Question 1

According to Cohen's conventions, an R2 of 0.01 is considered to be a(n) _____ effect size.

Accepted Answer

A)  small 
B)  medium 
C)  large 
D)  erroneous 
A)  small 
B)  medium 
C)  large 
D)  erroneous A

Question 2

When F is significant:

Accepted Answer

A)  the values of the means that are closest together are the only ones that are significant. 
B)  the values of the means that are farthest apart are the only ones that are significant. 
C)  we do not know which specific means differ significantly. 
D)  we fail to reject the null hypothesis. 
A)  the values of the means that are closest together are the only ones that are significant. 
B)  the values of the means that are farthest apart are the only ones that are significant. 
C)  we do not know which specific means differ significantly. 
D)  we fail to reject the null hypothesis. C

Question 3

To test the assumption of homoscedasticity, check to see if the largest variance is not more than twice the smallest variance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

If the p level is 0.05 and the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of making a Type I error (i.e., that one will fail to reject the null hypothesis)?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.05 
B)  0.90 
C)  0.95 
D)  0.00 
A)  0.05 
B)  0.90 
C)  0.95 
D)  0.00

Question 5

A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a difference between means that we expected just by chance. 
B)  There is a difference between means that is larger than we would predict by chance. 
C)  There is no difference between means, which is what we would expect by chance. 
D)  There is no difference between means. 
A)  There is a difference between means that we expected just by chance. 
B)  There is a difference between means that is larger than we would predict by chance. 
C)  There is no difference between means, which is what we would expect by chance. 
D)  There is no difference between means.

Question 6

In which situation would it NOT be appropriate to use a one-way ANOVA?

Accepted Answer

A)  A researcher is interested in a longitudinal study that follows a group of kindergarten children through high school and assesses their body mass index at four time points. 
B)  A researcher classifies a group of college students on the basis of their political leanings as liberal, conservative, libertarian, or green. 
C)  A researcher is interested in the effects of distraction on driving performance and randomly assigns participants to one of three distraction groups. 
D)  A researcher is interested in whether a sensitivity training class changes attitudes toward minority populations.The researcher assesses these attitudes before, immediately after, and 6 months after the sensitivity training class. 
A)  A researcher is interested in a longitudinal study that follows a group of kindergarten children through high school and assesses their body mass index at four time points. 
B)  A researcher classifies a group of college students on the basis of their political leanings as liberal, conservative, libertarian, or green. 
C)  A researcher is interested in the effects of distraction on driving performance and randomly assigns participants to one of three distraction groups. 
D)  A researcher is interested in whether a sensitivity training class changes attitudes toward minority populations.The researcher assesses these attitudes before, immediately after, and 6 months after the sensitivity training class.

Question 7

For the three statistics F, z, and t, divide _____ variability by _____ variability to analyze the relation between variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  within-groups; between-groups 
B)  within-groups; standard deviation 
C)  between-groups; within-groups 
D)  between-groups; random error 
A)  within-groups; between-groups 
B)  within-groups; standard deviation 
C)  between-groups; within-groups 
D)  between-groups; random error

Question 8

The Bonferroni is a more conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Populations that have the same variance are referred to as homoscedastic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

An F statistic calculated on 3 and 48 degrees of freedom equals 2.70.Which decision should be made about a hypothesis tested at the p = 0.05 level?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude there are differences among the groups. 
B)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude no significant differences are indicated among the groups. 
C)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude there are differences among the groups. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude no significant differences are indicated among the groups. 
A)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude there are differences among the groups. 
B)  Fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude no significant differences are indicated among the groups. 
C)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude there are differences among the groups. 
D)  Reject the null hypothesis and conclude no significant differences are indicated among the groups.

Question 11

When conducting a Bonferroni test, we divide the overall p level by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  F statistic. 
B)  critical F value. 
C)  total number of participants. 
D)  number of comparisons. 
A)  F statistic. 
B)  critical F value. 
C)  total number of participants. 
D)  number of comparisons.

Question 12

Homoscedasticity can be tested for by:

Accepted Answer

A)  making sure that the within-groups variance is no more than two times the between-groups variance. 
B)  making sure that the largest sample variance is no more than two times the smallest variance. 
C)  using ANOVA. 
D)  making sure that the largest sample variance is no more than five times the smallest sample variance. 
A)  making sure that the within-groups variance is no more than two times the between-groups variance. 
B)  making sure that the largest sample variance is no more than two times the smallest variance. 
C)  using ANOVA. 
D)  making sure that the largest sample variance is no more than five times the smallest sample variance.

Question 13

R2 is the proportion of variance in the dependent variable accounted for by the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The symbol for variance in ANOVA is:

Accepted Answer

A)  s2, which stands for standard deviation squared. 
B)  MS, which stands for mean squared. 
C)  SD2, which stands for standard deviation squared. 
D)  MS2, which stands for means squared. 
A)  s2, which stands for standard deviation squared. 
B)  MS, which stands for mean squared. 
C)  SD2, which stands for standard deviation squared. 
D)  MS2, which stands for means squared.

Question 15

What is the third step Henry should follow for hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Identify population 1 as all beach inhabitants on the island, population 2 as all valley inhabitants on the island, and population 3 as all mountain inhabitants on the island.He should also use a t distribution to make comparisons employing a paired-samples t test. 
B)  State the null hypothesis-there is no difference between locations on the effectiveness of scare tactics in manipulating behavior-and the research hypothesis-at least one group of island inhabitants will exhibit different behaviors as a result of the scare tactics. 
C)  Use the F distribution with 2 and 51 degrees of freedom. 
D)  Identify population 1 as all beach inhabitants on the island, population 2 as all valley inhabitants on the island, and population 3 as all mountain inhabitants on the island.He should also use an F distribution with a one-way between-groups ANOVA. 
A)  Identify population 1 as all beach inhabitants on the island, population 2 as all valley inhabitants on the island, and population 3 as all mountain inhabitants on the island.He should also use a t distribution to make comparisons employing a paired-samples t test. 
B)  State the null hypothesis-there is no difference between locations on the effectiveness of scare tactics in manipulating behavior-and the research hypothesis-at least one group of island inhabitants will exhibit different behaviors as a result of the scare tactics. 
C)  Use the F distribution with 2 and 51 degrees of freedom. 
D)  Identify population 1 as all beach inhabitants on the island, population 2 as all valley inhabitants on the island, and population 3 as all mountain inhabitants on the island.He should also use an F distribution with a one-way between-groups ANOVA.

Question 16

Using the Bonferroni post hoc test, the overall probability of making a Type I error can be kept at a p level of 0.05 by:

Accepted Answer

A)  dividing 0.05 by the number of comparisons you plan to make and using the result as the p level for each comparison. 
B)  dividing 0.05 by 2 and using the result as the p level for each comparison. 
C)  determining the amount of difference you should have between each of your means based on a p level of 0.01. 
D)  finding the honestly significant difference. 
A)  dividing 0.05 by the number of comparisons you plan to make and using the result as the p level for each comparison. 
B)  dividing 0.05 by 2 and using the result as the p level for each comparison. 
C)  determining the amount of difference you should have between each of your means based on a p level of 0.01. 
D)  finding the honestly significant difference.

Question 17

Interested in the effects of different kinds of instruction on video game performance, Martin asks 30 college freshmen to each play one hour of Ratchet and Klank..Participants are randomly assigned to one of three instruction groups: (1) complete the tasks as quickly as possible, (2) conserve as much health as possible find gold bolts (worth lots of money in equipment and ammunition).Obviously, even in a single instruction group, not all players will obtain the same final score.These differences in an instruction group reflect:

Accepted Answer

A)  between-groups variance. 
B)  within-groups variance. 
C)  effects of instruction. 
D)  effects of confounding variables. 
A)  between-groups variance. 
B)  within-groups variance. 
C)  effects of instruction. 
D)  effects of confounding variables.

Question 18

As the variability of between-groups means increases, the F statistic decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A Tukey HSD is computed to compare two groups following an ANOVA that compared five groups.The within-groups degrees of freedom for the test are 7, and the computed HSD value is 6.24.What could be concluded about this analysis if evaluated at a p level of 0.05?

Accepted Answer

A)  The test statistic failed to exceed the cutoff, so there is no indication of a difference between these two groups. 
B)  The test statistic exceeded the critical cutoff, indicating equality of these two groups. 
C)  The test statistic is significant, revealing a statistical difference between the two groups. 
D)  There is not enough information to make a conclusion. 
A)  The test statistic failed to exceed the cutoff, so there is no indication of a difference between these two groups. 
B)  The test statistic exceeded the critical cutoff, indicating equality of these two groups. 
C)  The test statistic is significant, revealing a statistical difference between the two groups. 
D)  There is not enough information to make a conclusion.

