Question 1

Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

A) macula densa cells 
B) mesangial cells 
C) nephrocytes 
D) podocytes 
E) monocytes 
A) macula densa cells 
B) mesangial cells 
C) nephrocytes 
D) podocytes 
E) monocytes

Question 2

The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as what?

Accepted Answer

A) renal autoregulation 
B) the myogenic mechanism 
C) tubuloglomerular feedback 
D) sympathetic control 
E) the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism 
A) renal autoregulation 
B) the myogenic mechanism 
C) tubuloglomerular feedback 
D) sympathetic control 
E) the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

Question 3

A renal pyramid voids urine into

Accepted Answer

A) the minor calyx. 
B) the major calyx. 
C) the renal medulla. 
D) the renal papilla. 
E) the ureter. 
A) the minor calyx. 
B) the major calyx. 
C) the renal medulla. 
D) the renal papilla. 
E) the ureter.

Question 4

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on

Accepted Answer

A) the feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland. 
B) the countercurrent multiplier system. 
C) the countercurrent exchanger system. 
D) aquaporins of the collecting duct. 
E) the thirst mechanism and water intake. 
A) the feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland. 
B) the countercurrent multiplier system. 
C) the countercurrent exchanger system. 
D) aquaporins of the collecting duct. 
E) the thirst mechanism and water intake.

Question 5

Which muscle is located in the bladder?

Accepted Answer

A) detrusor 
B) distractor 
C) pubococcygeus 
D) corpus spongiosum 
E) corpus cavernosum 
A) detrusor 
B) distractor 
C) pubococcygeus 
D) corpus spongiosum 
E) corpus cavernosum

Question 6

The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is

Accepted Answer

A) to supply salt and urea to the renal medulla. 
B) to supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex. 
C) to supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla. 
D) to remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex. 
E) to remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla. 
A) to supply salt and urea to the renal medulla. 
B) to supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex. 
C) to supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla. 
D) to remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex. 
E) to remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla.

Question 7

Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?

Accepted Answer

A) interlobular v.→ interlobar v.→ segmental v.→ renal v. 
B) arcuate v.→ interlobar v.→ segmental v.→ renal v. 
C) interlobar v.→ interlobular v.→ arcuate v.→ renal v. 
D) segmental v.→ arcuate v.→ interlobar v.→ renal v. 
E) interlobular v.→ arcuate v.→ interlobar v.→ renal v. 
A) interlobular v.→ interlobar v.→ segmental v.→ renal v. 
B) arcuate v.→ interlobar v.→ segmental v.→ renal v. 
C) interlobar v.→ interlobular v.→ arcuate v.→ renal v. 
D) segmental v.→ arcuate v.→ interlobar v.→ renal v. 
E) interlobular v.→ arcuate v.→ interlobar v.→ renal v.

Question 8

The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 L. 
B) 1.0 L. 
C) 1.5 L. 
D) 2.0 L. 
E) 3.0 L. 
A) 0.5 L. 
B) 1.0 L. 
C) 1.5 L. 
D) 2.0 L. 
E) 3.0 L.

Question 9

In a healthy kidney, very little is filtered by the glomerulus.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) electrolytes 
C) glucose 
D) vitamins 
E) protein 
A) amino acids 
B) electrolytes 
C) glucose 
D) vitamins 
E) protein

Question 10

In response to a drop in overall blood pressure, stimulates constriction of the glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet.

Accepted Answer

A) azotemia 
B) sodium chloride 
C) parathyroid hormone 
D) aldosterone 
E) angiotensin II 
A) azotemia 
B) sodium chloride 
C) parathyroid hormone 
D) aldosterone 
E) angiotensin II

Question 11

Blood plasma is filtered in

Accepted Answer

A) the renal tubule. 
B) the renal corpuscle. 
C) the renal capsule. 
D) the renal column. 
E) the renal calyx. 
A) the renal tubule. 
B) the renal corpuscle. 
C) the renal capsule. 
D) the renal column. 
E) the renal calyx.

Question 12

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

Accepted Answer

A) the collecting duct 
B) the countercurrent multiplier 
C) the countercurrent exchange system 
D) diuretics 
E) the length of the nephrons 
A) the collecting duct 
B) the countercurrent multiplier 
C) the countercurrent exchange system 
D) diuretics 
E) the length of the nephrons

Question 13

In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by

Accepted Answer

A) secreting erythropoietin. 
B) secreting renin. 
C) deaminating amino acids. 
D) contributing to calcium homeostasis. 
E) producing uric acid. 
A) secreting erythropoietin. 
B) secreting renin. 
C) deaminating amino acids. 
D) contributing to calcium homeostasis. 
E) producing uric acid.

Question 14

Micturition is another term for

Accepted Answer

A) the production of nitrogenous wastes. 
B) glomerular filtration. 
C) the countercurrent multiplier process. 
D) inflammation of the urinary bladder. 
E) the elimination of urine. 
A) the production of nitrogenous wastes. 
B) glomerular filtration. 
C) the countercurrent multiplier process. 
D) inflammation of the urinary bladder. 
E) the elimination of urine.

Question 15

Aldosterone acts on

Accepted Answer

A) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) the medullary portion of the collecting duct. 
C) the descending limb of the nephron loop. 
D) the distal convoluted tubule. 
E) the glomerulus. 
A) the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B) the medullary portion of the collecting duct. 
C) the descending limb of the nephron loop. 
D) the distal convoluted tubule. 
E) the glomerulus.

Question 16

Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min due to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) it is absorbed by the loop of Henle. 
B) it is secreted by the glomerulus. 
C) it is absorbed by the renal tubules. 
D) it is secreted by the renal tubules. 
E) it is produced in the pulmonary tissue. 
A) it is absorbed by the loop of Henle. 
B) it is secreted by the glomerulus. 
C) it is absorbed by the renal tubules. 
D) it is secreted by the renal tubules. 
E) it is produced in the pulmonary tissue.

Question 17

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as
promotes synthesis of calcitriol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.

Accepted Answer

A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) azotemia 
E) ammonia 
A) urea 
B) creatinine 
C) uric acid 
D) azotemia 
E) ammonia

Question 19

Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH, thereby reducing reabsorption by the
collecting duct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A) urethra 
B) collecting duct 
C) ureter 
D) urinary bladder 
E) kidney 
A) urethra 
B) collecting duct 
C) ureter 
D) urinary bladder 
E) kidney

Exam 23: The Urinary System

Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?

The mechanism of stabilizing the GFR based on the tendency of smooth muscle to contract when stretched is known as what?

A renal pyramid voids urine into

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on

Which muscle is located in the bladder?

The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is

Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?

The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is

In a healthy kidney, very little is filtered by the glomerulus.

In response to a drop in overall blood pressure, stimulates constriction of the glomerular inlet and even greater constriction of the outlet.

Blood plasma is filtered in

Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?

In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by

Micturition is another term for

Aldosterone acts on

Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min due to the fact that

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol.

This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.

Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH, thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct.

Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?

Major Themes of Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemistry of Life

Cellular Form and Function

Genes and Cellular Function

The Human Tissues

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System

Joints

The Muscular System

Muscular Tissue

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes

Sense Organs

The Endocrine System

The Circulatory System: Blood

The Circulatory System: Heart

The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The Respiratory System

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid - Base Balance

The Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

The Male Reproductive System

The Female Reproductive System

Human Development and Aging

Anatomical Terminology and Body Planes

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