Question 1

An ecological resource manager's preliminary environmental studies should include inquiry into whether .

Accepted Answer

A)  the city needs to obtain a great deal of revenue from the final choice 
B)  a new housing development just outside the city limits may increase traffic on the connecting highway 
C)  the wetlands include oyster beds and shallow estuaries that are habitats for shrimp, crabs, and fish, which are supporting many local industries 
D)  the lake should be provided with docks and a marina for sport fishermen 
E)  the financial situation of some potential investors is shaky 
A)  the city needs to obtain a great deal of revenue from the final choice 
B)  a new housing development just outside the city limits may increase traffic on the connecting highway 
C)  the wetlands include oyster beds and shallow estuaries that are habitats for shrimp, crabs, and fish, which are supporting many local industries 
D)  the lake should be provided with docks and a marina for sport fishermen 
E)  the financial situation of some potential investors is shaky C

Question 2

Curitiba, Brazil, has shown us that .

Accepted Answer

A)  unregulated urban sprawl produces severe air pollution 
B)  a walkable city center and expanded bus system can solve a large city's traffic congestion 
C)  prohibition of motorized vehicles in urban reduces pollution and saves energy 
D)  traffic flows smoothly once pedestrians and bicycles are eliminated 
E)  once roads are widened, traffic congestion decreases 
A)  unregulated urban sprawl produces severe air pollution 
B)  a walkable city center and expanded bus system can solve a large city's traffic congestion 
C)  prohibition of motorized vehicles in urban reduces pollution and saves energy 
D)  traffic flows smoothly once pedestrians and bicycles are eliminated 
E)  once roads are widened, traffic congestion decreases B

Question 3

Worldwide, the fastest growing cities today are mostly .

Accepted Answer

A)  in the northern United States, such as Chicago, Illinois, and Portland, Oregon 
B)  small cities in the southern United States, such as Austin, Texas, and Raleigh, North Carolina 
C)  in developing nations, such as Delhi, India 
D)  the megacities such as Tokyo, Mexico City, and New York City 
E)  large cities worldwide, such as Paris, London, and Los Angeles 
A)  in the northern United States, such as Chicago, Illinois, and Portland, Oregon 
B)  small cities in the southern United States, such as Austin, Texas, and Raleigh, North Carolina 
C)  in developing nations, such as Delhi, India 
D)  the megacities such as Tokyo, Mexico City, and New York City 
E)  large cities worldwide, such as Paris, London, and Los Angeles C

Question 4

Which of the following approaches would earn points toward LEED certification?

Accepted Answer

A)  building near a school 
B)  building with mahogany imported from Brazil 
C)  building on a golf course 
D)  recycling all construction wastes 
E)  building a children's cancer hospital 
A)  building near a school 
B)  building with mahogany imported from Brazil 
C)  building on a golf course 
D)  recycling all construction wastes 
E)  building a children's cancer hospital

Question 5

Which of the following is a method that governments use to improve urban transportation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide motorcycle lanes in the center of rail lines. 
B)  Make some public buildings and some communities accessible only by public transportation. 
C)  Provide bicycle lanes on freeways. 
D)  Give tax rebates to people who use only public transportation. 
E)  Designate lanes as carpool -only. 
A)  Provide motorcycle lanes in the center of rail lines. 
B)  Make some public buildings and some communities accessible only by public transportation. 
C)  Provide bicycle lanes on freeways. 
D)  Give tax rebates to people who use only public transportation. 
E)  Designate lanes as carpool -only.

Question 6

-This figure shows the chloride concentration in Baltimore -area streams. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urban areas are more impervious than rural areas. 
B)  Chloride levels in suburban streams are safe for land plants. 
C)  Streams in rural areas are contaminated with nitrates and phosphates from the overuse of fertilizers. 
D)  Urban streams are contaminated mainly with chloride flowing in from suburban areas. 
E)  Land plants contribute considerable amounts of chloride to urban streams. 
A)  Urban areas are more impervious than rural areas. 
B)  Chloride levels in suburban streams are safe for land plants. 
C)  Streams in rural areas are contaminated with nitrates and phosphates from the overuse of fertilizers. 
D)  Urban streams are contaminated mainly with chloride flowing in from suburban areas. 
E)  Land plants contribute considerable amounts of chloride to urban streams.

Question 7

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.

A military base a few miles from a medium -sized city is being decommissioned. The base is a large one, situated along a coastline, and includes some small hills, pristine woodlands and wetlands, streams, a river, and a small lake. There is a railroad spur that connects the base with the nearby city, as well as a four -lane highway. The base contains housing, schools, hospital, shops, and recreational areas for a population of 10,000. The city's options for using, selling, or leasing the land are n and many groups come forward with proposals. You work for the city as an environmental resource manager, with the role o preserving local ecosystem services for future generations.

