Question 1

In a direct ELISA test to screen for drugs in a patientʹs urine, what is the third step in the test process?

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme-labeled antibodies against the drug being tested is added 
B)  substrate for the enzyme is added 
C)  antibody against the drug being tested is added 
D)  the patientʹs urine sample is diluted 
A)  enzyme-labeled antibodies against the drug being tested is added 
B)  substrate for the enzyme is added 
C)  antibody against the drug being tested is added 
D)  the patientʹs urine sample is diluted

Question 2

Table 18.1
Antibody Titer $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline & \text { Day 1 } & \text { Day } 7 & \text { Day 14 } & \text { Day 21 } \
\hline \text { Patient A } & 0 & 0 & 256 & 512 \
\hline \text { Patient B } & 128 & 256 & 512 & 1024 \
\hline \text { Patient C } & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \
\hline \text { Patient D } & 128 & 128 & 128 & 128 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
-In Table 18.1, who showed seroconversion during these observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient A 
B)  Patient B 
C)  Patient C 
D)  Patient D 
A)  Patient A 
B)  Patient B 
C)  Patient C 
D)  Patient D

Question 3

Which of the following is a test to determine the presence of soluble antigens in a patientʹs saliva?

Accepted Answer

A)  immunofluorescence 
B)  precipitation reaction 
C)  passive agglutination reaction 
D)  neutralization reaction 
E)  direct agglutination reaction 
A)  immunofluorescence 
B)  precipitation reaction 
C)  passive agglutination reaction 
D)  neutralization reaction 
E)  direct agglutination reaction

Question 4

Agglutination tests use particulate antigens while precipitation tests use soluble antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube #1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If tube #6 is the last tube showing agglutination, what is the antibody titer?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  1:6 
C)  1:32 
D)  32 
E)  64 
A)  6 
B)  1:6 
C)  1:32 
D)  32 
E)  64

Question 6

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutralization 
B)  complement fixation 
C)  precipitation 
D)  flow cytometry 
E)  agglutination 
A)  neutralization 
B)  complement fixation 
C)  precipitation 
D)  flow cytometry 
E)  agglutination

Question 8

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies. What is the fourth step?

Accepted Answer

A)  Culture the hybridoma in a selective medium. 
B)  A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. 
C)  Isolate antibody-producing B cells. 
D)  Vaccinate a mouse. 
E)  Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell. 
A)  Culture the hybridoma in a selective medium. 
B)  A B cell is activated to produce antibodies. 
C)  Isolate antibody-producing B cells. 
D)  Vaccinate a mouse. 
E)  Fuse a B cell to a myeloma cell.

Question 9

Isolated and purified hepatitis B virus surface antigen can be used in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine. 
A)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole-agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine.

Question 10

Describe an ELISA test to detect the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient.

Accepted Answer

ELISA, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent as

Question 11

Patientʹs serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemolysis 
B)  agglutination 
C)  hemagglutination 
D)  complement fixation 
E)  hemagglutination-inhibition 
A)  hemolysis 
B)  agglutination 
C)  hemagglutination 
D)  complement fixation 
E)  hemagglutination-inhibition

Question 12

The clumping of test red blood cells indicates a negative test result (no antibodies against the virus in the patientʹs serum) in the

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitation test. 
B)  indirect agglutination test. 
C)  direct agglutination test. 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
E)  complement-fixation test. 
A)  precipitation test. 
B)  indirect agglutination test. 
C)  direct agglutination test. 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
E)  complement-fixation test.

Question 13

Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  cells producing monoclonal antibodies 
B)  vaccinated animals 
C)  vaccinated animals, cells producing monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures 
D)  vaccinated animals and cells producing monoclonal antibodies 
E)  viral cultures 
A)  cells producing monoclonal antibodies 
B)  vaccinated animals 
C)  vaccinated animals, cells producing monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures 
D)  vaccinated animals and cells producing monoclonal antibodies 
E)  viral cultures

Question 14

Figure 18.1 is an illustration of a(an)

Accepted Answer

A)  negative indirect ELISA test. 
B)  positive indirect ELISA test. 
C)  complement fixation test. 
D)  precipitation test. 
E)  hemagglutination test. 
A)  negative indirect ELISA test. 
B)  positive indirect ELISA test. 
C)  complement fixation test. 
D)  precipitation test. 
E)  hemagglutination test.

Question 15

In your work in a county public health clinic, you encounter parents of a three -month-old who are considering not vaccinating their child. What concerns might the parents raise regarding vaccine safety? As a microbiology student and public health care worker, what do you say to these parents regarding the risks of not vaccinating their child?

Accepted Answer

The concerns that parents might raise re

Question 16

A vaccine against HIV proteins made by a genetically -engineered vaccinia virus that has infected a eukaryotic cell line is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  toxoid vaccine. 
B)  subunit vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
E)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine. 
A)  toxoid vaccine. 
B)  subunit vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  nucleic acid vaccine. 
E)  inactivated whole-agent vaccine.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about measles is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is preventable by vaccination. 
B)  Annually, it kills thousands of children worldwide. 
C)  It is a serious disease. 
D)  The disease has been eradicated in the United States. 
E)  Complications include pneumonia, encephalitis, and death. 
A)  It is preventable by vaccination. 
B)  Annually, it kills thousands of children worldwide. 
C)  It is a serious disease. 
D)  The disease has been eradicated in the United States. 
E)  Complications include pneumonia, encephalitis, and death.

Question 18

Which of the following tests is MOST useful in determining the presence of AIDS antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutralization 
B)  agglutination 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  indirect ELISA 
E)  direct fluorescent-antibody 
A)  neutralization 
B)  agglutination 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  indirect ELISA 
E)  direct fluorescent-antibody

Exam 18: Practical Applications of Immunology

In a direct ELISA test to screen for drugs in a patientʹs urine, what is the third step in the test process?

Table 18.1 Antibody Titer Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Patient A 0 0 256 512 Patient B 128 256 512 1024 Patient C 0 0 0 0 Patient D 128 128 128 128 -In Table 18.1, who showed seroconversion during these observations?

Which of the following is a test to determine the presence of soluble antigens in a patientʹs saliva?

Agglutination tests use particulate antigens while precipitation tests use soluble antigens.

In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube #1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If tube #6 is the last tube showing agglutination, what is the antibody titer?

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses.

Which of the following uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies?

The following steps are used to produce monoclonal antibodies. What is the fourth step?

Isolated and purified hepatitis B virus surface antigen can be used in a(n)

Describe an ELISA test to detect the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient.

Patientʹs serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

The clumping of test red blood cells indicates a negative test result (no antibodies against the virus in the patientʹs serum) in the

Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing?

Figure 18.1 is an illustration of a(an)

A vaccine against HIV proteins made by a genetically -engineered vaccinia virus that has infected a eukaryotic cell line is a(n)

Which of the following statements about measles is FALSE?

Which of the following tests is MOST useful in determining the presence of AIDS antibodies?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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