Question 1

_____bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Irregular 
B)  Spongy 
C)  Long 
D)  Short 
E)  Compact 
A)  Irregular 
B)  Spongy 
C)  Long 
D)  Short 
E)  Compact

Question 2

The following are major steps in the process of intramembranous ossification. 1. Clusters of osteoblasts form osteoid that becomes mineralized.
2) Osteoblasts differentiate within mesenchymal connective tissue.
3) Spicules of bone radiate out from the ossification centers.
4) Mesenchymal cells aggregate.
The correct order for these events is

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 1, 3, 4. 
B)  4, 1, 2, 3. 
C)  2, 3, 1, 4. 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3. 
A)  2, 1, 3, 4. 
B)  4, 1, 2, 3. 
C)  2, 3, 1, 4. 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3.

Question 3

The trabeculae of spongy bone

Accepted Answer

A)  will collapse under stress. 
B)  are composed mostly of cartilage. 
C)  are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis. 
D)  are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone. 
E)  are organized along stress lines. 
A)  will collapse under stress. 
B)  are composed mostly of cartilage. 
C)  are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis. 
D)  are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone. 
E)  are organized along stress lines.

Question 4

Figure 6- 1 Bone Tissue
Use Figure 6- 1 to answer the following questions):
-Where would osteoclasts be most active?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 5

_____cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoprogenitor 
B)  Osteoid 
C)  Osteoclast 
D)  Osteocyte 
E)  Osteoblast 
A)  Osteoprogenitor 
B)  Osteoid 
C)  Osteoclast 
D)  Osteocyte 
E)  Osteoblast

Question 6

A ______ is a smooth, grooved bone process shaped like a pulley

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ______ is a smooth, grooved bone...

Question 7

The central canal of an osteon contains

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  bone marrow. 
E)  concentric lamellae. 
A)  blood vessels. 
B)  lacunae. 
C)  osteocytes. 
D)  bone marrow. 
E)  concentric lamellae.

Question 8

Identify the structures labeled "4."

Accepted Answer

A)  circumferential lamellae 
B)  interstitial lamellae 
C)  periosteum 
D)  trabeculae 
E)  concentric lamellae 
A)  circumferential lamellae 
B)  interstitial lamellae 
C)  periosteum 
D)  trabeculae 
E)  concentric lamellae

Question 9

Fat is stored within the

Accepted Answer

A)  spongy bone. 
B)  medullary cavity. 
C)  diaphysis. 
D)  metaphysis. 
E)  epiphysis. 
A)  spongy bone. 
B)  medullary cavity. 
C)  diaphysis. 
D)  metaphysis. 
E)  epiphysis.

Question 10

______are squamous cells that develop into osteoblasts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoprogenitor cells 
B)  Osteomedullary cells 
C)  Squamous osteons 
D)  Osteocytes 
E)  Osteoclasts 
A)  Osteoprogenitor cells 
B)  Osteomedullary cells 
C)  Squamous osteons 
D)  Osteocytes 
E)  Osteoclasts

Question 11

Vitamin D is necessary for

Accepted Answer

A)  collagen formation. 
B)  increasing osteoclast activity. 
C)  the organic matrix of bone. 
D)  reducing osteoblast activity. 
E)  absorption calcium and phosphate ions. 
A)  collagen formation. 
B)  increasing osteoclast activity. 
C)  the organic matrix of bone. 
D)  reducing osteoblast activity. 
E)  absorption calcium and phosphate ions.

Question 12

The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  ossification. 
B)  osteogenesis. 
C)  remodeling. 
D)  hardening. 
E)  calcification. 
A)  ossification. 
B)  osteogenesis. 
C)  remodeling. 
D)  hardening. 
E)  calcification.

Question 13

Would you expect to see changes in blood levels of the hormones calcitonin and PTH as a result of vitamin D3 deficiency? Explain.

Accepted Answer

A person deficient in vitamin D3 would n

Question 14

The narrow region between the head and shaft of a long bone is called the_______________
.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The narrow region between the head and...

Question 15

The lining of the medullary cavity is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  perimysium. 
B)  epimysium. 
C)  perichondrium. 
D)  endosteum. 
E)  periosteum. 
A)  perimysium. 
B)  epimysium. 
C)  perichondrium. 
D)  endosteum. 
E)  periosteum.

Question 16

Figure 6- 2 Endochondral Ossification
Use Figure 6- 2 to answer the following questions):
-Which isgreater?

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclast activity when calcitonin is present 
B)  osteoclast activity when calcitonin is absent 
A)  osteoclast activity when calcitonin is present 
B)  osteoclast activity when calcitonin is absent

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: osteoclasts
osteocytes
osteoprogenitors
osteoblasts

Accepted Answer

The Answer of immature bone cells that secrete organic components is...

Question 18

Factors that are necessary for proper bone formation include all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin C. 
B)  vitamin D. 
C)  the hormone thyroxine. 
D)  vitamin A. 
E)  vitamin E. 
A)  vitamin C. 
B)  vitamin D. 
C)  the hormone thyroxine. 
D)  vitamin A. 
E)  vitamin E.

Question 19

_____________- fibers are stronger than steel when stretched

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________- fibers are stronger than steel when...

Question 20

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  patella 
B)  ulna 
C)  frontal 
D)  metatarsal 
E)  vertebra 
A)  patella 
B)  ulna 
C)  frontal 
D)  metatarsal 
E)  vertebra

Exam 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

_____bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.

The trabeculae of spongy bone

Figure 6- 1 Bone Tissue Use Figure 6- 1 to answer the following questions): -Where would osteoclasts be most active?

_____cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum.

A ______ is a smooth, grooved bone process shaped like a pulley

The central canal of an osteon contains

Identify the structures labeled "4."

Fat is stored within the

______are squamous cells that develop into osteoblasts.

Vitamin D is necessary for

The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as

Would you expect to see changes in blood levels of the hormones calcitonin and PTH as a result of vitamin D3 deficiency? Explain.

The narrow region between the head and shaft of a long bone is called the_______________ .

The lining of the medullary cavity is called the

Figure 6- 2 Endochondral Ossification Use Figure 6- 2 to answer the following questions): -Which isgreater?

Factors that are necessary for proper bone formation include all of the following, except

_____________- fibers are stronger than steel when stretched

Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphoid System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

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