-Members of several local environmental groups propose that nearly all of the buildings be removed and the area turned into a regional hiking, fishing, and camping area, with very limited vehicle access. This will preserve the natural areas while providing recreation for the city dwellers. The most likely issue raised by opponents is whether .

Accepted Answer

A)  whether such activities would irreparably harm the sensitive ecosystems 
B)  anyone will be interested in that kind of recreation 
C)  revenue generated from users will pay for the changes and the maintenance of such a facility 
D)  there will be sufficient space for RV camping 
E)  water sports will be accessible to all 
A)  whether such activities would irreparably harm the sensitive ecosystems 
B)  anyone will be interested in that kind of recreation 
C)  revenue generated from users will pay for the changes and the maintenance of such a facility 
D)  there will be sufficient space for RV camping 
E)  water sports will be accessible to all

Question 8

Urban sprawl typically results in .

Accepted Answer

A)  high -density housing outside of the central city 
B)  decreased reliance on automobiles 
C)  narrower highways 
D)  increased commuting distances 
E)  increased population densities 
A)  high -density housing outside of the central city 
B)  decreased reliance on automobiles 
C)  narrower highways 
D)  increased commuting distances 
E)  increased population densities

Question 9

Greenways .

Accepted Answer

A)  prohibit hiking and biking or recreational opportunities 
B)  are urban golf courses 
C)  are links that provides pathways for wildlife to travel between parks and preserves 
D)  contain parks that are large enough to harbor populations of exotic flora and fauna 
E)  are waterways within city parks 
A)  prohibit hiking and biking or recreational opportunities 
B)  are urban golf courses 
C)  are links that provides pathways for wildlife to travel between parks and preserves 
D)  contain parks that are large enough to harbor populations of exotic flora and fauna 
E)  are waterways within city parks

Question 10

People who live entirely within an urban environment .

Accepted Answer

A)  may become disconnected from nature and from the true costs of their needs and activities 
B)  are never provided enough quality housing, even for those who can afford it 
C)  have insufficient choices for activities and lifestyles 
D)  have too many luxury goods at too expensive a price 
E)  pay less for food and gasoline than rural areas 
A)  may become disconnected from nature and from the true costs of their needs and activities 
B)  are never provided enough quality housing, even for those who can afford it 
C)  have insufficient choices for activities and lifestyles 
D)  have too many luxury goods at too expensive a price 
E)  pay less for food and gasoline than rural areas

Question 11

From where does New York City get its drinking water?

Accepted Answer

A)  reservoirs in the Rocky Mountains 
B)  desalination of seawater from the Atlantic Ocean 
C)  groundwater aquifers beneath the city 
D)  reservoirs far to the northwest of the city 
E)  directly from the Hudson River 
A)  reservoirs in the Rocky Mountains 
B)  desalination of seawater from the Atlantic Ocean 
C)  groundwater aquifers beneath the city 
D)  reservoirs far to the northwest of the city 
E)  directly from the Hudson River

Question 12

-This figure shows the population of Portland, Oregon, from 1850 to 2015. What is the explanation for the population trend from 1950 to 1980?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth driven by the shipping trade 
B)  the downturn of Portland's economy caused by the crash of the stock market 
C)  the exodus of residents to the suburbs 
D)  the preservation of sensitive habitat within Portland's borders 
E)  the adoption of urban growth regulations that prohibited population growth 
A)  growth driven by the shipping trade 
B)  the downturn of Portland's economy caused by the crash of the stock market 
C)  the exodus of residents to the suburbs 
D)  the preservation of sensitive habitat within Portland's borders 
E)  the adoption of urban growth regulations that prohibited population growth

Question 13

All of the following are landscaping features of green buildings EXCEPT .

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of plants that are native to the area where the building is being constructed 
B)  planting deciduous trees to allow light to pass in the winter and shade buildings in the summer 
C)  landscaping with AstroTurf in dry environments 
D)  rooftops planted with vegetation 
E)  rain gardens that absorb runoff 
A)  the use of plants that are native to the area where the building is being constructed 
B)  planting deciduous trees to allow light to pass in the winter and shade buildings in the summer 
C)  landscaping with AstroTurf in dry environments 
D)  rooftops planted with vegetation 
E)  rain gardens that absorb runoff

Question 14

New urbanism seeks to .

Accepted Answer

A)  use tiered taxation to maintain inner cities as vibrant, livable communities 
B)  use zoning to keep small neighborhoods intact 
C)  provide low -cost, long -distance, mass transit systems 
D)  keep business in a central location, near transportation centers 
E)  develop walkable neighborhoods, with homes and businesses close together 
A)  use tiered taxation to maintain inner cities as vibrant, livable communities 
B)  use zoning to keep small neighborhoods intact 
C)  provide low -cost, long -distance, mass transit systems 
D)  keep business in a central location, near transportation centers 
E)  develop walkable neighborhoods, with homes and businesses close together

Question 15

It costs less to operate an automobile in a small city than in a large city because .

