Question 1

How does the EPA affect environmental policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The EPA funds ecological studies that inform the executive branch about what environmental laws are needed. 
B)  The EPA develops rules and regulations based on laws passed by Congress. 
C)  The EPA passes laws that control environmental regulations. 
D)  The EPA determines which laws passed by the judicial branch apply to environmental policy. 
E)  The EPA has no jurisdiction over environmental policy. 
A)  The EPA funds ecological studies that inform the executive branch about what environmental laws are needed. 
B)  The EPA develops rules and regulations based on laws passed by Congress. 
C)  The EPA passes laws that control environmental regulations. 
D)  The EPA determines which laws passed by the judicial branch apply to environmental policy. 
E)  The EPA has no jurisdiction over environmental policy. B

Question 2

The General Mining Act of 1872 _.

Accepted Answer

A)  ensures that mining operations repair and restore an area when they are done mining 
B)  provides no governmental oversight to mining in the United States 
C)  was repealed in the 1970s 
D)  allows mining companies to mine land held by private citizens without compensating them 
E)  provides free equipment to promote mining in the West 
A)  ensures that mining operations repair and restore an area when they are done mining 
B)  provides no governmental oversight to mining in the United States 
C)  was repealed in the 1970s 
D)  allows mining companies to mine land held by private citizens without compensating them 
E)  provides free equipment to promote mining in the West D

Question 3

The World Bank was established in 1944 to .

Accepted Answer

A)  help weak governments by loaning money to heads of state for military infrastructure 
B)  fund economic development such as dams and irrigation projects in developing nations 
C)  fund international environmental studies of issues such as pollution and global warming 
D)  provide ease of banking for multinational corporations 
E)  fund international projects for developed nations, including dams on international rivers, multinational irrigation projects, and the spraying of herbicides and insecticides 
A)  help weak governments by loaning money to heads of state for military infrastructure 
B)  fund economic development such as dams and irrigation projects in developing nations 
C)  fund international environmental studies of issues such as pollution and global warming 
D)  provide ease of banking for multinational corporations 
E)  fund international projects for developed nations, including dams on international rivers, multinational irrigation projects, and the spraying of herbicides and insecticides B

Question 4

The "revolving door" .

Accepted Answer

A)  pairs environmental causes with lobbyists already working on other causes 
B)  is the movement of influential individuals between the private sector and government agencies 
C)  is illegal in most states 
D)  allows lobbyists to work for many political entities at the same time 
E)  allows corporate heads to work together on political legislation 
A)  pairs environmental causes with lobbyists already working on other causes 
B)  is the movement of influential individuals between the private sector and government agencies 
C)  is illegal in most states 
D)  allows lobbyists to work for many political entities at the same time 
E)  allows corporate heads to work together on political legislation

Question 5

Wetlands in the United States .

Accepted Answer

A)  have stayed about the same over the past 40 years 
B)  have decreased due to human development 
C)  have decreased due to natural causes, such as floods and hurricanes 
D)  have increased due to human development 
E)  have increased due to natural causes, such as floods and hurricanes 
A)  have stayed about the same over the past 40 years 
B)  have decreased due to human development 
C)  have decreased due to natural causes, such as floods and hurricanes 
D)  have increased due to human development 
E)  have increased due to natural causes, such as floods and hurricanes

Question 6

Which of the following regulates the discharge of wastes into rivers and streams?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxic Substances Control Act 
B)  Soil and Water Conservation Act 
C)  Clean Rivers Act 
D)  Safe Drinking Water Act 
E)  Clean Water Act 
A)  Toxic Substances Control Act 
B)  Soil and Water Conservation Act 
C)  Clean Rivers Act 
D)  Safe Drinking Water Act 
E)  Clean Water Act

Question 7

To control pollution, industry has been given limits and been threatened with punishment if these limits are violated. This approach is called _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  limit -and -manage 
B)  carrot -and -stick 
C)  command -and -control 
D)  end -of -the -alley 
E)  TBSS 
A)  limit -and -manage 
B)  carrot -and -stick 
C)  command -and -control 
D)  end -of -the -alley 
E)  TBSS

Question 8

According to the scenario, if the United States continues to lose wetlands at current rates, in approximately what year would the country run out of wetlands?

Accepted Answer

A)  2100 
B)  2180 
C)  2800 
D)  3800 
E)  4522 
A)  2100 
B)  2180 
C)  2800 
D)  3800 
E)  4522

Question 9

-Cap -and -trade is a system that .

Accepted Answer

A)  allows industries that pollute at levels below the federal cap to sell their extra permits to industries that pollute at levels above the cap 
B)  rapidly brings pollution emissions to near zero for participating industries 
C)  allows industries to set their own levels for pollution emission so trading can continue 
D)  has been repealed by Congress as useless in diminishing pollution 
E)  specifies a certain cap on industrial pollutants that can be traded to other nations 
A)  allows industries that pollute at levels below the federal cap to sell their extra permits to industries that pollute at levels above the cap 
B)  rapidly brings pollution emissions to near zero for participating industries 
C)  allows industries to set their own levels for pollution emission so trading can continue 
D)  has been repealed by Congress as useless in diminishing pollution 
E)  specifies a certain cap on industrial pollutants that can be traded to other nations

Question 10

One solution to address the problems caused by the pollution being emitted by the factory would be for the federal government to institute a command -and -control policy to set limits on the amount of pollution that the factory can discharge. What federal regulating agency would be responsible for instituting such a command -and -control policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congress 
B)  OSHA 
C)  USFS 
D)  EPA 
E)  Office of Management and Budget 
A)  Congress 
B)  OSHA 
C)  USFS 
D)  EPA 
E)  Office of Management and Budget

Question 11

Implementation and enforcement of statutory law is given to .

Accepted Answer

A)  administrative agencies 
B)  the legislative branch 
C)  oversight committees and private citizens 
D)  the judicial branch 
E)  watchdog groups 
A)  administrative agencies 
B)  the legislative branch 
C)  oversight committees and private citizens 
D)  the judicial branch 
E)  watchdog groups

Question 12

-This figure shows the results of inspections of gas drilling sites in Pennsylvania. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most inspected wells do not have integrity issues. 
B)  The number of wells with integrity issues peaked in 2008. 
C)  Environmentalists and inspectors have underestimated the number of wells that have integrity issues. 
D)  The more wells being inspected, the more likely the wells are to have integrity issues. 
E)  The number of wells inspected peaked in 2010. 
A)  Most inspected wells do not have integrity issues. 
B)  The number of wells with integrity issues peaked in 2008. 
C)  Environmentalists and inspectors have underestimated the number of wells that have integrity issues. 
D)  The more wells being inspected, the more likely the wells are to have integrity issues. 
E)  The number of wells inspected peaked in 2010.

Question 13

The Cuyahoga River in Ohio had been so polluted that it caught fire repeatedly from 1868 -1969, including a 1952 fire that resulted in nearly $1.5 million in damages. Amazingly, other rivers in the United States also caught fire during this period. Why didn't federal laws limiting pollution of rivers and streams prevent this pollution and these fires?

Accepted Answer

A)  This pollution went undetected by agents overwhelmed by the amount of work. 
B)  The federal laws preventing water pollution did not apply to Ohio, where this occurred. 
C)  The industries that polluted the water had been repeatedly fined for polluting and simply continued to ignore the laws. 
D)  There were no federal regulations of water pollution at that time. 
A)  This pollution went undetected by agents overwhelmed by the amount of work. 
B)  The federal laws preventing water pollution did not apply to Ohio, where this occurred. 
C)  The industries that polluted the water had been repeatedly fined for polluting and simply continued to ignore the laws. 
D)  There were no federal regulations of water pollution at that time.

Question 14

Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, published in the 1960s, _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  awakened the American public to negative effects of artificial hormones and GMOs 
B)  was concerned with birth defects in humans 
C)  focused on the dangers of pesticides and industrial chemicals 
D)  warned of the loss of bees and other insect pollinators from pesticide use 
E)  was the beginning of the first wave of U.S. environmental policy 
A)  awakened the American public to negative effects of artificial hormones and GMOs 
B)  was concerned with birth defects in humans 
C)  focused on the dangers of pesticides and industrial chemicals 
D)  warned of the loss of bees and other insect pollinators from pesticide use 
E)  was the beginning of the first wave of U.S. environmental policy

Question 15

-The Montreal Protocol was an international environmental treaty .

Accepted Answer

A)  that banned the sale and export of products made of ivory 
B)  that banned the sale and export of invasive species 
C)  whose goal was to protect the ozone layer 
D)  whose goal was to ban the proliferation of nuclear weapons 
E)  that was not approved by the U.S. because many lawmakers did not believe in global climate change 
A)  that banned the sale and export of products made of ivory 
B)  that banned the sale and export of invasive species 
C)  whose goal was to protect the ozone layer 
D)  whose goal was to ban the proliferation of nuclear weapons 
E)  that was not approved by the U.S. because many lawmakers did not believe in global climate change

Question 16

Sustainable economic and environmental policies will shift the focus from .

Accepted Answer

A)  national economic growth to global economic growth 
B)  productivity to economic growth 
C)  productivity to profits 
D)  economic growth to the well -being of humans 
E)  sustainability to productivity 
A)  national economic growth to global economic growth 
B)  productivity to economic growth 
C)  productivity to profits 
D)  economic growth to the well -being of humans 
E)  sustainability to productivity

Question 17

Statutory laws are created by _ _.

Accepted Answer

A)  the court system 
B)  Congress 
C)  the EPA and other federal agencies 
D)  local law enforcement 
E)  the executive branch 
A)  the court system 
B)  Congress 
C)  the EPA and other federal agencies 
D)  local law enforcement 
E)  the executive branch

Question 18

Green taxes .

Accepted Answer

A)  may affect consumers if the companies paying the taxes raise the price of their product 
B)  are taxes instituted on landscaping plants and trees to raise funds for projects promoting sustainable development 
C)  have been rejected by the European Union as being too costly to enforce 
D)  are paid by golfers in areas where sensitive habitat has been converted to golf courses 
E)  are widely supported and instituted in the United States 
A)  may affect consumers if the companies paying the taxes raise the price of their product 
B)  are taxes instituted on landscaping plants and trees to raise funds for projects promoting sustainable development 
C)  have been rejected by the European Union as being too costly to enforce 
D)  are paid by golfers in areas where sensitive habitat has been converted to golf courses 
E)  are widely supported and instituted in the United States

Question 19

The creation of our National Wildlife Refuge system has been credited to what U.S. president?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rutherford B. Hayes 
B)  Dwight Eisenhower 
C)  Richard Nixon 
D)  Theodore Roosevelt 
E)  Barack Obama 
A)  Rutherford B. Hayes 
B)  Dwight Eisenhower 
C)  Richard Nixon 
D)  Theodore Roosevelt 
E)  Barack Obama

Question 20

-In 2009, the G -20 nations agreed to _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  increase subsidies to fossil fuel industries by 10 -12% 
B)  double the subsidies to fossil fuel companies 
C)  postpone developing renewable energy resources until 2050 
D)  set a goal to produce 60% of their energy from clean, renewable sources by 2030 
E)  gradually phase out their fossil fuel subsidies 
A)  increase subsidies to fossil fuel industries by 10 -12% 
B)  double the subsidies to fossil fuel companies 
C)  postpone developing renewable energy resources until 2050 
D)  set a goal to produce 60% of their energy from clean, renewable sources by 2030 
E)  gradually phase out their fossil fuel subsidies

Exam 7: Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

How does the EPA affect environmental policy?

The General Mining Act of 1872 _.

The World Bank was established in 1944 to .

The "revolving door" .

Wetlands in the United States .

Which of the following regulates the discharge of wastes into rivers and streams?

To control pollution, industry has been given limits and been threatened with punishment if these limits are violated. This approach is called _ .

According to the scenario, if the United States continues to lose wetlands at current rates, in approximately what year would the country run out of wetlands?

-Cap -and -trade is a system that .

Implementation and enforcement of statutory law is given to .

-This figure shows the results of inspections of gas drilling sites in Pennsylvania. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data shown?

Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring, published in the 1960s, _ .

-The Montreal Protocol was an international environmental treaty .

Sustainable economic and environmental policies will shift the focus from .

Statutory laws are created by _ _.

Green taxes .

The creation of our National Wildlife Refuge system has been credited to what U.S. president?

-In 2009, the G -20 nations agreed to _ .

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Sustainable Solutions

Answers to Data Analysis Questions

How to Interpret Graphs

Metric System

Periodic Table of the Elements

Geologic Time Scale Glossary Credits Index

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