Question 1

The opening in the diaphysis through which blood vessels pass is named the
_______ foramen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The opening in the diaphysis through which...

Question 2

Figure 6- 2 Endochondral Ossification
Use Figure 6- 2 to answer the following questions):
-If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast- activating factor, which of the following would you expect to occur as a result of this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases in blood levels of calcium 
B)  decreased bone density 
C)  bone fragility 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and B only 
A)  increases in blood levels of calcium 
B)  decreased bone density 
C)  bone fragility 
D)  all of the above 
E)  A and B only

Question 3

____________prevents damaging bone- to- bone contact within movable joints.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________prevents damaging bone- to- bone contact within...

Question 4

Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. Her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone might she prescribe for her patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  growth hormone 
C)  estrogen 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  thyroid hormone 
A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  growth hormone 
C)  estrogen 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  thyroid hormone

Question 5

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ______cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclast 
B)  osteoprogenitor 
C)  osteoblast 
D)  osteocyte 
E)  mesenchymal 
A)  osteoclast 
B)  osteoprogenitor 
C)  osteoblast 
D)  osteocyte 
E)  mesenchymal

Question 6

Bone is composed of ______percent cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  15 
E)  10 
A)  2 
B)  25 
C)  50 
D)  15 
E)  10

Question 7

Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the___________-
.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells that are found in small depressions...

Question 8

In normal adult bones,

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed. 
B)  exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling. 
C)  osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases. 
D)  there is no turnover of minerals. 
E)  a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year. 
A)  osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity, once bone has been formed. 
B)  exercise will have no effect on bone remodeling. 
C)  osteoclasts continue to be active long after osteoblast activity ceases. 
D)  there is no turnover of minerals. 
E)  a portion of the protein and mineral content is replaced each year.

Question 9

A deep hollow on a bone is termed a

Accepted Answer

A)  fossa. 
B)  sulcus. 
C)  fissure. 
D)  line. 
E)  facet. 
A)  fossa. 
B)  sulcus. 
C)  fissure. 
D)  line. 
E)  facet.

Question 10

The following are important steps in the process of endochondral ossification. 1. Enlarged chondrocytes die.
2) Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone.
3) Chondrocytes enlarge and the surrounding matrix begins to calcify.
4) Blood vessels invade the perichondrium.
5) Perichondrial cells become osteoblasts and produce a thin shell of bone.
The correct order for these events is

Accepted Answer

A)  3, 1, 4, 5, 2. 
B)  2, 3, 1, 5, 4. 
C)  1, 3, 5, 4, 2. 
D)  3, 1, 5, 4, 2. 
E)  1, 5, 3, 4, 2. 
A)  3, 1, 4, 5, 2. 
B)  2, 3, 1, 5, 4. 
C)  1, 3, 5, 4, 2. 
D)  3, 1, 5, 4, 2. 
E)  1, 5, 3, 4, 2.

Question 11

Figure 6- 2 Endochondral Ossification
Use Figure 6- 2 to answer the following questions):
-Where does growth in length occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 12

Which of the following chemicals is not present in bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium carbonate. 
B)  hydroxyapatite. 
C)  collagen fibers. 
D)  chondroitin sulfate. 
E)  calcium phosphate. 
A)  calcium carbonate. 
B)  hydroxyapatite. 
C)  collagen fibers. 
D)  chondroitin sulfate. 
E)  calcium phosphate.

Question 13

When stress is applied to a bone,

Accepted Answer

A)  the bone becomes thin and brittle. 
B)  osteoclast activity increases. 
C)  the bone compensates by becoming thinner in the region of stress. 
D)  the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts. 
E)  it usually breaks. 
A)  the bone becomes thin and brittle. 
B)  osteoclast activity increases. 
C)  the bone compensates by becoming thinner in the region of stress. 
D)  the minerals in the bone produce a weak electrical field that attracts osteoblasts. 
E)  it usually breaks.

Question 14

The hormone calcitonin functions to

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the rate of calcium absorption. 
B)  stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts. 
C)  decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
D)  stimulate osteoclast activity. 
E)  decrease the rate of calcium excretion. 
A)  decrease the rate of calcium absorption. 
B)  stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasts. 
C)  decrease the level of calcium ion in the blood. 
D)  stimulate osteoclast activity. 
E)  decrease the rate of calcium excretion.

Question 15

A lack of exercise could

Accepted Answer

A)  cause bones to become longer. 
B)  cause bones to become thicker. 
C)  result in porous and weak bones. 
D)  cause bones to lose their medullary cavity. 
E)  cause bones to store more calcium. 
A)  cause bones to become longer. 
B)  cause bones to become thicker. 
C)  result in porous and weak bones. 
D)  cause bones to lose their medullary cavity. 
E)  cause bones to store more calcium.

Question 16

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

A)  roof of the skull 
B)  femur 
C)  carpal bones 
D)  clavicle 
E)  both A and D 
A)  roof of the skull 
B)  femur 
C)  carpal bones 
D)  clavicle 
E)  both A and D

Question 17

Figure 6- 2 Endochondral Ossification
Use Figure 6- 2 to answer the following questions):
-Identify the structure at #4.

Accepted Answer

A)  periosteum 
B)  mesenchyme 
C)  spongy bone 
D)  hyaline cartilage 
E)  intramembranous bone 
A)  periosteum 
B)  mesenchyme 
C)  spongy bone 
D)  hyaline cartilage 
E)  intramembranous bone

Question 18

The______ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein- protein 
B)  hydroxyapatite- crystal 
C)  collagen- fiber 
D)  protein- crystal 
E)  mineral- crystal 
A)  protein- protein 
B)  hydroxyapatite- crystal 
C)  collagen- fiber 
D)  protein- crystal 
E)  mineral- crystal

Question 19

A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is called

Accepted Answer

A)  osteomalacia. 
B)  osteitis. 
C)  osteopenia. 
D)  osteoporosis. 
E)  osteomyelitis. 
A)  osteomalacia. 
B)  osteitis. 
C)  osteopenia. 
D)  osteoporosis. 
E)  osteomyelitis.

Question 20

The most abundant mineral in the human body is

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorus. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  hydrogen. 
E)  sodium. 
A)  phosphorus. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  hydrogen. 
E)  sodium.

Exam 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The opening in the diaphysis through which blood vessels pass is named the _______ foramen.

Figure 6- 2 Endochondral Ossification Use Figure 6- 2 to answer the following questions): -If a tumor secretes high levels of osteoclast- activating factor, which of the following would you expect to occur as a result of this condition?

____________prevents damaging bone- to- bone contact within movable joints.

Mary is 50 years old and has entered menopause. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. Her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone might she prescribe for her patient?

Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ______cells.

Bone is composed of ______percent cells.

Cells that are found in small depressions on the endosteal surfaces are the___________- .

In normal adult bones,

A deep hollow on a bone is termed a

Figure 6- 2 Endochondral Ossification Use Figure 6- 2 to answer the following questions): -Where does growth in length occur?

Which of the following chemicals is not present in bone?

When stress is applied to a bone,

The hormone calcitonin functions to

A lack of exercise could

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?

Figure 6- 2 Endochondral Ossification Use Figure 6- 2 to answer the following questions): -Identify the structure at #4.

The______ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.

A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is called

The most abundant mineral in the human body is

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphoid System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

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