Question 1

Experimenter bias refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the mistreatment of participants. 
B)  the participants' interpretation of the experimental manipulation. 
C)  differences in the participants' responses to the experimental manipulation. 
D)  differences in how the experimenter treats the participants. 
A)  the mistreatment of participants. 
B)  the participants' interpretation of the experimental manipulation. 
C)  differences in the participants' responses to the experimental manipulation. 
D)  differences in how the experimenter treats the participants.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes confound checks?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are given before any of the dependent variables have been collected. 
B)  They help determine whether the manipulation has unwittingly caused differences on other variables that we did not desire to manipulate. 
C)  They are not usually given to all participants in all conditions. 
D)  They are expected to influence responses on the dependent measure. 
A)  They are given before any of the dependent variables have been collected. 
B)  They help determine whether the manipulation has unwittingly caused differences on other variables that we did not desire to manipulate. 
C)  They are not usually given to all participants in all conditions. 
D)  They are expected to influence responses on the dependent measure.

Question 3

A variable other than the independent variable that is found to vary systematically among the conditions is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  an extraneous variable. 
B)  a confounding variable. 
C)  a baseline variable. 
D)  a manipulation variable. 
A)  an extraneous variable. 
B)  a confounding variable. 
C)  a baseline variable. 
D)  a manipulation variable.

Question 4

An artifact refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  An initial measurement of the dependent variable in a before-after design 
B)  A measure used to determine whether the manipulation has caused a different confounding variable 
C)  An aspect of the research methodology that may produce confounding 
D)  An analysis in which the manipulation check is correlated with the dependent measure 
A)  An initial measurement of the dependent variable in a before-after design 
B)  A measure used to determine whether the manipulation has caused a different confounding variable 
C)  An aspect of the research methodology that may produce confounding 
D)  An analysis in which the manipulation check is correlated with the dependent measure

Question 5

Which of the following is an advantage of before-after designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants experience less fatigue. 
B)  Participants are less likely to guess the research hypothesis. 
C)  Random error is reduced. 
D)  Statistical power is decreased. 
A)  Participants experience less fatigue. 
B)  Participants are less likely to guess the research hypothesis. 
C)  Random error is reduced. 
D)  Statistical power is decreased.

Question 6

Incorrect conclusions about research that occur because a Type 1 or Type 2 error has been made lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  External invalidity 
B)  Statistical conclusion invalidity 
C)  Confounding 
D)  Internal invalidity 
A)  External invalidity 
B)  Statistical conclusion invalidity 
C)  Confounding 
D)  Internal invalidity

Question 7

In a one-way experiment testing the influence of mood states on performance, the manipulation check will be a measure of

Accepted Answer

A)  mood. 
B)  performance. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  anxiety. 
A)  mood. 
B)  performance. 
C)  self-esteem. 
D)  anxiety.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a necessary goal for the creation of a valid experimental manipulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impact 
B)  The creation of initial equivalence 
C)  Standardization of conditions 
D)  Matching of groups 
A)  Impact 
B)  The creation of initial equivalence 
C)  Standardization of conditions 
D)  Matching of groups

Question 9

Researchers who do not know the research hypothesis are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  artifact-free experimenters. 
B)  baseline experimenters. 
C)  blind experimenters. 
D)  naive experimenters. 
A)  artifact-free experimenters. 
B)  baseline experimenters. 
C)  blind experimenters. 
D)  naive experimenters.

Question 10

Pilot testing before conducting an experiment helps to be sure that

Accepted Answer

A)  the independent variables will be interpreted as expected. 
B)  the manipulation checks will show the same patterns as the confound checks. 
C)  participants will be able to understand the research hypothesis. 
D)  the cover story is not necessary. 
A)  the independent variables will be interpreted as expected. 
B)  the manipulation checks will show the same patterns as the confound checks. 
C)  participants will be able to understand the research hypothesis. 
D)  the cover story is not necessary.

Question 11

Which of the following procedures would be likely to reduce experimenter bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using experimenters who know the hypothesis 
B)  Keeping experimenters "blind to condition" 
C)  Using more than one dependent measure 
D)  Increasing external validity 
A)  Using experimenters who know the hypothesis 
B)  Keeping experimenters "blind to condition" 
C)  Using more than one dependent measure 
D)  Increasing external validity

Question 12

A technique in which participants are told that they will be participating in two separate experiments, but in reality the experimental manipulation is presented in the first experiment and the dependent measure is collected in the second experiment, is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  two-experiments technique. 
B)  cover story technique. 
C)  placebo technique. 
D)  unrelated-experiments technique. 
A)  two-experiments technique. 
B)  cover story technique. 
C)  placebo technique. 
D)  unrelated-experiments technique.

Question 13

Patricia is told by the experimenter that the lights in the experimental room may put people in a positive mood. Although the lights do not actually have any effect on mood, Patricia nevertheless begins to feel a positive mood. The change in mood probably represents which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A pilot test effect 
B)  A manipulation check 
C)  A placebo effect 
D)  A baseline mood effect 
A)  A pilot test effect 
B)  A manipulation check 
C)  A placebo effect 
D)  A baseline mood effect

Question 14

The extent to which the experimental manipulation involves the participants in the research is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a research design. 
B)  baseline. 
C)  experimental realism. 
D)  internal analysis. 
A)  a research design. 
B)  baseline. 
C)  experimental realism. 
D)  internal analysis.

Question 15

An experimenter wishes to know if his research procedure is going to work as he hoped it would. What procedure might he use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimental scripting 
B)  Manipulation checking 
C)  Pilot testing 
D)  Confound testing 
A)  Experimental scripting 
B)  Manipulation checking 
C)  Pilot testing 
D)  Confound testing

Question 16

When the experimental manipulation creates the hoped-for changes in the conceptual variable, it is said to have

Accepted Answer

A)  impact. 
B)  internal validity. 
C)  experimental bias. 
D)  internal realism. 
A)  impact. 
B)  internal validity. 
C)  experimental bias. 
D)  internal realism.

Question 17

Aspects of the research that allow the participants to guess the research hypothesis are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  content validity. 
B)  pilot tests. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  confound checks. 
A)  content validity. 
B)  pilot tests. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  confound checks.

Question 18

A researcher who uses only college students in her research may be trying to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase experimental control. 
B)  reduce confounding. 
C)  increase external validity. 
D)  prevent a Type 1 error. 
A)  increase experimental control. 
B)  reduce confounding. 
C)  increase external validity. 
D)  prevent a Type 1 error.

Question 19

The extent to which changes in the dependent variable can confidently be attributed to the influence of the independent variable is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  pilot testing. 
B)  experimental impact. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  internal analysis. 
A)  pilot testing. 
B)  experimental impact. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  internal analysis.

Question 20

Which of the following would NOT be useful in reducing extraneous variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  An experimental script 
B)  Automated devices 
C)  Controlling the length of the experimental session 
D)  Providing different information to each participant 
A)  An experimental script 
B)  Automated devices 
C)  Controlling the length of the experimental session 
D)  Providing different information to each participant

Experimenter bias refers to

Which of the following best describes confound checks?

A variable other than the independent variable that is found to vary systematically among the conditions is known as

An artifact refers to which of the following?

Which of the following is an advantage of before-after designs?

Incorrect conclusions about research that occur because a Type 1 or Type 2 error has been made lead to which of the following?

In a one-way experiment testing the influence of mood states on performance, the manipulation check will be a measure of

Which of the following is NOT a necessary goal for the creation of a valid experimental manipulation?

Researchers who do not know the research hypothesis are known as

Pilot testing before conducting an experiment helps to be sure that

Which of the following procedures would be likely to reduce experimenter bias?

A technique in which participants are told that they will be participating in two separate experiments, but in reality the experimental manipulation is presented in the first experiment and the dependent measure is collected in the second experiment, is called the

Patricia is told by the experimenter that the lights in the experimental room may put people in a positive mood. Although the lights do not actually have any effect on mood, Patricia nevertheless begins to feel a positive mood. The change in mood probably represents which of the following?

The extent to which the experimental manipulation involves the participants in the research is called

An experimenter wishes to know if his research procedure is going to work as he hoped it would. What procedure might he use?

When the experimental manipulation creates the hoped-for changes in the conceptual variable, it is said to have

Aspects of the research that allow the participants to guess the research hypothesis are known as

A researcher who uses only college students in her research may be trying to

The extent to which changes in the dependent variable can confidently be attributed to the influence of the independent variable is known as

Which of the following would NOT be useful in reducing extraneous variables?

Introduction to Research

Developing the Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 12: Experimental Control and Internal Validity

Experimenter bias refers to

Which of the following best describes confound checks?

A variable other than the independent variable that is found to vary systematically among the conditions is known as

An artifact refers to which of the following?

Which of the following is an advantage of before-after designs?

Incorrect conclusions about research that occur because a Type 1 or Type 2 error has been made lead to which of the following?

In a one-way experiment testing the influence of mood states on performance, the manipulation check will be a measure of

Which of the following is NOT a necessary goal for the creation of a valid experimental manipulation?

Researchers who do not know the research hypothesis are known as

Pilot testing before conducting an experiment helps to be sure that

Which of the following procedures would be likely to reduce experimenter bias?

A technique in which participants are told that they will be participating in two separate experiments, but in reality the experimental manipulation is presented in the first experiment and the dependent measure is collected in the second experiment, is called the

Patricia is told by the experimenter that the lights in the experimental room may put people in a positive mood. Although the lights do not actually have any effect on mood, Patricia nevertheless begins to feel a positive mood. The change in mood probably represents which of the following?

The extent to which the experimental manipulation involves the participants in the research is called

An experimenter wishes to know if his research procedure is going to work as he hoped it would. What procedure might he use?

When the experimental manipulation creates the hoped-for changes in the conceptual variable, it is said to have

Aspects of the research that allow the participants to guess the research hypothesis are known as

A researcher who uses only college students in her research may be trying to

The extent to which changes in the dependent variable can confidently be attributed to the influence of the independent variable is known as

Which of the following would NOT be useful in reducing extraneous variables?

Introduction to Research

Developing the Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters