Question 1

(S ⊃ Q) • (∼W ⊃ ∼C)

Accepted Answer

A)  MP-valid. 
B)  Invalid. 
C)  DD-valid. 
D)  CD-valid. 
E)  DD-invalid. 
A)  MP-valid. 
B)  Invalid. 
C)  DD-valid. 
D)  CD-valid. 
E)  DD-invalid.

Question 2

Statement 1I
Given the following statement:
(G • ∼ M) ⊃ (M ∨ G)
-Statement 1I is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Consistent. 
B)  Logically equivalent. 
C)  Tautologous. 
D)  Contingent. 
E)  Self-contradictory. 
A)  Consistent. 
B)  Logically equivalent. 
C)  Tautologous. 
D)  Contingent. 
E)  Self-contradictory.

Question 3

E ⊃ ∼T

Accepted Answer

A)  Modus ponens. 
B)  Constructive dilemma. 
C)  Pure hypothetical syllogism. 
D)  Invalid. 
E)  Disjunctive syllogism. 
A)  Modus ponens. 
B)  Constructive dilemma. 
C)  Pure hypothetical syllogism. 
D)  Invalid. 
E)  Disjunctive syllogism.

Question 4

Statement 1A
Given the following statement:
(N ⊃ K) ≡ (K ⊃ N)
-Statement 1A is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Contingent. 
B)  Inconsistent. 
C)  Consistent. 
D)  Tautologous. 
E)  Self-contradictory. 
A)  Contingent. 
B)  Inconsistent. 
C)  Consistent. 
D)  Tautologous. 
E)  Self-contradictory.

Question 5

In Proposition 1F, the main operator is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Dot. 
B)  Horseshoe. 
C)  Wedge. 
D)  Tilde. 
E)  Triple bar. 
A)  Dot. 
B)  Horseshoe. 
C)  Wedge. 
D)  Tilde. 
E)  Triple bar.

Question 6

If Movado offers a blue dial, then neither Fossil is water resistant nor Nautica promotes a titanium case.

Accepted Answer

A)  M ⊃ (∼F ∨ ∼N) 
B)  M ≡ ∼(F ∨ N) 
C)  M ⊃ (∼F • ∼N) 
D)  M ⊃ ∼(F ∨ N) 
E)  M ⊃ ∼F • ∼N 
A)  M ⊃ (∼F ∨ ∼N) 
B)  M ≡ ∼(F ∨ N) 
C)  M ⊃ (∼F • ∼N) 
D)  M ⊃ ∼(F ∨ N) 
E)  M ⊃ ∼F • ∼N

Question 7

K ⊃ R

Accepted Answer

A)  HS-valid. 
B)  CD-valid. 
C)  Invalid. 
D)  CD-invalid. 
E)  DA-invalid. 
A)  HS-valid. 
B)  CD-valid. 
C)  Invalid. 
D)  CD-invalid. 
E)  DA-invalid.

Question 8

In Proposition 2F, the main operator is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Triple bar. 
B)  Dot. 
C)  Tilde. 
D)  Wedge. 
E)  Horseshoe. 
A)  Triple bar. 
B)  Dot. 
C)  Tilde. 
D)  Wedge. 
E)  Horseshoe.

Question 9

(∼M ⊃ E) • (K ⊃ ∼C) K ∨ ∼M
E ∨ ∼C

Accepted Answer

A)  HS-valid. 
B)  CD-valid. 
C)  DD-valid. 
D)  MP-valid. 
E)  Invalid. 
A)  HS-valid. 
B)  CD-valid. 
C)  DD-valid. 
D)  MP-valid. 
E)  Invalid.

Question 10

Either Azmara or Seabourn do not open new boutiques provided that Princess improves its cuisine.

Accepted Answer

A)  P ⊃ (∼A ∨ ∼S) 
B)  (∼A ∨ ∼S) ⊃ P 
C)  (∼A • ∼S) ⊃ P 
D)  P ⊃ ∼(A • S) 
E)  ∼(A • S) ⊃ P 
A)  P ⊃ (∼A ∨ ∼S) 
B)  (∼A ∨ ∼S) ⊃ P 
C)  (∼A • ∼S) ⊃ P 
D)  P ⊃ ∼(A • S) 
E)  ∼(A • S) ⊃ P

Question 11

If Baylor's hiring new faculty implies that Rice increases enrollment, then Williams raises tuition if Smith expands course offerings.

