Question 1

involves meeting the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sustainable subsistence 
B)  Sustainable development 
C)  Social justice 
D)  Ecological development 
E)  Economic development 
A)  Sustainable subsistence 
B)  Sustainable development 
C)  Social justice 
D)  Ecological development 
E)  Economic development B

Question 2

Leaders striving for sustainable development aim to satisfy a triple bottom line, which involves what three goals?

Accepted Answer

A)  economic advancement, environmental protection, and social equity 
B)  economic development, making money, and depleting resources slowly 
C)  making money, lowering taxes, and protecting the environment 
D)  racial equality, social equality, and political equality 
E)  protecting animals, protecting ecosystems, and protecting the biosphere 
A)  economic advancement, environmental protection, and social equity 
B)  economic development, making money, and depleting resources slowly 
C)  making money, lowering taxes, and protecting the environment 
D)  racial equality, social equality, and political equality 
E)  protecting animals, protecting ecosystems, and protecting the biosphere A

Question 3

The GPI for the United States .

Accepted Answer

A)  is far below that of the rest of the world 
B)  has increased dramatically since 1975 
C)  has leveled off since 1975 
D)  increases when resources extraction increases 
E)  increases when resource consumption increases 
A)  is far below that of the rest of the world 
B)  has increased dramatically since 1975 
C)  has leveled off since 1975 
D)  increases when resources extraction increases 
E)  increases when resource consumption increases C

Question 4

Which of the following is an assumption of neoclassical economics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Long -term effects and planning are important. 
B)  Resources are finite and should be conserved for the greater good of society. 
C)  External costs and benefits are valuable. 
D)  Economic growth is a means toward greater human well -being. 
E)  All citizens deserve just and equal economic and sociopolitical treatment. 
A)  Long -term effects and planning are important. 
B)  Resources are finite and should be conserved for the greater good of society. 
C)  External costs and benefits are valuable. 
D)  Economic growth is a means toward greater human well -being. 
E)  All citizens deserve just and equal economic and sociopolitical treatment.

Question 5

In neoclassical economics, the practice of "discounting" is used to .

Accepted Answer

A)  price goods that are in low demand 
B)  price goods that are in low supply 
C)  dismiss viewpoints that run counter to the main tenets of neoclassical economics 
D)  decrease the importance and value of future people and goods 
E)  encourage sustainable practices by making it more economically feasible to update sewage treatment plants and municipal landfills 
A)  price goods that are in low demand 
B)  price goods that are in low supply 
C)  dismiss viewpoints that run counter to the main tenets of neoclassical economics 
D)  decrease the importance and value of future people and goods 
E)  encourage sustainable practices by making it more economically feasible to update sewage treatment plants and municipal landfills

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of greenwashing?

Accepted Answer

A)  using biodegradable paints 
B)  ecolabeling 
C)  covering up environmental injustices 
D)  discounting future effects 
E)  creating the illusion of green or sustainable practices 
A)  using biodegradable paints 
B)  ecolabeling 
C)  covering up environmental injustices 
D)  discounting future effects 
E)  creating the illusion of green or sustainable practices

Question 7

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of economics?

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of how humans use potentially scarce resources to meet demand 
B)  the study of tax laws, banking, and monetary policy 
C)  the study of environmental systems and their monetary value 
D)  the study of conversion of monetary units between nations 
E)  the study of making money, goods, and services 
A)  the study of how humans use potentially scarce resources to meet demand 
B)  the study of tax laws, banking, and monetary policy 
C)  the study of environmental systems and their monetary value 
D)  the study of conversion of monetary units between nations 
E)  the study of making money, goods, and services

Question 8

Which of the following includes volunteer work and damage from pollution in a country's goods and services?

