Question 1

Movado and Nautica offer a black dial if and only if Piaget has a gold watch.

Accepted Answer

A)  (M ∨ N) ≡ P 
B)  (M • N) ≡ P 
C)  (M • N) ⊃ P 
D)  P ⊃ (N • N) 
E)  (P ⊃ M) • (P ⊃ N) 
A)  (M ∨ N) ≡ P 
B)  (M • N) ≡ P 
C)  (M • N) ⊃ P 
D)  P ⊃ (N • N) 
E)  (P ⊃ M) • (P ⊃ N)

Question 2

According to De Morgan's rule, ∼(P ∨ Q) is logically equivalent to:

Accepted Answer

A)  P ∨ Q 
B)  ∼P ∨ ∼Q 
C)  P • Q 
D)  ∼P • ∼Q 
E)  P ≡ Q 
A)  P ∨ Q 
B)  ∼P ∨ ∼Q 
C)  P • Q 
D)  ∼P • ∼Q 
E)  P ≡ Q

Question 3

Proposition 2E
Given the following proposition:
[∼ (A ∨ Y) ≡ (∼ X ⊃ B)] ∨ [∼ (Y • ∼ B) ⊃ (X ⊃ ∼ A)]
-In Proposition 2E, the main operator is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Horseshoe. 
B)  Dot. 
C)  Tilde. 
D)  Triple bar. 
E)  Wedge. 
A)  Horseshoe. 
B)  Dot. 
C)  Tilde. 
D)  Triple bar. 
E)  Wedge.

Question 4

∼D

Accepted Answer

A)  AC-invalid. 
B)  MP-valid. 
C)  DA-invalid. 
D)  MT-invalid. 
E)  HS-valid. 
A)  AC-invalid. 
B)  MP-valid. 
C)  DA-invalid. 
D)  MT-invalid. 
E)  HS-valid.

Question 5

∼S ⊃ ∼F

Accepted Answer

A)  MP-valid. 
B)  DS-invalid. 
C)  DA-invalid. 
D)  MT-valid. 
E)  DS-valid. 
A)  MP-valid. 
B)  DS-invalid. 
C)  DA-invalid. 
D)  MT-valid. 
E)  DS-valid.

Question 6

∼A

Accepted Answer

A)  AC-invalid. 
B)  DS-invalid. 
C)  MP-valid. 
D)  Invalid. 
E)  HS-valid. 
A)  AC-invalid. 
B)  DS-invalid. 
C)  MP-valid. 
D)  Invalid. 
E)  HS-valid.

Question 7

Statement 3I
Given the following statement:
[K • (P ∨ ∼ R)] • [K ⊃ (R • ∼ P)]
-Statement 3I is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Self-contradictory. 
C)  Tautologous. 
D)  Inconsistent. 
E)  Contingent. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Self-contradictory. 
C)  Tautologous. 
D)  Inconsistent. 
E)  Contingent.

Question 8

Proposition 2I
Given the following proposition:
[∼(X ∨ B) ≡ (∼ Y ⊃ ∼ X)] ≡ ∼[(A ⊃ ∼ Y) • ∼(∼ X ⊃ ∼ B)]
-Given that A and B are true and X and Y are false, determine the truth value of Proposition 2I.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Q ∨ ∼S

Accepted Answer

A)  DA-invalid. 
B)  DS-valid. 
C)  MT-valid. 
D)  Invalid. 
E)  MP-valid. 
A)  DA-invalid. 
B)  DS-valid. 
C)  MT-valid. 
D)  Invalid. 
E)  MP-valid.

Question 10

S ⊃ ∼C

Accepted Answer

A)  Modus tollens. 
B)  Affirming the consequent. 
C)  Denying the antecedent. 
D)  Modus ponens. 
E)  Invalid. 
A)  Modus tollens. 
B)  Affirming the consequent. 
C)  Denying the antecedent. 
D)  Modus ponens. 
E)  Invalid.

Question 11

Alaskan is sweet only if neither Heineken is balanced nor Pabst is clean tasting.

Accepted Answer

A)  A ⊃ (∼H ∨ ∼P) 
B)  A ⊃ ∼H • ∼P 
C)  ∼(H ∨ P) ⊃ A 
D)  A ⊃ ∼(H ∨ P) 
E)  (∼H ∨ ∼P) ⊃ A 
A)  A ⊃ (∼H ∨ ∼P) 
B)  A ⊃ ∼H • ∼P 
C)  ∼(H ∨ P) ⊃ A 
D)  A ⊃ ∼(H ∨ P) 
E)  (∼H ∨ ∼P) ⊃ A

Question 12

The truth table for Statement 2F has how many lines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Twelve. 
B)  Nine. 
C)  Four. 
D)  Six. 
E)  Eight. 
A)  Twelve. 
B)  Nine. 
C)  Four. 
D)  Six. 
E)  Eight.

Question 13

∼B ⊃ ∼J

Accepted Answer

A)  DA-invalid. 
B)  AC-invalid. 
C)  MP-valid. 
D)  MT-valid. 
E)  DS-valid. 
A)  DA-invalid. 
B)  AC-invalid. 
C)  MP-valid. 
D)  MT-valid. 
E)  DS-valid.

Question 14

Not both Travelers and Conseco run an ad if Liberty opens new offices.

Accepted Answer

A)  L ⊃ ∼(T • 
C)  
B)  ∼[C • (L ⊃ 
C) ] 
C)  L ⊃ (∼T • ∼
C)  
D)  ∼(T • 
C)  ⊃ L 
E)  (∼T • ∼
C)  ⊃ L 
A)  L ⊃ ∼(T • 
C)  
B)  ∼[C • (L ⊃ 
C) ] 
C)  L ⊃ (∼T • ∼
C)  
D)  ∼(T • 
C)  ⊃ L 
E)  (∼T • ∼
C)  ⊃ L

Question 15

If either Nationwide or Geico does not open new offices, then Metropolitan does not hire agents.

Accepted Answer

A)  (∼N ∨ ∼G) ⊃ ∼M 
B)  (∼N • ∼G) ⊃ ∼M 
C)  ∼(N ∨ G) ⊃ ∼M 
D)  ∼N ∨ (∼G ⊃ ∼M) 
E)  ∼[(N ∨ G) ⊃ M] 
A)  (∼N ∨ ∼G) ⊃ ∼M 
B)  (∼N • ∼G) ⊃ ∼M 
C)  ∼(N ∨ G) ⊃ ∼M 
D)  ∼N ∨ (∼G ⊃ ∼M) 
E)  ∼[(N ∨ G) ⊃ M]

Question 16

∼T ⊃ F

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid. 
B)  CD-valid. 
C)  HS-valid. 
D)  CD-invalid. 
E)  DA-invalid. 
A)  Invalid. 
B)  CD-valid. 
C)  HS-valid. 
D)  CD-invalid. 
E)  DA-invalid.

Question 17

Given the argument: A ⊃ (B • ∼ C) / B ⊃ (C ∨ A) / C ⊃ ∼ A // C ⊃ ∼ B.
This argument is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; fails in 6th line. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid; fails in 5th line. 
D)  Invalid; fails in 2nd line. 
E)  Invalid; fails in 3rd line. 
A)  Invalid; fails in 6th line. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid; fails in 5th line. 
D)  Invalid; fails in 2nd line. 
E)  Invalid; fails in 3rd line.

Question 18

∼Q ⊃ ∼R

Accepted Answer

A)  AC-invalid. 
B)  MP-valid. 
C)  HS-valid. 
D)  MT-invalid. 
E)  DA-invalid. 
A)  AC-invalid. 
B)  MP-valid. 
C)  HS-valid. 
D)  MT-invalid. 
E)  DA-invalid.

Question 19

Statement 3D
Given the following statement:
(M ⊃ ∼ E) ∨ (R ⊃ E)
-Statement 3D is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Tautologous. 
B)  Self-contradictory. 
C)  Contingent. 
D)  Inconsistent. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Tautologous. 
B)  Self-contradictory. 
C)  Contingent. 
D)  Inconsistent. 
E)  Valid.

Question 20

(H ∨ ∼S) • (G ∨ ∼A)

Accepted Answer

A)  MP-valid. 
B)  CD-valid. 
C)  DD-valid. 
D)  CD-invalid. 
E)  Invalid 
A)  MP-valid. 
B)  CD-valid. 
C)  DD-valid. 
D)  CD-invalid. 
E)  Invalid

Movado and Nautica offer a black dial if and only if Piaget has a gold watch.

According to De Morgan's rule, ∼(P ∨ Q) is logically equivalent to:

Proposition 2E Given the following proposition: [∼ (A ∨ Y) ≡ (∼ X ⊃ B)] ∨ [∼ (Y • ∼ B) ⊃ (X ⊃ ∼ A)] -In Proposition 2E, the main operator is a:

∼D

∼S ⊃ ∼F

∼A

Statement 3I Given the following statement: [K • (P ∨ ∼ R)] • [K ⊃ (R • ∼ P)] -Statement 3I is:

Proposition 2I Given the following proposition: [∼(X ∨ B) ≡ (∼ Y ⊃ ∼ X)] ≡ ∼[(A ⊃ ∼ Y) • ∼(∼ X ⊃ ∼ B)] -Given that A and B are true and X and Y are false, determine the truth value of Proposition 2I.

Q ∨ ∼S

S ⊃ ∼C

Alaskan is sweet only if neither Heineken is balanced nor Pabst is clean tasting.

The truth table for Statement 2F has how many lines?

∼B ⊃ ∼J

Not both Travelers and Conseco run an ad if Liberty opens new offices.

If either Nationwide or Geico does not open new offices, then Metropolitan does not hire agents.

∼T ⊃ F

Given the argument: A ⊃ (B • ∼ C) / B ⊃ (C ∨ A) / C ⊃ ∼ A // C ⊃ ∼ B. This argument is:

∼Q ⊃ ∼R

Statement 3D Given the following statement: (M ⊃ ∼ E) ∨ (R ⊃ E) -Statement 3D is:

(H ∨ ∼S) • (G ∨ ∼A)

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

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Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

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Exam 6: Propositional Logic

Movado and Nautica offer a black dial if and only if Piaget has a gold watch.

According to De Morgan's rule, ∼(P ∨ Q) is logically equivalent to:

Proposition 2E Given the following proposition: [∼ (A ∨ Y) ≡ (∼ X ⊃ B)] ∨ [∼ (Y • ∼ B) ⊃ (X ⊃ ∼ A)] -In Proposition 2E, the main operator is a:

∼D

∼S ⊃ ∼F

∼A

Statement 3I Given the following statement: [K • (P ∨ ∼ R)] • [K ⊃ (R • ∼ P)] -Statement 3I is:

Proposition 2I Given the following proposition: [∼(X ∨ B) ≡ (∼ Y ⊃ ∼ X)] ≡ ∼[(A ⊃ ∼ Y) • ∼(∼ X ⊃ ∼ B)] -Given that A and B are true and X and Y are false, determine the truth value of Proposition 2I.

Q ∨ ∼S

S ⊃ ∼C

Alaskan is sweet only if neither Heineken is balanced nor Pabst is clean tasting.

The truth table for Statement 2F has how many lines?

∼B ⊃ ∼J

Not both Travelers and Conseco run an ad if Liberty opens new offices.

If either Nationwide or Geico does not open new offices, then Metropolitan does not hire agents.

∼T ⊃ F

Given the argument: A ⊃ (B • ∼ C) / B ⊃ (C ∨ A) / C ⊃ ∼ A // C ⊃ ∼ B. This argument is:

∼Q ⊃ ∼R

Statement 3D Given the following statement: (M ⊃ ∼ E) ∨ (R ⊃ E) -Statement 3D is:

(H ∨ ∼S) • (G ∨ ∼A)

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters