Question 1

In the sentence "X _____ that p," which verb would cause p to be asserted?

Accepted Answer

A) agrees 
B) professes 
C) concludes 
D) discovers 
E) maintains 
A) agrees 
B) professes 
C) concludes 
D) discovers 
E) maintains

Question 2

Which of the following propositions uses punctuation to indicate whether a relative clause is restrictive or nonrestrictive?

Accepted Answer

A) The fear of cannibals, who are quite rare today, still haunts many people. 
B) Acid rain contains carbonic acid (H2CO3). 
C) The Great Depression affected economies in North America, Europe, and beyond. 
D) Economics, finance, business administration, and accounting are all majors in the university's College of Business. 
E) The Klingons are winning, but the battle is not yet lost. 
A) The fear of cannibals, who are quite rare today, still haunts many people. 
B) Acid rain contains carbonic acid (H2CO3). 
C) The Great Depression affected economies in North America, Europe, and beyond. 
D) Economics, finance, business administration, and accounting are all majors in the university's College of Business. 
E) The Klingons are winning, but the battle is not yet lost.

Question 3

Is it possible to have a proposition with no subject?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because the subject is simply whatever word appears first. 
B) No, because a proposition requires a subject. 
C) Yes, because whenever there is no subject, logic takes "you" to be the subject. 
D) Yes, because whenever there is no subject, logic takes "it" to be the subject. 
E) Yes, because a predicate by itself can be a proposition. 
A) No, because the subject is simply whatever word appears first. 
B) No, because a proposition requires a subject. 
C) Yes, because whenever there is no subject, logic takes "you" to be the subject. 
D) Yes, because whenever there is no subject, logic takes "it" to be the subject. 
E) Yes, because a predicate by itself can be a proposition.

Question 4

Does every sentence contain a clause?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because no sentence contains a clause. 
B) No, because most sentences do not contain connectives. 
C) Yes, there are two in every sentence: one in the subject and one in the predicate. 
D) Yes, because every sentence has a subject and a predicate. 
E) Yes, because every sentence includes the word "the," "a," or "an." 
A) No, because no sentence contains a clause. 
B) No, because most sentences do not contain connectives. 
C) Yes, there are two in every sentence: one in the subject and one in the predicate. 
D) Yes, because every sentence has a subject and a predicate. 
E) Yes, because every sentence includes the word "the," "a," or "an."

Question 5

What is the subject of the following proposition? "In a dream, my love, you will find my heart."-Rockell (In a Dream)

Accepted Answer

A) you 
B) dream 
C) my heart 
D) in a dream 
E) will find 
A) you 
B) dream 
C) my heart 
D) in a dream 
E) will find

Question 6

Is it possible that a sentence uses a connective, but only has one subject and one predicate?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because if a connective is used, there must be more than one subject. 
B) No, because the connective would not be joining anything. 
C) No, because if a connective is used, there must be more than one predicate. 
D) Yes, because the connective could join the subject to the predicate. 
E) Yes, because the connective could be serving as the verb. 
A) No, because if a connective is used, there must be more than one subject. 
B) No, because the connective would not be joining anything. 
C) No, because if a connective is used, there must be more than one predicate. 
D) Yes, because the connective could join the subject to the predicate. 
E) Yes, because the connective could be serving as the verb.

Question 7

What is the predicate of the following proposition? "Everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go."-Sarah Josepha Hale (Mary Had a Little Lamb)

Accepted Answer

A) went 
B) everywhere that Mary went 
C) was sure to go everywhere that Mary went 
D) was sure 
E) the lamb was 
A) went 
B) everywhere that Mary went 
C) was sure to go everywhere that Mary went 
D) was sure 
E) the lamb was

Question 8

Which of the following sentences expresses the idea that I am a Pisces without asserting it?

Accepted Answer

A) I am somewhat artistic because I am a Pisces. 
B) Since I was born in early March, I am a Pisces. 
C) As an astrologer, I know that I am a Pisces. 
D) I am a Pisces, and yet I am very talkative. 
E) If I am a Pisces, then I'm not a very good one. 
A) I am somewhat artistic because I am a Pisces. 
B) Since I was born in early March, I am a Pisces. 
C) As an astrologer, I know that I am a Pisces. 
D) I am a Pisces, and yet I am very talkative. 
E) If I am a Pisces, then I'm not a very good one.

Question 9

Can the word order of a proposition be changed in such a way that the new proposition is equivalent to the original?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because changing the word order will change the meaning. 
B) No, because equivalent propositions must have the same grammatical structure. 
C) No, because no two propositions are ever completely equivalent. 
D) Yes, because the two propositions could have exactly the same meaning. 
E) Yes, because changing the word order can never change the meaning of a proposition. 
A) No, because changing the word order will change the meaning. 
B) No, because equivalent propositions must have the same grammatical structure. 
C) No, because no two propositions are ever completely equivalent. 
D) Yes, because the two propositions could have exactly the same meaning. 
E) Yes, because changing the word order can never change the meaning of a proposition.

Question 10

In the sentence "X learns that p," whether or not p is asserted depends on:

Accepted Answer

A) whether the context is an educational environment 
B) whether it is possible to learn something that is false 
C) what p is 
D) who X is 
E) who is teaching X 
A) whether the context is an educational environment 
B) whether it is possible to learn something that is false 
C) what p is 
D) who X is 
E) who is teaching X

Question 11

Which of the following sentences contains a restrictive clause?

Accepted Answer

A) My friends always eat pizza on Fridays. 
B) The Japanese who eat lots of fish have fewer heart attacks. 
C) Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is like the Earth in many ways. 
D) If the weather is pleasant, we will go jogging this evening. 
E) Tides, which have many causes, are a powerful force of nature. 
A) My friends always eat pizza on Fridays. 
B) The Japanese who eat lots of fish have fewer heart attacks. 
C) Mars, the fourth planet from the sun, is like the Earth in many ways. 
D) If the weather is pleasant, we will go jogging this evening. 
E) Tides, which have many causes, are a powerful force of nature.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Every component proposition in a compound sentence is asserted. 
B) Each component proposition in a compound sentence may or may not be asserted. 
C) No proposition in a compound sentence is ever asserted. 
D) At most, only one proposition in a compound sentence is asserted. 
E) Compound sentences do not contain any propositions. 
A) Every component proposition in a compound sentence is asserted. 
B) Each component proposition in a compound sentence may or may not be asserted. 
C) No proposition in a compound sentence is ever asserted. 
D) At most, only one proposition in a compound sentence is asserted. 
E) Compound sentences do not contain any propositions.

Question 13

Which of the following sentences contains an ASSERTED proposition in a noun clause?

Accepted Answer

A) That she is lucky is obvious. 
B) "What does not kill me makes me stronger."-Friedrich Nietzsche (Twilight of the Idols) 
C) The sheep seemed to need a lot of guidance from the shepherd. 
D) The soldier hopes that the war will end soon. 
E) Maize is a grain that originated in the Americas. 
A) That she is lucky is obvious. 
B) "What does not kill me makes me stronger."-Friedrich Nietzsche (Twilight of the Idols) 
C) The sheep seemed to need a lot of guidance from the shepherd. 
D) The soldier hopes that the war will end soon. 
E) Maize is a grain that originated in the Americas.

Question 14

Which of the following pairs of propositions is equivalent?

Accepted Answer

A) Jack is tall.Jack is short. 
B) Jack is a lawyer.Jack is an attorney. 
C) Jack is tall.Jack is married. 
D) Jack is a Baptist.Jack is a Christian. 
E) Jack is a lawyer.Jack is married. 
A) Jack is tall.Jack is short. 
B) Jack is a lawyer.Jack is an attorney. 
C) Jack is tall.Jack is married. 
D) Jack is a Baptist.Jack is a Christian. 
E) Jack is a lawyer.Jack is married.

Question 15

A relative clause set off by commas is:

Accepted Answer

A) equally likely to be restrictive or nonrestrictive 
B) most likely restrictive 
C) most likely nonrestrictive 
D) definitely restrictive, but possibly nonrestrictive as well 
E) not truly a relative clause 
A) equally likely to be restrictive or nonrestrictive 
B) most likely restrictive 
C) most likely nonrestrictive 
D) definitely restrictive, but possibly nonrestrictive as well 
E) not truly a relative clause

Question 16

Which of the following sentences asserts the idea that this winter will be cold?

Accepted Answer

A) Because of the weather patterns of the last decade, this winter will be cold. 
B) The weather reporter says that this winter will be cold. 
C) If this year is like last year, then this winter will be cold. 
D) Either this winter will be cold or this summer will be hot. 
E) This winter will be cold if we don't have our furnace replaced. 
A) Because of the weather patterns of the last decade, this winter will be cold. 
B) The weather reporter says that this winter will be cold. 
C) If this year is like last year, then this winter will be cold. 
D) Either this winter will be cold or this summer will be hot. 
E) This winter will be cold if we don't have our furnace replaced.

Question 17

Can two propositions be equivalent if their predicates do not consist of the same words?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, but only if the subjects are worded identically. 
B) Yes, but only if the subjects are also worded differently from each other. 
C) Yes, because the predicates could have identical meanings. 
D) No, because the predicates must be identical. 
E) No, because they wouldn't be about the same topic. 
A) Yes, but only if the subjects are worded identically. 
B) Yes, but only if the subjects are also worded differently from each other. 
C) Yes, because the predicates could have identical meanings. 
D) No, because the predicates must be identical. 
E) No, because they wouldn't be about the same topic.

Question 18

Which of the following statements has a connective in the predicate?

Accepted Answer

A) Tubas and trumpets are brass instruments. 
B) Tubas have a deep sound, but trumpets have a higher sound. 
C) Tubas are heavy to carry, but they really add to a marching band. 
D) Tubas are heavy, burdensome instruments. 
E) Tubas are loud and have a deep sound. 
A) Tubas and trumpets are brass instruments. 
B) Tubas have a deep sound, but trumpets have a higher sound. 
C) Tubas are heavy to carry, but they really add to a marching band. 
D) Tubas are heavy, burdensome instruments. 
E) Tubas are loud and have a deep sound.

Question 19

Can a single sentence assert more than a single proposition?

Accepted Answer

A) No. 
B) Yes, but only if the sentence contains a comma. 
C) Yes, but only if the sentence contains a conjunction. 
D) Yes, because the sentence contains both a subject and a predicate. 
E) Yes, because the sentence may state several distinct facts. 
A) No. 
B) Yes, but only if the sentence contains a comma. 
C) Yes, but only if the sentence contains a conjunction. 
D) Yes, because the sentence contains both a subject and a predicate. 
E) Yes, because the sentence may state several distinct facts.

Question 20

Which proposition is equivalent to "The invitation was discarded as soon as it was opened"?

Accepted Answer

A) As soon as the invitation was opened, it was discarded. 
B) The person who opened the invitation discarded it right away. 
C) The invitation was opened first and then discarded. 
D) Whoever opened the invitation discarded it without replying. 
E) The invitation was opened, ignored, and thrown away. 
A) As soon as the invitation was opened, it was discarded. 
B) The person who opened the invitation discarded it right away. 
C) The invitation was opened first and then discarded. 
D) Whoever opened the invitation discarded it without replying. 
E) The invitation was opened, ignored, and thrown away.

In the sentence "X _____ that p," which verb would cause p to be asserted?

Which of the following propositions uses punctuation to indicate whether a relative clause is restrictive or nonrestrictive?

Is it possible to have a proposition with no subject?

Does every sentence contain a clause?

What is the subject of the following proposition? "In a dream, my love, you will find my heart."-Rockell (In a Dream)

Is it possible that a sentence uses a connective, but only has one subject and one predicate?

What is the predicate of the following proposition? "Everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go."-Sarah Josepha Hale (Mary Had a Little Lamb)

Which of the following sentences expresses the idea that I am a Pisces without asserting it?

Can the word order of a proposition be changed in such a way that the new proposition is equivalent to the original?

In the sentence "X learns that p," whether or not p is asserted depends on:

Which of the following sentences contains a restrictive clause?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following sentences contains an ASSERTED proposition in a noun clause?

Which of the following pairs of propositions is equivalent?

A relative clause set off by commas is:

Which of the following sentences asserts the idea that this winter will be cold?

Can two propositions be equivalent if their predicates do not consist of the same words?

Which of the following statements has a connective in the predicate?

Can a single sentence assert more than a single proposition?

Which proposition is equivalent to "The invitation was discarded as soon as it was opened"?

Classification

Definitions

Argument Analysis

Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Reasoning With Syllogisms

Propositional Logic-Propositions

Propositional Logic-Arguments

Predicate Logic

Inductive Generalizations

Argument by Analogy

Statistical Reasoning

Explanation

Probability

Filters

Exam 3: Propositions

In the sentence "X _____ that p," which verb would cause p to be asserted?

Which of the following propositions uses punctuation to indicate whether a relative clause is restrictive or nonrestrictive?

Is it possible to have a proposition with no subject?

Does every sentence contain a clause?

What is the subject of the following proposition? "In a dream, my love, you will find my heart."-Rockell (In a Dream)

Is it possible that a sentence uses a connective, but only has one subject and one predicate?

What is the predicate of the following proposition? "Everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go."-Sarah Josepha Hale (Mary Had a Little Lamb)

Which of the following sentences expresses the idea that I am a Pisces without asserting it?

Can the word order of a proposition be changed in such a way that the new proposition is equivalent to the original?

In the sentence "X learns that p," whether or not p is asserted depends on:

Which of the following sentences contains a restrictive clause?

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following sentences contains an ASSERTED proposition in a noun clause?

Which of the following pairs of propositions is equivalent?

A relative clause set off by commas is:

Which of the following sentences asserts the idea that this winter will be cold?

Can two propositions be equivalent if their predicates do not consist of the same words?

Which of the following statements has a connective in the predicate?

Can a single sentence assert more than a single proposition?

Which proposition is equivalent to "The invitation was discarded as soon as it was opened"?

Classification

Definitions

Argument Analysis

Fallacies

Categorical Propositions

Categorical Syllogisms

Reasoning With Syllogisms

Propositional Logic-Propositions

Propositional Logic-Arguments

Predicate Logic

Inductive Generalizations

Argument by Analogy

Statistical Reasoning

Explanation

Probability

Filters