Question 1

The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine?

Accepted Answer

A) monochrome 
B) urochrome 
C) cyanochrome 
D) multichrome 
E) pyuria 
A) monochrome 
B) urochrome 
C) cyanochrome 
D) multichrome 
E) pyuria B

Question 3

Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) potassium. 
B) sodium chloride. 
C) hydrogen ions. 
D) urea. 
E) water. 
A) potassium. 
B) sodium chloride. 
C) hydrogen ions. 
D) urea. 
E) water. C

Question 4

Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR, and urine volume?

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone 
B) antidiuretic hormone 
C) parathyroid hormone 
D) norepinephrine 
E) angiotensin II 
A) aldosterone 
B) antidiuretic hormone 
C) parathyroid hormone 
D) norepinephrine 
E) angiotensin II

Question 5

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes insipidus. 
B) acute glomerulonephritis. 
C) diabetes mellitus. 
D) renal calculus. 
E) pyelitis. 
A) diabetes insipidus. 
B) acute glomerulonephritis. 
C) diabetes mellitus. 
D) renal calculus. 
E) pyelitis.

Question 6

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except

Accepted Answer

A) increasing glomerular filtration rate. 
B) inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion. 
C) inhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney. 
D) inhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct. 
E) preventing sodium loss in the urine. 
A) increasing glomerular filtration rate. 
B) inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion. 
C) inhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney. 
D) inhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct. 
E) preventing sodium loss in the urine.

Question 7

Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the to form angiotensin I.

Accepted Answer

A) lungs 
B) kidneys 
C) liver 
D) heart 
E) spleen 
A) lungs 
B) kidneys 
C) liver 
D) heart 
E) spleen

Question 8

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as

Accepted Answer

A) the perirenal fat capsule. 
B) the renal fascia. 
C) the hilum. 
D) the fibrous capsule. 
E) the renal medulla. 
A) the perirenal fat capsule. 
B) the renal fascia. 
C) the hilum. 
D) the fibrous capsule. 
E) the renal medulla.

Question 9

A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident.He complains of mid-back pain.X-rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures.His emergency room examination includes urinalysis.Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A) pyuria 
B) hematuria 
C) albuminuria 
D) uremia 
E) phenylketonuria 
A) pyuria 
B) hematuria 
C) albuminuria 
D) uremia 
E) phenylketonuria

Question 10

The average person has approximately nephrons per kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.2 million 
B) 2.4 million 
C) 3.6 million 
D) 4.8 million 
E) 5.6 million 
A) 1.2 million 
B) 2.4 million 
C) 3.6 million 
D) 4.8 million 
E) 5.6 million

Question 11

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Accepted Answer

A) glomerulus 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) collecting duct 
E) nephron loop 
A) glomerulus 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) distal convoluted tubule 
D) collecting duct 
E) nephron loop

Question 12

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by

Accepted Answer

A) the renal corpuscle. 
B) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) the glomerular capillaries. 
E) the collecting duct. 
A) the renal corpuscle. 
B) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
C) the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) the glomerular capillaries. 
E) the collecting duct.

Question 13

Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.

Accepted Answer

A) proximal convoluted tubules 
B) distal convoluted tubules 
C) loops of Henle 
D) collecting ducts 
E) glomeruli 
A) proximal convoluted tubules 
B) distal convoluted tubules 
C) loops of Henle 
D) collecting ducts 
E) glomeruli

Question 14

Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of
the afferent arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic
motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood
pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Hypocalcemia stimulates

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in aldosterone production. 
B) secretion of parathyroid hormone. 
C) secretion of renin. 
D) an increase in blood urea nitrogen. 
E) vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles. 
A) a decrease in aldosterone production. 
B) secretion of parathyroid hormone. 
C) secretion of renin. 
D) an increase in blood urea nitrogen. 
E) vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles.

Question 19

Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) creatinine 
B) urobilin 
C) glucose 
D) ammonia 
E) magnesium 
A) creatinine 
B) urobilin 
C) glucose 
D) ammonia 
E) magnesium

Question 20

Which are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A) cortical nephrons 
B) juxtamedullary nephrons 
C) collecting ducts 
D) proximal convoluted tubules 
E) distal convoluted tubules 
A) cortical nephrons 
B) juxtamedullary nephrons 
C) collecting ducts 
D) proximal convoluted tubules 
E) distal convoluted tubules

Exam 23: The Urinary System

The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes.

What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine?

Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except

Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR, and urine volume?

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of

Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except

Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the to form angiotensin I.

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as

The average person has approximately nephrons per kidney.

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by

Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption.

Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus.

Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles.

Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence.

Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure.

Hypocalcemia stimulates

Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except

Which are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?

Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

Cellular Form and Function

Genes and Cellular Function

The Human Tissues

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

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Joints

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The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Sense Organs

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The Circulatory System: Heart

The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid - Base Balance

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The Female Reproductive System

Human Development and Aging

Anatomical Terminology and Body Planes

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