Accepted Answer

A)  (R ⊃ 
B)  ⊃ (S ⊃ W) 
B)  (B ⊃ R) ≡ (S ⊃ W) 
C)  S ⊃ [(B ⊃ R) ⊃ W] 
D)  B ⊃ [R ⊃ S ⊃ W)] 
E)  (B ⊃ R) ⊃ (S ⊃ W) 
A)  (R ⊃ 
B)  ⊃ (S ⊃ W) 
B)  (B ⊃ R) ≡ (S ⊃ W) 
C)  S ⊃ [(B ⊃ R) ⊃ W] 
D)  B ⊃ [R ⊃ S ⊃ W)] 
E)  (B ⊃ R) ⊃ (S ⊃ W)

Question 12

If Disney promotes family cruises, then if either Holland remodels its staterooms or Regent enlarges its casinos, then Windstar diversifies its activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  [D ⊃ (H ∨ R)] ⊃ W 
B)  D ⊃ [(H ⊃ R) ⊃ W] 
C)  [(H ∨ R) ⊃ D] ⊃ W 
D)  D ⊃ [(H ∨ R) ⊃ W] 
E)  D ⊃ (H ∨ R) ⊃ W 
A)  [D ⊃ (H ∨ R)] ⊃ W 
B)  D ⊃ [(H ⊃ R) ⊃ W] 
C)  [(H ∨ R) ⊃ D] ⊃ W 
D)  D ⊃ [(H ∨ R) ⊃ W] 
E)  D ⊃ (H ∨ R) ⊃ W

Question 13

Honda's reducing inventory is a sufficient and necessary condition for Toyota's closing a factory; also, Nissan lays off workers only if either Chrysler or Fiat does not improve mileage.

Accepted Answer

A)  (H ⊃ T) • [N ⊃ ∼(C ∨ F)] 
B)  H ≡ {T ⊃ [N ⊃ (∼C ∨ ∼F)]} 
C)  [H ≡ (T • N)] ⊃ (∼C ∨ ∼F) 
D)  (H ≡ T) • [(∼C ∨ ∼F) ⊃ N] 
E)  (H ≡ T) • [N ⊃ (∼C ∨ ∼F)] 
A)  (H ⊃ T) • [N ⊃ ∼(C ∨ F)] 
B)  H ≡ {T ⊃ [N ⊃ (∼C ∨ ∼F)]} 
C)  [H ≡ (T • N)] ⊃ (∼C ∨ ∼F) 
D)  (H ≡ T) • [(∼C ∨ ∼F) ⊃ N] 
E)  (H ≡ T) • [N ⊃ (∼C ∨ ∼F)]

Question 14

∼N ∨ W

Accepted Answer

A)  MP-valid. 
B)  DA-invalid. 
C)  MT-valid. 
D)  DS-valid. 
E)  Invalid. 
A)  MP-valid. 
B)  DA-invalid. 
C)  MT-valid. 
D)  DS-valid. 
E)  Invalid.

Question 15

Given the argument: R ⊃ (G • D) / N ⊃ (A • L) / R ∨ N / L ⊃ K // D • K
This argument is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Uncogent. 
B)  Sound. 
C)  Invalid. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Cogent. 
A)  Uncogent. 
B)  Sound. 
C)  Invalid. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Cogent.

Question 16

Given the argument: B ∨ M / B ∨ ∼ K // (K ∨ ∼ M) ⊃ B
This argument is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; fails in 3rd line. 
B)  Invalid; fails in 2nd line. 
C)  Invalid; fails in 1st line. 
D)  Invalid; fails in 4th line. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Invalid; fails in 3rd line. 
B)  Invalid; fails in 2nd line. 
C)  Invalid; fails in 1st line. 
D)  Invalid; fails in 4th line. 
E)  Valid.

Question 17

Given the statement: (E ∨ ∼ H) • (H • ∼ E)
This statement is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Self-contradictory. 
C)  Tautologous. 
D)  Inconsistent. 
E)  Contingent. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Self-contradictory. 
C)  Tautologous. 
D)  Inconsistent. 
E)  Contingent.

Question 18

(Q ⊃ E) • (D ⊃ ∼E)

Accepted Answer

A)  CD-valid. 
B)  Invalid. 
C)  DD-valid. 
D)  MT-valid. 
E)  CD-invalid. 
A)  CD-valid. 
B)  Invalid. 
C)  DD-valid. 
D)  MT-valid. 
E)  CD-invalid.

