Question 1

She eats when she's hungry.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some times she's hungry are times she eats. 
B)  Some times she's hungry are times she does not eat. 
C)  All times she eats are times she's hungry. 
D)  All times she's hungry are times she eats. 
E)  No times she's not hungry are times she eats. 
A)  Some times she's hungry are times she eats. 
B)  Some times she's hungry are times she does not eat. 
C)  All times she eats are times she's hungry. 
D)  All times she's hungry are times she eats. 
E)  No times she's not hungry are times she eats. D

Question 2

Some guitars are electronic devices. Therefore, some guitars are not electronic devices.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. A

Question 3

A spoiled brat is obnoxious.

Accepted Answer

A)  All obnoxious brats are spoiled. 
B)  All obnoxious people are spoiled brats. 
C)  All spoiled brats are obnoxious. 
D)  All brats who are not spoiled are people who are not obnoxious. 
E)  All spoiled brats are obnoxious people. 
A)  All obnoxious brats are spoiled. 
B)  All obnoxious people are spoiled brats. 
C)  All spoiled brats are obnoxious. 
D)  All brats who are not spoiled are people who are not obnoxious. 
E)  All spoiled brats are obnoxious people. E

Question 4

No A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradictory. (T) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
A)  Contradictory. (T) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Subcontrary. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.)

Question 5

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Some. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Some. 
E)  None of these.

Question 6

Some hectic vacations are not pleasant experiences. Therefore, some unpleasant experiences are not relaxed vacations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contraposition.

Question 7

Some pacific islands are tropical gardens. Therefore, some pacific islands are not tropical gardens.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary.

Question 8

Given the categorical proposition "All smugglers are shady characters." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  No smugglers are not shady characters. 
B)  Some smugglers are not shady characters. 
C)  All smugglers are not shady characters. 
D)  No smugglers are shady characters. 
E)  Some smugglers are shady characters. 
A)  No smugglers are not shady characters. 
B)  Some smugglers are not shady characters. 
C)  All smugglers are not shady characters. 
D)  No smugglers are shady characters. 
E)  Some smugglers are shady characters.

Question 9

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some non-B are not A. (F) 
D)  No non-A are B. (F) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.) 
A)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-A are B. (T) 
C)  Some non-B are not A. (F) 
D)  No non-A are B. (F) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.)

Question 10

Given the categorical proposition "Some teaching careers are not rewarding occupations." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
B)  All teaching careers are unrewarding occupations. 
C)  No teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
D)  All teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
E)  Some teaching careers are unrewarding occupations. 
A)  Some teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
B)  All teaching careers are unrewarding occupations. 
C)  No teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
D)  All teaching careers are rewarding occupations. 
E)  Some teaching careers are unrewarding occupations.

Question 11

Some A are B. (F) Some A are not B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (F) 
C)  Contradiction. (T) 
D)  Conversion. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T) 
A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (F) 
C)  Contradiction. (T) 
D)  Conversion. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T)

Question 12

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-B are A. (F) 
C)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (Und.) 
A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some non-B are A. (F) 
C)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (Und.)

Question 13

The only plants in this garden are weeds.

Accepted Answer

A)  All weeds are plants in this garden. 
B)  All plants in this garden are weeds. 
C)  All plants in this garden are things identical to weeds. 
D)  Some weeds are not plants in this garden. 
E)  All weeds are the only plants in this garden. 
A)  All weeds are plants in this garden. 
B)  All plants in this garden are weeds. 
C)  All plants in this garden are things identical to weeds. 
D)  Some weeds are not plants in this garden. 
E)  All weeds are the only plants in this garden.

Question 14

In each problem below, you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.  You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new statement.  Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
-All non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Contraposition. (T) 
C)  Contradiction. (F) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Contrary. (Und.) 
A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Contraposition. (T) 
C)  Contradiction. (F) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Contrary. (Und.)

Question 15

Some non-A are B. (T) No non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Contrary. (F) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contrary. (Und.) 
A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Contrary. (F) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contrary. (Und.)

Question 16

All of the vehicles except the jeeps broke down.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some jeeps are vehicles that broke down and some jeeps are not vehicles that broke down. 
B)  No jeeps are vehicles that broke down. 
C)  No jeeps are vehicles that broke down, and all vehicles that are not jeeps are vehicles that broke down. 
D)  All vehicles that are not jeeps are vehicles that broke down. 
E)  All vehicles that did not break down are jeeps. 
A)  Some jeeps are vehicles that broke down and some jeeps are not vehicles that broke down. 
B)  No jeeps are vehicles that broke down. 
C)  No jeeps are vehicles that broke down, and all vehicles that are not jeeps are vehicles that broke down. 
D)  All vehicles that are not jeeps are vehicles that broke down. 
E)  All vehicles that did not break down are jeeps.

Question 17

Sausages are not edible unless they are cooked.

Accepted Answer

A)  All uncooked sausages are not edible sausages. 
B)  Some cooked sausages are edible sausages. 
C)  All cooked sausages are edible sausages. 
D)  All edible sausages are cooked sausages. 
E)  No inedible sausages are cooked sausages. 
A)  All uncooked sausages are not edible sausages. 
B)  Some cooked sausages are edible sausages. 
C)  All cooked sausages are edible sausages. 
D)  All edible sausages are cooked sausages. 
E)  No inedible sausages are cooked sausages.

Question 18

All fire-breathing dragons are warm blooded lizards. Therefore, all warm blooded lizards are fire-breathing dragons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Valid.

Question 19

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint.)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 3. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1. 
C)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 3.

Question 20

Given the categorical proposition "No corporations are real persons." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  No real persons are corporations. 
B)  Some corporations are not real persons. 
C)  All corporations are real persons. 
D)  Some corporations are real persons. 
E)  No corporations are not real persons. 
A)  No real persons are corporations. 
B)  Some corporations are not real persons. 
C)  All corporations are real persons. 
D)  Some corporations are real persons. 
E)  No corporations are not real persons.

She eats when she's hungry.

Some guitars are electronic devices. Therefore, some guitars are not electronic devices.

A spoiled brat is obnoxious.

No A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quantity is:

Some hectic vacations are not pleasant experiences. Therefore, some unpleasant experiences are not relaxed vacations.

Some pacific islands are tropical gardens. Therefore, some pacific islands are not tropical gardens.

Given the categorical proposition "All smugglers are shady characters." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subalternation

Given the categorical proposition "Some teaching careers are not rewarding occupations." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some A are B. (F) Some A are not B.

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

The only plants in this garden are weeds.

Some non-A are B. (T) No non-A are B.

All of the vehicles except the jeeps broke down.

Sausages are not edible unless they are cooked.

All fire-breathing dragons are warm blooded lizards. Therefore, all warm blooded lizards are fire-breathing dragons.

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint.) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Given the categorical proposition "No corporations are real persons." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

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Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

She eats when she's hungry.

Some guitars are electronic devices. Therefore, some guitars are not electronic devices.

A spoiled brat is obnoxious.

No A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quantity is:

Some hectic vacations are not pleasant experiences. Therefore, some unpleasant experiences are not relaxed vacations.

Some pacific islands are tropical gardens. Therefore, some pacific islands are not tropical gardens.

Given the categorical proposition "All smugglers are shady characters." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some non-A are not B. (F) Subalternation

Given the categorical proposition "Some teaching careers are not rewarding occupations." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some A are B. (F) Some A are not B.

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

The only plants in this garden are weeds.

Some non-A are B. (T) No non-A are B.

All of the vehicles except the jeeps broke down.

Sausages are not edible unless they are cooked.

All fire-breathing dragons are warm blooded lizards. Therefore, all warm blooded lizards are fire-breathing dragons.

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint.) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Given the categorical proposition "No corporations are real persons." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters