Question 1

Phage typing is based on the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial viruses attack only members of a specific species. 
B)  viruses cause disease. 
C)  bacteria are destroyed by viruses. 
D)  phages and bacteria are related. 
E)  Staphylococcus causes infections. 
A)  bacterial viruses attack only members of a specific species. 
B)  viruses cause disease. 
C)  bacteria are destroyed by viruses. 
D)  phages and bacteria are related. 
E)  Staphylococcus causes infections.

Question 2

Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both ferment lactose. 
B)  Both are motile. 
C)  Both are aerobic. 
D)  Both are gram-positive. 
E)  Each answer is equally important. 
A)  Both ferment lactose. 
B)  Both are motile. 
C)  Both are aerobic. 
D)  Both are gram-positive. 
E)  Each answer is equally important.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about archaea is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls. 
B)  Some produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. 
C)  Some are thermoacidophiles; others are extreme halophiles. 
D)  They are prokaryotes. 
E)  They evolved before bacteria. 
A)  They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls. 
B)  Some produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. 
C)  Some are thermoacidophiles; others are extreme halophiles. 
D)  They are prokaryotes. 
E)  They evolved before bacteria.

Question 4

The highest level in the current taxonomic hierarchy is ʺKingdom.ʺ

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Organism A has 70 moles % G+C, and organism B has 40 moles % G+C. Which of the following can be concluded from these data?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two organisms are related. 
B)  Their nucleic acids will completely hybridize. 
C)  The two organisms are unrelated. 
D)  The organisms make entirely different enzymes. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  The two organisms are related. 
B)  Their nucleic acids will completely hybridize. 
C)  The two organisms are unrelated. 
D)  The organisms make entirely different enzymes. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

Figure 10.4   In the cladogram shown in Figure 10.4, which two organisms are most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptomyces and Mycobacterium 
B)  Streptomyces and Micrococcus 
C)  Micrococcus and Mycobacterium 
D)  Mycobacterium and Lactobacillus 
E)  Streptomyces and Lactobacillus 
A)  Streptomyces and Mycobacterium 
B)  Streptomyces and Micrococcus 
C)  Micrococcus and Mycobacterium 
D)  Mycobacterium and Lactobacillus 
E)  Streptomyces and Lactobacillus

Question 7

Table 10.1 $\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. } & 9+2 \text { flagella } \
\hline 2 . & \text { Nucleus } \
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Plasma membrane } \
\hline 4 . & \text { Peptidoglycan } \
\hline 5 . & \text { Mitochondrion } \
\hline 6 . & \text { Fimbriae } \
\hline
\end{array}$
-In Table 10.1, which feature(s) is (are) found only in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 4, 5 
E)  4, 6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 4, 5 
E)  4, 6

Question 8

Figure 10.2 A nucleic acid hybridization experiment produced the following results.
  In Figure 10.2, which figure shows the most closely related organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  e

Question 9

If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude that they

Accepted Answer

A)  live in the same place. 
B)  will have different G-C ratios. 
C)  mated with each other. 
D)  will both ferment lactose. 
E)  evolved from a common ancestor. 
A)  live in the same place. 
B)  will have different G-C ratios. 
C)  mated with each other. 
D)  will both ferment lactose. 
E)  evolved from a common ancestor.

Question 10

One of the advantages of some newly developed rapid identification tools is that pure cultures are not needed. Why is a pure culture necessary for biochemical tests such as the Enterotube, but not for DNA probes?

Accepted Answer

A pure culture is necessary for biochemi

Question 11

Table 10.2
 I. Gram-positive
A. Catalase $+$
$\quad$1. Acid from glucose. $\quad$Staphylococcus
$\quad$2. Glucose$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Micrococcus
B. Catalase-
$\quad$1. Coccus.$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Streptococcus
$\quad$2. Rod $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Lactobacillus
II. Gram-negative
A. Oxidase-
1. Acid from lactose
$\quad$a. Uses citric acid.$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Citrobacter
$\quad$b. Citric acid$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Escherichia
2. Lactose-
a. $\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm {~S}$ produced
$\quad$(1) Urease positive.$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Proteus
$\quad$(2) Urease negative $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Salmonella
B. Oxidase $+$
$\quad$1. Rod.$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Pseudomonas
$\quad$2. Coccus. $\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$Neisseria
-Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram -negative coccus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Micrococcus 
B)  Neisseria 
C)  Pseudomonas 
D)  Staphylococcus 
E)  Streptococcus 
A)  Micrococcus 
B)  Neisseria 
C)  Pseudomonas 
D)  Staphylococcus 
E)  Streptococcus

Question 12

Figure 10.1
  
-In Figure 10.1, the closest ancestor for both species ʺa.ʺ and species ʺb.ʺ would be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 13

Data collected to date indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  marine mammals donʹt have an immune system. 
B)  marine mammals do not get infectious diseases. 
C)  new species of bacteria will not be discovered in wild animals. 
D)  humans and marine mammals cannot be infected by the same pathogens. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  marine mammals donʹt have an immune system. 
B)  marine mammals do not get infectious diseases. 
C)  new species of bacteria will not be discovered in wild animals. 
D)  humans and marine mammals cannot be infected by the same pathogens. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

Table 10.1 $\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \text { 1. } & 9+2 \text { flagella } \
\hline 2 . & \text { Nucleus } \
\hline \text { 3. } & \text { Plasma membrane } \
\hline 4 . & \text { Peptidoglycan } \
\hline 5 . & \text { Mitochondrion } \
\hline 6 . & \text { Fimbriae } \
\hline
\end{array}$
-In Table 10.1, which features are found in nearly all eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 5 
B)  3, 5 
C)  2, 3, 5 
D)  1, 4, 6 
E)  2, 3 
A)  1, 2, 5 
B)  3, 5 
C)  2, 3, 5 
D)  1, 4, 6 
E)  2, 3

Question 15

Western blotting is an immunological test used to identify the antibodies in the serum of an individual suspected of having Lyme disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A clone is

Accepted Answer

A)  a genetically engineered cell. 
B)  a mound of cells on an agar medium. 
C)  a taxon composed of species. 
D)  genetically identical cells derived from a single cell. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  a genetically engineered cell. 
B)  a mound of cells on an agar medium. 
C)  a taxon composed of species. 
D)  genetically identical cells derived from a single cell. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 17

In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the

Accepted Answer

A)  genus. 
B)  order. 
C)  kingdom. 
D)  family. 
E)  specific epithet. 
A)  genus. 
B)  order. 
C)  kingdom. 
D)  family. 
E)  specific epithet.

Question 18

Fossil evidence indicates that prokaryotic cells first existed on the Earth

Accepted Answer

A)  350 years ago. 
B)  3.5 billion years ago. 
C)  3.5 × 1012 years ago. 
D)  35000 years ago. 
E)  3500 years ago. 
A)  350 years ago. 
B)  3.5 billion years ago. 
C)  3.5 × 1012 years ago. 
D)  35000 years ago. 
E)  3500 years ago.

Question 19

Table 10.3
 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline & & { \text { Organism } } \
\hline \text { Characteristic } & \underline { \mathbf { A } } & \underline { \mathbf { B } } & \underline { \mathbf { C } } & \underline { \mathbf { C } } & \underline { \mathbf { E } } \
\hline \text { Morphology } & \text { Rod } & \text { Rod } & \text { Coccus } & \text { Coccus } & \text { Rod } \
\hline \text { Motile } & \text { Yes } & \text { Yes } & \text { No } & \text { No } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \text { Gram Reaction } & - & - & + & - & - \
\hline \text { Gllucose Utilization } & \text { Oxid. } & \text { Ferm. } & \text { Ferm. } & \text { Ferm. } & \text { None } \
\hline \text { \% G+C } & 58 - 70 & 50 - 51 & 30 - 40 & 47 - 52 & 58 - 70 \
\hline \text { Cytochrome oxidase } & \text { Present } & \text { Absent } & \text { Absent } & \text { Present } & \text { Present } \
\hline
\end{array}$$ Use the information given in Table 10.3 to answer the following questions. Which organisms are most closely related? On what did you base your answer? DNA from which organisms will probably hybridize?

Accepted Answer

Based on the information provided in Tab

Question 20

Which of the following characteristics indicates that two organisms are closely related?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their DNA can hybridize together. 
B)  Both are cocci. 
C)  Both are motile. 
D)  Both ferment lactose. 
E)  Both normally live in clams. 
A)  Their DNA can hybridize together. 
B)  Both are cocci. 
C)  Both are motile. 
D)  Both ferment lactose. 
E)  Both normally live in clams.

Exam 10: Classification of Microorganisms

Phage typing is based on the fact that

Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are related?

Which of the following statements about archaea is FALSE?

The highest level in the current taxonomic hierarchy is ʺKingdom.ʺ

Organism A has 70 moles % G+C, and organism B has 40 moles % G+C. Which of the following can be concluded from these data?

Figure 10.4 In the cladogram shown in Figure 10.4, which two organisms are most closely related?

Table 10.1 1. 9+2 flagella 2. Nucleus 3. Plasma membrane 4. Peptidoglycan 5. Mitochondrion 6. Fimbriae -In Table 10.1, which feature(s) is (are) found only in prokaryotes?

Figure 10.2 A nucleic acid hybridization experiment produced the following results. In Figure 10.2, which figure shows the most closely related organisms?

If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude that they

One of the advantages of some newly developed rapid identification tools is that pure cultures are not needed. Why is a pure culture necessary for biochemical tests such as the Enterotube, but not for DNA probes?

Figure 10.1 -In Figure 10.1, the closest ancestor for both species ʺa.ʺ and species ʺb.ʺ would be which of the following?

Data collected to date indicate that

Table 10.1 1. 9+2 flagella 2. Nucleus 3. Plasma membrane 4. Peptidoglycan 5. Mitochondrion 6. Fimbriae -In Table 10.1, which features are found in nearly all eukarya?

Western blotting is an immunological test used to identify the antibodies in the serum of an individual suspected of having Lyme disease.

A clone is

In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the

Fossil evidence indicates that prokaryotic cells first existed on the Earth

Which of the following characteristics indicates that two organisms are closely related?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Disease of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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