Question 1

The first national park was _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  Yosemite 
B)  General Grant (Kings Canyon) 
C)  Yellowstone 
D)  Mount Rainier 
E)  Sequoia 
A)  Yosemite 
B)  General Grant (Kings Canyon) 
C)  Yellowstone 
D)  Mount Rainier 
E)  Sequoia C

Question 2

Second -growth forests .

Accepted Answer

A)  are forests whose timber has second -rate value 
B)  are less abundant on Earth today than they were 500 years ago 
C)  are forests that establish themselves after old -growth timber has been removed 
D)  are those forests in the National Parks that are protected from logging 
E)  in North America are mostly in British Columbia and Alaska 
A)  are forests whose timber has second -rate value 
B)  are less abundant on Earth today than they were 500 years ago 
C)  are forests that establish themselves after old -growth timber has been removed 
D)  are those forests in the National Parks that are protected from logging 
E)  in North America are mostly in British Columbia and Alaska C

Question 3

Clear -cutting .

Accepted Answer

A)  is a form of violent protest favored by radical environmental organizations 
B)  restricts timber harvesting to mountaintops 
C)  involves elimination of subsidies to farmers 
D)  removes all trees from an area 
E)  is harvesting trees from coastal areas only 
A)  is a form of violent protest favored by radical environmental organizations 
B)  restricts timber harvesting to mountaintops 
C)  involves elimination of subsidies to farmers 
D)  removes all trees from an area 
E)  is harvesting trees from coastal areas only D

Question 4

-The system of timber harvesting involves leaving small numbers of mature trees in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow.

Accepted Answer

A)  single -tree selection 
B)  shelterwood 
C)  nursery -tree 
D)  "cherry -picking" 
E)  clearcutting 
A)  single -tree selection 
B)  shelterwood 
C)  nursery -tree 
D)  "cherry -picking" 
E)  clearcutting

Question 5

Prescribed burns would be used in forests .

Accepted Answer

A)  that have heavy recreational use to warn people about the dangers of fires 
B)  to convert primary forests into secondary forests 
C)  plagued with insects as a cheaper alternative to pesticides 
D)  that are subject to severe wildfires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth 
E)  where there high densities of endangered species, such as tropical rainforests 
A)  that have heavy recreational use to warn people about the dangers of fires 
B)  to convert primary forests into secondary forests 
C)  plagued with insects as a cheaper alternative to pesticides 
D)  that are subject to severe wildfires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth 
E)  where there high densities of endangered species, such as tropical rainforests

Question 6

The U.N. FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment of 2015 concluded that .

Accepted Answer

A)  all nationally owned forests should be managed by clear -cutting 
B)  deforestation is now in equilibrium with new planting 
C)  there will be no forest ecosystems left by 2040 
D)  deforestation has slowed but we still lose forests at a rapid rate 
E)  to protect forest biodiversity, forested public lands should be closed to recreation 
A)  all nationally owned forests should be managed by clear -cutting 
B)  deforestation is now in equilibrium with new planting 
C)  there will be no forest ecosystems left by 2040 
D)  deforestation has slowed but we still lose forests at a rapid rate 
E)  to protect forest biodiversity, forested public lands should be closed to recreation

Question 7

Forest resource managers generally aim to maintain a resource population at the level where it .

Accepted Answer

A)  best protects predators 
B)  delivers the maximum sustainable timber yield 
C)  has stabilized at the carrying capacity 
D)  best protects habitat 
E)  is just above the level it needs to be at to prevent dieback of the population 
A)  best protects predators 
B)  delivers the maximum sustainable timber yield 
C)  has stabilized at the carrying capacity 
D)  best protects habitat 
E)  is just above the level it needs to be at to prevent dieback of the population

Question 8

Which of the following is a consequence of clearing forests for agriculture purposes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biodiversity increases because of habitat diversification. 
B)  Water runoff decreases because crops will take up more of the moisture. 
C)  CO2 levels in the atmosphere drop to dangerously low levels. 
D)  The soil becomes richer and retains moisture better because there are few trees to take up the water and soil nutrients. 
E)  Soil erosion increases because the tree roots and other vegetation that stabilize the soil have been removed. 
A)  Biodiversity increases because of habitat diversification. 
B)  Water runoff decreases because crops will take up more of the moisture. 
C)  CO2 levels in the atmosphere drop to dangerously low levels. 
D)  The soil becomes richer and retains moisture better because there are few trees to take up the water and soil nutrients. 
E)  Soil erosion increases because the tree roots and other vegetation that stabilize the soil have been removed.

Question 9

Where will you find epiphytes growing?

Accepted Answer

A)  on other plants 
B)  on animals that live in the forest canopy 
C)  beneath a tree 
D)  on rotting logs 
E)  on the forest floor 
A)  on other plants 
B)  on animals that live in the forest canopy 
C)  beneath a tree 
D)  on rotting logs 
E)  on the forest floor

Question 10

-are federal lands that are off -limits to development but are open to hiking, nature study, and other low -impact public recreational activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilderness areas 
B)  State parks 
C)  Biosphere reserves 
D)  National forests 
E)  BLM lands 
A)  Wilderness areas 
B)  State parks 
C)  Biosphere reserves 
D)  National forests 
E)  BLM lands

Question 11

The tendency for humans to want to live in these Sky Islands, visit them for recreation, and use them for lumber or for wood pulp, causes .

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased extirpation 
B)  increased habitat fragmentation 
C)  increased ecosystem diversity 
D)  increased genetic diversity 
E)  increased biomass 
A)  decreased extirpation 
B)  increased habitat fragmentation 
C)  increased ecosystem diversity 
D)  increased genetic diversity 
E)  increased biomass

Question 12

Which area labeled on the map is experiencing the highest rate of deforestation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 13

Passed in 1906, the national monuments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilderness Act 
B)  Homesteaders Act 
C)  Swampland Act 
D)  Antiquities Act gave the president authority to declare selected public lands as 
E)  National Monuments Act 
A)  Wilderness Act 
B)  Homesteaders Act 
C)  Swampland Act 
D)  Antiquities Act gave the president authority to declare selected public lands as 
E)  National Monuments Act

Question 14

Deforestation _ .

Accepted Answer

A)  has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions 
B)  decreases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
C)  prevents erosion 
D)  causes population explosions 
E)  is not widespread in North America 
A)  has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions 
B)  decreases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
C)  prevents erosion 
D)  causes population explosions 
E)  is not widespread in North America

Question 15

The "roadless rule" _.

Accepted Answer

A)  prohibits road construction within national parks 
B)  prohibits off -road vehicles in national parks and forests 
C)  permits clear -cutting in forests which have no access roads for logging companies 
D)  was strictly enforced between 2004 and 2007 
E)  prohibits new road construction in national forests 
A)  prohibits road construction within national parks 
B)  prohibits off -road vehicles in national parks and forests 
C)  permits clear -cutting in forests which have no access roads for logging companies 
D)  was strictly enforced between 2004 and 2007 
E)  prohibits new road construction in national forests

Question 16

The program Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) .

Accepted Answer

A)  seeks to reduce the 30% of global carbon emissions caused by primary forests 
B)  was passed unanimously by the Copenhagen Conference (2010) on global climate change 
C)  gives wealthy nations carbon offsets if they pay poorer nations to conserve forests 
D)  supports research to develop trees which permanently sequester carbon 
E)  combats unsustainable forestry practices through controlled burning programs 
A)  seeks to reduce the 30% of global carbon emissions caused by primary forests 
B)  was passed unanimously by the Copenhagen Conference (2010) on global climate change 
C)  gives wealthy nations carbon offsets if they pay poorer nations to conserve forests 
D)  supports research to develop trees which permanently sequester carbon 
E)  combats unsustainable forestry practices through controlled burning programs

Question 17

Many environmental advocates believe that biofuel made from palm oil is NOT an appropriate replacement for fossil fuels such as petroleum because .