Accepted Answer

A)  people in smaller cities tend to use mass transit more than they do in large cities 
B)  automobiles generally cost less to purchase in a small city than in a large city 
C)  people generally drive fewer miles to and from work in a small city than in a large city 
D)  people tend to drive smaller cars in small cities than in large cities 
E)  parking costs more in a large city than in a small city 
A)  people in smaller cities tend to use mass transit more than they do in large cities 
B)  automobiles generally cost less to purchase in a small city than in a large city 
C)  people generally drive fewer miles to and from work in a small city than in a large city 
D)  people tend to drive smaller cars in small cities than in large cities 
E)  parking costs more in a large city than in a small city

Question 16

In 2010, the Portland area's Metropolitan Service District (Metro) made a historic agreement between landowners and citizens that .

Accepted Answer

A)  preserved all undeveloped land as natural ecosystems 
B)  included a regional plan to identify exactly where urban growth would be allowed over the next 50 years 
C)  prohibited agriculture on any undeveloped land in the region 
D)  removed UGBs because they were deemed unconstitutional 
E)  put up undeveloped land at auction to be sold to the highest bidders, public or private 
A)  preserved all undeveloped land as natural ecosystems 
B)  included a regional plan to identify exactly where urban growth would be allowed over the next 50 years 
C)  prohibited agriculture on any undeveloped land in the region 
D)  removed UGBs because they were deemed unconstitutional 
E)  put up undeveloped land at auction to be sold to the highest bidders, public or private

Question 17

A resource sink is .

Accepted Answer

A)  an area that produces a single resource and can control the price of that commodity or service 
B)  an area that produces almost none of the things that it needs 
C)  a resource that is desirable, such that different cities must compete to obtain enough of it for their citizens 
D)  an area that produces many things and needs to export them to a variety of places 
E)  an area that is able to trade for all of the things that it needs 
A)  an area that produces a single resource and can control the price of that commodity or service 
B)  an area that produces almost none of the things that it needs 
C)  a resource that is desirable, such that different cities must compete to obtain enough of it for their citizens 
D)  an area that produces many things and needs to export them to a variety of places 
E)  an area that is able to trade for all of the things that it needs

Question 18

-This figure shows the chloride concentration in Baltimore -area streams. What is the main source of the chloride shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  swimming pools 
B)  factory discharge 
C)  inorganic fertilizers 
D)  sewage treatment plants 
E)  road salt 
A)  swimming pools 
B)  factory discharge 
C)  inorganic fertilizers 
D)  sewage treatment plants 
E)  road salt

Question 19

Suburban living encourages _.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased agricultural activities 
B)  increased use of automobiles 
C)  investment in and improvement of downtown centers 
D)  walking, riding bicycles, and other kinds of physical activity 
E)  driving electric cars 
A)  increased agricultural activities 
B)  increased use of automobiles 
C)  investment in and improvement of downtown centers 
D)  walking, riding bicycles, and other kinds of physical activity 
E)  driving electric cars

Question 20

American cities in the northern United States, such as Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit, .

Accepted Answer

A)  have increased their rate of growth dramatically in the past 20 years 
B)  have always grown rapidly and continue to do so 
C)  have maintained a steady state population since the 1970s 
D)  have steadily lost population over the past 100 years 
E)  grew very rapidly in the 19th and early 20th centuries 
A)  have increased their rate of growth dramatically in the past 20 years 
B)  have always grown rapidly and continue to do so 
C)  have maintained a steady state population since the 1970s 
D)  have steadily lost population over the past 100 years 
E)  grew very rapidly in the 19th and early 20th centuries

Exam 13: Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

An ecological resource manager's preliminary environmental studies should include inquiry into whether .

Curitiba, Brazil, has shown us that .

Worldwide, the fastest growing cities today are mostly .

Which of the following approaches would earn points toward LEED certification?

Which of the following is a method that governments use to improve urban transportation?

-This figure shows the chloride concentration in Baltimore -area streams. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the data shown?

Urban sprawl typically results in .

Greenways .

People who live entirely within an urban environment .

From where does New York City get its drinking water?

-This figure shows the population of Portland, Oregon, from 1850 to 2015. What is the explanation for the population trend from 1950 to 1980?

All of the following are landscaping features of green buildings EXCEPT .

New urbanism seeks to .

It costs less to operate an automobile in a small city than in a large city because .

In 2010, the Portland area's Metropolitan Service District (Metro) made a historic agreement between landowners and citizens that .

A resource sink is .

-This figure shows the chloride concentration in Baltimore -area streams. What is the main source of the chloride shown in the figure?

Suburban living encourages _.

American cities in the northern United States, such as Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit, .

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Sustainable Solutions

Answers to Data Analysis Questions

How to Interpret Graphs

Metric System

Periodic Table of the Elements

Geologic Time Scale Glossary Credits Index

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