Accepted Answer

A)  GDP 
B)  GAP 
C)  GPI 
D)  GNP 
E)  ATP 
A)  GDP 
B)  GAP 
C)  GPI 
D)  GNP 
E)  ATP

Question 9

involves the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecological justice 
B)  Environmental justice 
C)  Land ethics 
D)  Conservation 
E)  Socialism 
A)  Ecological justice 
B)  Environmental justice 
C)  Land ethics 
D)  Conservation 
E)  Socialism

Question 10

encourages more sustainable business practices.

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased economic growth 
B)  Abolishing permit trading 
C)  The government providing all goods and services to citizens 
D)  Ecolabeling 
E)  Greenwashing 
A)  Increased economic growth 
B)  Abolishing permit trading 
C)  The government providing all goods and services to citizens 
D)  Ecolabeling 
E)  Greenwashing

Question 11

advocate for steady -state economies because they believe that Earth's natural systems generally operate in self -renewing cycles that can be "tapped" sustainably.

Accepted Answer

A)  Socialists 
B)  Cornucopians 
C)  Capitalists 
D)  Ecological economists 
E)  Malthusians 
A)  Socialists 
B)  Cornucopians 
C)  Capitalists 
D)  Ecological economists 
E)  Malthusians

Question 12

Which of the following describes changes in forest cover in Costa Rica since 1940?

Accepted Answer

A)  Costa Rica has lost virtually all of its forests to agriculture since 1940. 
B)  Costa Rica's forests have changed dramatically in composition since 1940 because the forests have been invaded by European buckthorn and other invasive species. 
C)  Costa Rica has been regaining lost forest land since 1940, when strict forest regulations were passed and the country began serious reforestation efforts. 
D)  Costa Rica rapidly lost forests from 1940 until the 1980s, but its forests have more than doubled in size since then. 
E)  Costa Rica's forests increased in size slightly from 1940 until 1985, after which Costa Rica began rapidly losing forests because multinational coffee companies began cutting down rainforest to create coffee plantations. 
A)  Costa Rica has lost virtually all of its forests to agriculture since 1940. 
B)  Costa Rica's forests have changed dramatically in composition since 1940 because the forests have been invaded by European buckthorn and other invasive species. 
C)  Costa Rica has been regaining lost forest land since 1940, when strict forest regulations were passed and the country began serious reforestation efforts. 
D)  Costa Rica rapidly lost forests from 1940 until the 1980s, but its forests have more than doubled in size since then. 
E)  Costa Rica's forests increased in size slightly from 1940 until 1985, after which Costa Rica began rapidly losing forests because multinational coffee companies began cutting down rainforest to create coffee plantations.

Question 13

A subsistence economy is one that _.

Accepted Answer

A)  meets its needs by overfishing lakes and rivers 
B)  purchases goods and services from others 
C)  purchases resources for immediate use 
D)  meets its needs without working for wages and purchasing necessities 
E)  meets is needs while causing ecosystem destruction 
A)  meets its needs by overfishing lakes and rivers 
B)  purchases goods and services from others 
C)  purchases resources for immediate use 
D)  meets its needs without working for wages and purchasing necessities 
E)  meets is needs while causing ecosystem destruction

Question 14

Which of the following is a similarity between the two projections shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  Industrial output drops off in both scenarios. 
B)  Human populations will inevitably crash in both projections. 
C)  Resources continue to be depleted in both scenarios. 
D)  Food resources crash in both scenarios. 
E)  Pollution will be a growing problem in both projections. 
A)  Industrial output drops off in both scenarios. 
B)  Human populations will inevitably crash in both projections. 
C)  Resources continue to be depleted in both scenarios. 
D)  Food resources crash in both scenarios. 
E)  Pollution will be a growing problem in both projections.

Question 15

is the philosophical movement espoused by Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman which saw natural entities as symbols or messengers of deeper spiritual truth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecofeminism 
B)  Preservationism 
C)  Transcendentalism 
D)  Environmental justice movement 
E)  Pantheism 
A)  Ecofeminism 
B)  Preservationism 
C)  Transcendentalism 
D)  Environmental justice movement 
E)  Pantheism

Question 16

The graph illustrates .

Accepted Answer

A)  how price falls when demand is high 
B)  marginal benefit and cost curves 
C)  how price is determined by supply and demand 
D)  internal and external costs associated with market economies 
E)  the costs of resource use and pollution reduction 
A)  how price falls when demand is high 
B)  marginal benefit and cost curves 
C)  how price is determined by supply and demand 
D)  internal and external costs associated with market economies 
E)  the costs of resource use and pollution reduction

Question 17

The philosophy of classical economics developed by Adam Smith .

Accepted Answer

A)  was adopted by the Aborigines in the Kakadu region of Australia 
B)  argues that individuals acting in their own self -interest harm society 
C)  assures equality between rich and poor 
D)  proposes maintenance of economies through government restraint and regulation 
E)  advocates free -market policies that many credit for the tremendous gains in material prosperity of industrial nations 
A)  was adopted by the Aborigines in the Kakadu region of Australia 
B)  argues that individuals acting in their own self -interest harm society 
C)  assures equality between rich and poor 
D)  proposes maintenance of economies through government restraint and regulation 
E)  advocates free -market policies that many credit for the tremendous gains in material prosperity of industrial nations

Question 18

What alternative measure might the government take to aid in the fossil fuel crisis?

Accepted Answer

A)  abolish green taxes 
B)  approve legislation to provide more funding to develop renewable energy 
C)  reopen closed coal mines 
D)  drill for oil off the Florida coast 
E)  build more oil refineries 
A)  abolish green taxes 
B)  approve legislation to provide more funding to develop renewable energy 
C)  reopen closed coal mines 
D)  drill for oil off the Florida coast 
E)  build more oil refineries

Question 19

A(n) is best defined as one who evaluates an action based on its impact on human health, economic costs and benefits, and aesthetic concerns.

Accepted Answer

A)  ecocentrist 
B)  market economist 
C)  ethnocentrist 
D)  anthropocentrist 
E)  biocentrist 
A)  ecocentrist 
B)  market economist 
C)  ethnocentrist 
D)  anthropocentrist 
E)  biocentrist

Question 20

Who is best known as the founder of the Sierra Club?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ralph Waldo Emerson 
B)  Walter Sierra 
C)  John Ruskin 
D)  Aldo Leopold 
E)  John Muir 
A)  Ralph Waldo Emerson 
B)  Walter Sierra 
C)  John Ruskin 
D)  Aldo Leopold 
E)  John Muir

Exam 6: Human Population

involves meeting the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Leaders striving for sustainable development aim to satisfy a triple bottom line, which involves what three goals?

The GPI for the United States .

Which of the following is an assumption of neoclassical economics?

In neoclassical economics, the practice of "discounting" is used to .

Which of the following is an example of greenwashing?

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of economics?

Which of the following includes volunteer work and damage from pollution in a country's goods and services?

involves the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

encourages more sustainable business practices.

advocate for steady -state economies because they believe that Earth's natural systems generally operate in self -renewing cycles that can be "tapped" sustainably.

Which of the following describes changes in forest cover in Costa Rica since 1940?

A subsistence economy is one that _.

Which of the following is a similarity between the two projections shown?

is the philosophical movement espoused by Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman which saw natural entities as symbols or messengers of deeper spiritual truth.

The graph illustrates .

The philosophy of classical economics developed by Adam Smith .

What alternative measure might the government take to aid in the fossil fuel crisis?

A(n) is best defined as one who evaluates an action based on its impact on human health, economic costs and benefits, and aesthetic concerns.

Who is best known as the founder of the Sierra Club?

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Sustainable Solutions

Answers to Data Analysis Questions

How to Interpret Graphs

Metric System

Periodic Table of the Elements

Geologic Time Scale Glossary Credits Index

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