Question 20

Interested in the effects of different kinds of instruction on video game performance, Martin asks 30 college freshmen to each play one hour of Ratchet and Klank.Participants are randomly assigned to one of three instruction groups: (1) complete the tasks as quickly as possible, (2) conserve as much health as possible find gold bolts (worth lots of money in equipment and ammunition).If Martin averages the scores for each instruction group and then compares them, any differences in the means of the instruction groups reflect:

Accepted Answer

A)  individual differences in hand-eye coordination. 
B)  inherent differences in the ability of the college freshmen to play video games. 
C)  within-groups variance. 
D)  between-groups variance. 
A)  individual differences in hand-eye coordination. 
B)  inherent differences in the ability of the college freshmen to play video games. 
C)  within-groups variance. 
D)  between-groups variance.

According to Cohen's conventions, an R² of 0.01 is considered to be a(n) _____ effect size.

When F is significant:

To test the assumption of homoscedasticity, check to see if the largest variance is not more than twice the smallest variance.

If the p level is 0.05 and the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of making a Type I error (i.e., that one will fail to reject the null hypothesis)?

A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

In which situation would it NOT be appropriate to use a one-way ANOVA?

For the three statistics F, z, and t, divide _ variability by _ variability to analyze the relation between variables.

The Bonferroni is a more conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

Populations that have the same variance are referred to as homoscedastic.

An F statistic calculated on 3 and 48 degrees of freedom equals 2.70.Which decision should be made about a hypothesis tested at the p = 0.05 level?

When conducting a Bonferroni test, we divide the overall p level by the:

Homoscedasticity can be tested for by:

R² is the proportion of variance in the dependent variable accounted for by the independent variable.

The symbol for variance in ANOVA is:

What is the third step Henry should follow for hypothesis testing?

Using the Bonferroni post hoc test, the overall probability of making a Type I error can be kept at a p level of 0.05 by:

As the variability of between-groups means increases, the F statistic decreases.

A Tukey HSD is computed to compare two groups following an ANOVA that compared five groups.The within-groups degrees of freedom for the test are 7, and the computed HSD value is 6.24.What could be concluded about this analysis if evaluated at a p level of 0.05?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

Exam 12: One-Way Between-Groups Anova

According to Cohen's conventions, an R2 of 0.01 is considered to be a(n) _____ effect size.

When F is significant:

To test the assumption of homoscedasticity, check to see if the largest variance is not more than twice the smallest variance.

If the p level is 0.05 and the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of making a Type I error (i.e., that one will fail to reject the null hypothesis)?

A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

In which situation would it NOT be appropriate to use a one-way ANOVA?

For the three statistics F, z, and t, divide _____ variability by _____ variability to analyze the relation between variables.

The Bonferroni is a more conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

Populations that have the same variance are referred to as homoscedastic.

An F statistic calculated on 3 and 48 degrees of freedom equals 2.70.Which decision should be made about a hypothesis tested at the p = 0.05 level?

When conducting a Bonferroni test, we divide the overall p level by the:

Homoscedasticity can be tested for by:

R2 is the proportion of variance in the dependent variable accounted for by the independent variable.

The symbol for variance in ANOVA is:

What is the third step Henry should follow for hypothesis testing?

Using the Bonferroni post hoc test, the overall probability of making a Type I error can be kept at a p level of 0.05 by:

As the variability of between-groups means increases, the F statistic decreases.

A Tukey HSD is computed to compare two groups following an ANOVA that compared five groups.The within-groups degrees of freedom for the test are 7, and the computed HSD value is 6.24.What could be concluded about this analysis if evaluated at a p level of 0.05?

An Introduction to Statistics and Research Design

Frequency Distributions

Visual Displays of Data

Central Tendency and Variability

Sampling and Probability

The Normal Curve, Standardization and Z Scores

Hypothesis Testing With Z Tests

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

The Single-Sample T Test

The Paired-Samples T Test

The Independent-Samples T Test

One-Way Within-Groups Anova

Two-Way Between-Groups Anova

Correlation

Regression

Chi-Square Tess

Choosing and Reporting Statistics

Filters

According to Cohen's conventions, an R² of 0.01 is considered to be a(n) _____ effect size.

For the three statistics F, z, and t, divide _ variability by _ variability to analyze the relation between variables.

R² is the proportion of variance in the dependent variable accounted for by the independent variable.