Accepted Answer

A)  it is better to use palm oil in snack foods 
B)  human rights are being violated because of the palm oil slave trade 
C)  tropical forests must be cleared to plant oil palms 
D)  oil palm plantations take land away from coffee growers 
E)  burning palm oil actually puts more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than burning gasoline 
A)  it is better to use palm oil in snack foods 
B)  human rights are being violated because of the palm oil slave trade 
C)  tropical forests must be cleared to plant oil palms 
D)  oil palm plantations take land away from coffee growers 
E)  burning palm oil actually puts more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than burning gasoline

Question 18

Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging?

Accepted Answer

A)  No ancient forests remain in developing nations. 
B)  They do not want to hinder economic development. 
C)  There is an infinite supply of timber because wood is a renewable resource. 
D)  Most timber is extracted by local corporations that support the government. 
E)  Local residents use most of the timber, and the government does not want to impose restrictions on its citizens. 
A)  No ancient forests remain in developing nations. 
B)  They do not want to hinder economic development. 
C)  There is an infinite supply of timber because wood is a renewable resource. 
D)  Most timber is extracted by local corporations that support the government. 
E)  Local residents use most of the timber, and the government does not want to impose restrictions on its citizens.

Question 19

-This figure shows annual totals for area burned by wildfires in the U.S. from 1983 to 2015. Which of the following accounts for the trend shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fire suppression has resulted in an accumulation of kindling for larger and more catastrophic wildfires during dry years. 
B)  We now fight fires more aggressively than we did in the 1980s, and the annual number of acres burned reflects these efforts. 
C)  Arsonists are starting more wildfires than they did 30 years ago. 
D)  Forest cover has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1980s, so we see an associated trend in the amount of forest burned annually. 
E)  There is no consistent trend in the figure. More forests burn during dry years than wet years. 
A)  Fire suppression has resulted in an accumulation of kindling for larger and more catastrophic wildfires during dry years. 
B)  We now fight fires more aggressively than we did in the 1980s, and the annual number of acres burned reflects these efforts. 
C)  Arsonists are starting more wildfires than they did 30 years ago. 
D)  Forest cover has been increasing in the U.S. since the 1980s, so we see an associated trend in the amount of forest burned annually. 
E)  There is no consistent trend in the figure. More forests burn during dry years than wet years.

Question 20

Land trusts are .

Accepted Answer

A)  municipal government entities 
B)  state government entities 
C)  federal government entities 
D)  private nonprofit groups 
E)  corporations 
A)  municipal government entities 
B)  state government entities 
C)  federal government entities 
D)  private nonprofit groups 
E)  corporations

Exam 12: Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

The first national park was _ .

Second -growth forests .

Clear -cutting .

-The system of timber harvesting involves leaving small numbers of mature trees in place to provide shelter for seedlings as they grow.

Prescribed burns would be used in forests .

The U.N. FAO's Global Forest Resources Assessment of 2015 concluded that .

Forest resource managers generally aim to maintain a resource population at the level where it .

Which of the following is a consequence of clearing forests for agriculture purposes?

Where will you find epiphytes growing?

-are federal lands that are off -limits to development but are open to hiking, nature study, and other low -impact public recreational activities.

The tendency for humans to want to live in these Sky Islands, visit them for recreation, and use them for lumber or for wood pulp, causes .

Which area labeled on the map is experiencing the highest rate of deforestation?

Passed in 1906, the national monuments.

Deforestation _ .

The "roadless rule" _.

The program Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) .

Many environmental advocates believe that biofuel made from palm oil is NOT an appropriate replacement for fossil fuels such as petroleum because .

Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging?

-This figure shows annual totals for area burned by wildfires in the U.S. from 1983 to 2015. Which of the following accounts for the trend shown?

Land trusts are .

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Sustainable Solutions

Answers to Data Analysis Questions

How to Interpret Graphs

Metric System

Periodic Table of the Elements

Geologic Time Scale Glossary Credits Index

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