Question 19

∼M

Accepted Answer

A)  AC-invalid. 
B)  MT-valid. 
C)  DS-invalid. 
D)  DA-invalid. 
E)  MP-valid. 
A)  AC-invalid. 
B)  MT-valid. 
C)  DS-invalid. 
D)  DA-invalid. 
E)  MP-valid.

Question 20

Statement 2E
Given the following statement:
(P ⊃ ∼ B) ∨ (B ⊃ ∼ L)
-Statement 2E is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Inconsistent. 
B)  Contingent. 
C)  Consistent. 
D)  Tautologous. 
E)  Self-contradictory. 
A)  Inconsistent. 
B)  Contingent. 
C)  Consistent. 
D)  Tautologous. 
E)  Self-contradictory.

(S ⊃ Q) • (∼W ⊃ ∼C)

Statement 1I Given the following statement: (G • ∼ M) ⊃ (M ∨ G) -Statement 1I is:

E ⊃ ∼T

Statement 1A Given the following statement: (N ⊃ K) ≡ (K ⊃ N) -Statement 1A is:

In Proposition 1F, the main operator is a:

If Movado offers a blue dial, then neither Fossil is water resistant nor Nautica promotes a titanium case.

K ⊃ R

In Proposition 2F, the main operator is a:

(∼M ⊃ E) • (K ⊃ ∼C) K ∨ ∼M E ∨ ∼C

Either Azmara or Seabourn do not open new boutiques provided that Princess improves its cuisine.

If Baylor's hiring new faculty implies that Rice increases enrollment, then Williams raises tuition if Smith expands course offerings.

If Disney promotes family cruises, then if either Holland remodels its staterooms or Regent enlarges its casinos, then Windstar diversifies its activities.

Honda's reducing inventory is a sufficient and necessary condition for Toyota's closing a factory; also, Nissan lays off workers only if either Chrysler or Fiat does not improve mileage.

∼N ∨ W

Given the argument: R ⊃ (G • D) / N ⊃ (A • L) / R ∨ N / L ⊃ K // D • K This argument is:

Given the argument: B ∨ M / B ∨ ∼ K // (K ∨ ∼ M) ⊃ B This argument is:

Given the statement: (E ∨ ∼ H) • (H • ∼ E) This statement is:

(Q ⊃ E) • (D ⊃ ∼E)

∼M

Statement 2E Given the following statement: (P ⊃ ∼ B) ∨ (B ⊃ ∼ L) -Statement 2E is:

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

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Exam 6: Propositional Logic

(S ⊃ Q) • (∼W ⊃ ∼C)

Statement 1I Given the following statement: (G • ∼ M) ⊃ (M ∨ G) -Statement 1I is:

E ⊃ ∼T

Statement 1A Given the following statement: (N ⊃ K) ≡ (K ⊃ N) -Statement 1A is:

In Proposition 1F, the main operator is a:

If Movado offers a blue dial, then neither Fossil is water resistant nor Nautica promotes a titanium case.

K ⊃ R

In Proposition 2F, the main operator is a:

(∼M ⊃ E) • (K ⊃ ∼C) K ∨ ∼M E ∨ ∼C

Either Azmara or Seabourn do not open new boutiques provided that Princess improves its cuisine.

If Baylor's hiring new faculty implies that Rice increases enrollment, then Williams raises tuition if Smith expands course offerings.

If Disney promotes family cruises, then if either Holland remodels its staterooms or Regent enlarges its casinos, then Windstar diversifies its activities.

Honda's reducing inventory is a sufficient and necessary condition for Toyota's closing a factory; also, Nissan lays off workers only if either Chrysler or Fiat does not improve mileage.

∼N ∨ W

Given the argument: R ⊃ (G • D) / N ⊃ (A • L) / R ∨ N / L ⊃ K // D • K This argument is:

Given the argument: B ∨ M / B ∨ ∼ K // (K ∨ ∼ M) ⊃ B This argument is:

Given the statement: (E ∨ ∼ H) • (H • ∼ E) This statement is:

(Q ⊃ E) • (D ⊃ ∼E)

∼M

Statement 2E Given the following statement: (P ⊃ ∼ B) ∨ (B ⊃ ∼ L) -Statement 2E is:

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters