Question 1

What type of vaccine involves host synthesis of viral antigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid vaccine 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine 
C)  conjugated vaccine 
D)  toxoid vaccine 
E)  subunit vaccine 
A)  nucleic acid vaccine 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine 
C)  conjugated vaccine 
D)  toxoid vaccine 
E)  subunit vaccine A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of live attenuated vaccine agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  They occasionally revert to virulent forms. 
B)  They require few or no booster immunizations. 
C)  The immune response generated by the vaccine closely mimics a real infection. 
D)  They stimulate by cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. 
E)  They elicit lifelong immunity. 
A)  They occasionally revert to virulent forms. 
B)  They require few or no booster immunizations. 
C)  The immune response generated by the vaccine closely mimics a real infection. 
D)  They stimulate by cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. 
E)  They elicit lifelong immunity. A

Question 3

The home pregnancy test kit is an example of a direct ELISA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine. 
A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine.

Question 5

A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A recent transfusion may have passively introduced the antibodies. 
B)  The patient may have had the disease and has recovered. 
C)  The patient may have the disease. 
D)  The patient may have been vaccinated. 
E)  The patient was near someone who had the disease. 
A)  A recent transfusion may have passively introduced the antibodies. 
B)  The patient may have had the disease and has recovered. 
C)  The patient may have the disease. 
D)  The patient may have been vaccinated. 
E)  The patient was near someone who had the disease.

Question 6

Design a serological test to detect botulinum toxin in food.

Accepted Answer

To design a serological test to detect b

Question 7

A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigen antibody reaction is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction. 
A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction.

Question 8

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis, a patientʹs serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a line forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. What type of test is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  a precipitation reaction 
B)  a direct ELISA test 
C)  a complement-fixation test 
D)  an agglutination reaction 
E)  an indirect ELISA test 
A)  a precipitation reaction 
B)  a direct ELISA test 
C)  a complement-fixation test 
D)  an agglutination reaction 
E)  an indirect ELISA test

Question 9

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose the fungal disease histoplasmosis, a patientʹs serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a precipitate forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. In this test process, what is the most likely identity of the material in the second well?

Accepted Answer

A)  red blood cells 
B)  a purified fungal antigen 
C)  a purified protozoan antigen 
D)  antibodies 
E)  entire fungal cells 
A)  red blood cells 
B)  a purified fungal antigen 
C)  a purified protozoan antigen 
D)  antibodies 
E)  entire fungal cells

Question 10

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen-forming lattices is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction. 
A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction.

Question 11

In a vaccine preparation, the term ʺattenuatedʺ means that the agent does NOT replicate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A highly specific diagnostic test will be unlikely to indicate a positive result if a specimen being tested is a true negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Table 18.1
Antibody Titer $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline & \text { Day 1 } & \text { Day } 7 & \text { Day 14 } & \text { Day 21 } \
\hline \text { Patient A } & 0 & 0 & 256 & 512 \
\hline \text { Patient B } & 128 & 256 & 512 & 1024 \
\hline \text { Patient C } & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \
\hline \text { Patient D } & 128 & 128 & 128 & 128 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-In Table 18.1, who is most likely protected from the disease, as observed by the test results over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient A 
B)  Patient B 
C)  Patient C 
D)  Patient D 
A)  Patient A 
B)  Patient B 
C)  Patient C 
D)  Patient D

Question 14

Western blotting uses antibodies to detect specific proteins in a mixture of proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Table 18.1
Antibody Titer $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline & \text { Day 1 } & \text { Day } 7 & \text { Day 14 } & \text { Day 21 } \
\hline \text { Patient A } & 0 & 0 & 256 & 512 \
\hline \text { Patient B } & 128 & 256 & 512 & 1024 \
\hline \text { Patient C } & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \
\hline \text { Patient D } & 128 & 128 & 128 & 128 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-In Table 18.1, who probably has the disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patients A and C 
B)  Patients A and D 
C)  Patients B and C 
D)  Patients C and D 
E)  Patients A and B 
A)  Patients A and C 
B)  Patients A and D 
C)  Patients B and C 
D)  Patients C and D 
E)  Patients A and B

Question 16

A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction. 
A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  complement fixation. 
C)  immunofluorescence. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  precipitation reaction.

Question 17

Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine. 
A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine.

Question 18

Monoclonal antibodies are used in diagnostic tests and disease treatments because they

Accepted Answer

A)  can be produced in large quantities. 
B)  are highly specific. 
C)  contain a mixture of antibodies. 
D)  are highly specific and they can be produced in large quantities. 
E)  are highly specific, they can be produced in large quantities, and they contain a mixture of antibodies. 
A)  can be produced in large quantities. 
B)  are highly specific. 
C)  contain a mixture of antibodies. 
D)  are highly specific and they can be produced in large quantities. 
E)  are highly specific, they can be produced in large quantities, and they contain a mixture of antibodies.

Question 19

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
B)  conjugated vaccine. 
C)  subunit vaccine. 
D)  toxoid vaccine. 
E)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
A)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
B)  conjugated vaccine. 
C)  subunit vaccine. 
D)  toxoid vaccine. 
E)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine.

Question 20

An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means that the test

Accepted Answer

A)  detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
B)  detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
C)  detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
D)  detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
E)  detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results. 
A)  detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
B)  detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results. 
C)  detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
D)  detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results. 
E)  detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results.

Exam 18: Practical Applications of Immunology

What type of vaccine involves host synthesis of viral antigens?

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of live attenuated vaccine agents?

The home pregnancy test kit is an example of a direct ELISA.

Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n)

A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Design a serological test to detect botulinum toxin in food.

A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigen antibody reaction is called a(n)

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis, a patientʹs serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a line forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. What type of test is this?

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen-forming lattices is called a(n)

In a vaccine preparation, the term ʺattenuatedʺ means that the agent does NOT replicate.

A highly specific diagnostic test will be unlikely to indicate a positive result if a specimen being tested is a true negative.

Table 18.1 Antibody Titer Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Patient A 0 0 256 512 Patient B 128 256 512 1024 Patient C 0 0 0 0 Patient D 128 128 128 128 -In Table 18.1, who is most likely protected from the disease, as observed by the test results over time?

Western blotting uses antibodies to detect specific proteins in a mixture of proteins.

Table 18.1 Antibody Titer Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Patient A 0 0 256 512 Patient B 128 256 512 1024 Patient C 0 0 0 0 Patient D 128 128 128 128 -In Table 18.1, who probably has the disease?

A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n)

Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n)

Monoclonal antibodies are used in diagnostic tests and disease treatments because they

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)

An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means that the test

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