish are less preferred than dogs and cats, but there are no other differences present. 
D)  All post hoc tests were significant at the 0.05 level. 
A)  Preference for birds is significantly lower than for the other three groups, and there are no other differences among the mean preferences. 
B)  Dogs and cats are preferred over birds and fish, but there are no differences between the other groups. 
C)  Birds and fish are less preferred than dogs and cats, but there are no other differences present. 
D)  All post hoc tests were significant at the 0.05 level.

Question 13

A one-way within-groups ANOVA is also known as a _____ ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

A)  between-groups 
B)  single samples 
C)  repeated-measures 
D)  multiple groups 
A)  between-groups 
B)  single samples 
C)  repeated-measures 
D)  multiple groups

Question 14

Pet preference was compared for four different types of animals (dogs, cats, birds, and fish), using a one-way within-groups ANOVA with nine participants.The standard error was calculated as 0.19.What are the critical cutoffs for the two-tailed Tukey HSD tests for these data, assuming a p level of 0.05, given the following groups' means: Dogs M = 4.43, Cats M = 4.18, Birds M = 2.73, Fish M = 4.07?

Accepted Answer

A)  -4.0 and 4.0 
B)  -3.90 and 3.90 
C)  3.90 
D)  4.0 
A)  -4.0 and 4.0 
B)  -3.90 and 3.90 
C)  3.90 
D)  4.0

Question 15

In addition to hypothesis testing, effect size calculations are recommended as a way to assess:

Accepted Answer

A)  the power of the statistical analysis. 
B)  the number of subjects needed to correctly reject the null hypothesis. 
C)  where the significant differences exist among groups. 
D)  whether the significant differences found are large enough to matter. 
A)  the power of the statistical analysis. 
B)  the number of subjects needed to correctly reject the null hypothesis. 
C)  where the significant differences exist among groups. 
D)  whether the significant differences found are large enough to matter.

Question 16

For the data in the source table, what decision can be made about the hypotheses being tested? $$\begin{array} {| l |c| c | c c |} 
\hline \text { Source } & S S & d f & M S & F \
\hline \text { Between-groups } & 10.1 & 2 &5.05 \
\hline \text { Subjects } & 7.4 & 4 & 1.85 \
\hline \text { Within-groups } & 8.5 & 8 & 1.036 \
\hline \text { Total } & 26 & 14 & \
\hline
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

A)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis because the F statistic does not exceed the critical cutoff. 
B)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude there is no effect of the independent variable. 
C)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude there are differences among the levels of the independent variable. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude the independent variable has no effect. 
A)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis because the F statistic does not exceed the critical cutoff. 
B)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude there is no effect of the independent variable. 
C)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude there are differences among the levels of the independent variable. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude the independent variable has no effect.

Question 17

An advantage of the one-way within-groups ANOVA is that researchers can:

Accepted Answer

A)  use a nominal or ordinal dependent variable. 
B)  reduce within-groups variability by having the same participants in each group. 
C)  use a scale independent variable. 
D)  perform hypothesis testing but cannot measure effect size. 
A)  use a nominal or ordinal dependent variable. 
B)  reduce within-groups variability by having the same participants in each group. 
C)  use a scale independent variable. 
D)  perform hypothesis testing but cannot measure effect size.

Question 18

A researcher conducts a within-groups ANOVA, fails to find a significant F statistic for the independent variable, and finds an R2 value of 0.02.What does the effect size statistic tell the researcher about the research?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conventions for R2 indicate that this is a small effect, which would help to explain the nonsignificant F statistic. 
B)  This is a small effect and a significant F statistic will only be calculated if sample size is small. 
C)  The conventions for R2 indicate that this is a medium effect, which would encourage the researcher to collect more data in order to detect a genuine significant finding. 
D)  The conventions for R2 indicate that this is a large effect, and the researcher should recheck his or her math for the F statistic. 
A)  The conventions for R2 indicate that this is a small effect, which would help to explain the nonsignificant F statistic. 
B)  This is a small effect and a significant F statistic will only be calculated if sample size is small. 
C)  The conventions for R2 indicate that this is a medium effect, which would encourage the researcher to collect more data in order to detect a genuine significant finding. 
D)  The conventions for R2 indicate that this is a large effect, and the researcher should recheck his or her math for the F statistic.

Question 19

When calculating effect size for one-way within-groups ANOVA, variability between means is considered relative to total variability after removing the variability that can be accounted for by the participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which F statistic represents a new calculation as part of the within-groups ANOVA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fbetween 
B)  Fwithin 
C)  Fsubjects 
D)  Ftotal 
A)  Fbetween 
B)  Fwithin 
C)  Fsubjects 
D)  Ftotal

The _____ sum of squares is unique to the within-subjects design.

When conducting the one-way within-groups ANOVA, two F statistics are calculated, but only the subjects F statistic is of interest.

A paired-samples t test is used when there are _ groups, and a within-groups ANOVA is used when there are at least _ groups.

What is the correct formula for between-groups degrees of freedom?

Within-groups designs reduce error due to differences between the groups by using the same participants in each group.If differences are then observed between the groups, those differences are attributed to:

What types of designs are normally preferred to reduce variability by reducing individual differences?

Order effects in a within-groups ANOVA can be resolved by using:

Each participant experiences all levels of the dependent variable in a within-groups design.

A one-way within-groups ANOVA is also known as a _____ ANOVA.

In addition to hypothesis testing, effect size calculations are recommended as a way to assess:

For the data in the source table, what decision can be made about the hypotheses being tested? Source SS df MS F Between-groups 10.1 2 5.05 Subjects 7.4 4 1.85 Within-groups 8.5 8 1.036 Total 26 14

An advantage of the one-way within-groups ANOVA is that researchers can:

A researcher conducts a within-groups ANOVA, fails to find a significant F statistic for the independent variable, and finds an R² value of 0.02.What does the effect size statistic tell the researcher about the research?

When calculating effect size for one-way within-groups ANOVA, variability between means is considered relative to total variability after removing the variability that can be accounted for by the participants.

Which F statistic represents a new calculation as part of the within-groups ANOVA?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

Exam 13: One-Way Within-Groups Anova

The _____ sum of squares is unique to the within-subjects design.

When conducting the one-way within-groups ANOVA, two F statistics are calculated, but only the subjects F statistic is of interest.

A paired-samples t test is used when there are _____ groups, and a within-groups ANOVA is used when there are at least _____ groups.

What is the correct formula for between-groups degrees of freedom?

Within-groups designs reduce error due to differences between the groups by using the same participants in each group.If differences are then observed between the groups, those differences are attributed to:

What types of designs are normally preferred to reduce variability by reducing individual differences?

Order effects in a within-groups ANOVA can be resolved by using:

Each participant experiences all levels of the dependent variable in a within-groups design.

A one-way within-groups ANOVA is also known as a _____ ANOVA.

In addition to hypothesis testing, effect size calculations are recommended as a way to assess:

For the data in the source table, what decision can be made about the hypotheses being tested? Source SS df MS F Between-groups 10.1 2 5.05 Subjects 7.4 4 1.85 Within-groups 8.5 8 1.036 Total 26 14

An advantage of the one-way within-groups ANOVA is that researchers can:

A researcher conducts a within-groups ANOVA, fails to find a significant F statistic for the independent variable, and finds an R2 value of 0.02.What does the effect size statistic tell the researcher about the research?

When calculating effect size for one-way within-groups ANOVA, variability between means is considered relative to total variability after removing the variability that can be accounted for by the participants.

Which F statistic represents a new calculation as part of the within-groups ANOVA?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Between-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

A paired-samples t test is used when there are _ groups, and a within-groups ANOVA is used when there are at least _ groups.

A researcher conducts a within-groups ANOVA, fails to find a significant F statistic for the independent variable, and finds an R² value of 0.02.What does the effect size statistic tell the researcher about the research?