Question 1

Margie sets alpha to .05 whereas Charles sets alpha to .10. Which of the following is more likely to occur to Margie than to Charles?

Accepted Answer

A)  She may miss a relationship that is really there. 
B)  She may overestimate her effect size. 
C)  She may find too many statistically significant relationships. 
D)  She may underestimate her effect size. 
A)  She may miss a relationship that is really there. 
B)  She may overestimate her effect size. 
C)  She may find too many statistically significant relationships. 
D)  She may underestimate her effect size.

Question 2

Which of the following will be likely to increase statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

A)  A larger sample size 
B)  A smaller alpha 
C)  A smaller effect size 
D)  A two-sided (rather than a one-sided) p-value 
A)  A larger sample size 
B)  A smaller alpha 
C)  A smaller effect size 
D)  A two-sided (rather than a one-sided) p-value

Question 3

Normally, in behavioral research

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha is smaller than beta. 
B)  beta is smaller than alpha. 
C)  beta and alpha are equal. 
D)  alpha and beta are both set at .05. 
A)  alpha is smaller than beta. 
B)  beta is smaller than alpha. 
C)  beta and alpha are equal. 
D)  alpha and beta are both set at .05.

Question 4

In a correlational design, the assumed null hypothesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  r = 1.00. 
B)  r  0 or r < 0. 
D)  r = 0. 
A)  r = 1.00. 
B)  r  0 or r < 0. 
D)  r = 0.

Question 5

Alpha serves as

Accepted Answer

A)  a standard against which the p-value is compared. 
B)  a measure of statistical significance. 
C)  an estimate of the effect size. 
D)  an inferential statistic. 
A)  a standard against which the p-value is compared. 
B)  a measure of statistical significance. 
C)  an estimate of the effect size. 
D)  an inferential statistic.

Question 6

The sampling distribution is essentially a picture of

Accepted Answer

A)  the research hypothesis. 
B)  the effect size. 
C)  the null hypothesis. 
D)  statistical significance. 
A)  the research hypothesis. 
B)  the effect size. 
C)  the null hypothesis. 
D)  statistical significance.

Question 7

Which of the following represents the assumption that the observed data will not differ between experimental conditions, except for differences due to chance?

Accepted Answer

A)  The alternate hypothesis 
B)  The margin of error 
C)  The null hypothesis 
D)  The sampling distribution 
A)  The alternate hypothesis 
B)  The margin of error 
C)  The null hypothesis 
D)  The sampling distribution

Question 8

Beta refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability of making a Type 1 error. 
B)  the probability of making a Type 2 error. 
C)  the p-value. 
D)  1 plus the effect size statistic. 
A)  the probability of making a Type 1 error. 
B)  the probability of making a Type 2 error. 
C)  the p-value. 
D)  1 plus the effect size statistic.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the p-value?

Accepted Answer

A)  It indicates how many observations have been made. 
B)  It indicates whether the result is likely to have occurred by chance. 
C)  It indicates the likelihood of having made a Type 1 error. 
D)  It indicates the likelihood of having made a Type 2 error. 
A)  It indicates how many observations have been made. 
B)  It indicates whether the result is likely to have occurred by chance. 
C)  It indicates the likelihood of having made a Type 1 error. 
D)  It indicates the likelihood of having made a Type 2 error.

Question 10

Results are said to be statistically significant if

Accepted Answer

A)  p  alpha. 
C)  beta = alpha. 
D)  beta < alpha. 
A)  p  alpha. 
C)  beta = alpha. 
D)  beta < alpha.

Question 11

A researcher has found a relationship that has an effect size of .60. How should the researcher consider this effect size?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a small effect size. 
B)  It is a medium effect size. 
C)  It is a large effect size. 
D)  An effect size of .60 cannot be found. 
A)  It is a small effect size. 
B)  It is a medium effect size. 
C)  It is a large effect size. 
D)  An effect size of .60 cannot be found.

Question 12

One way to alleviate the difficulty of missing weak relationships is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase beta. 
B)  decrease statistical power. 
C)  increase the sample size. 
D)  decrease alpha. 
A)  increase beta. 
B)  decrease statistical power. 
C)  increase the sample size. 
D)  decrease alpha.

Question 13

Alpha refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability of making a Type 1 error. 
B)  the probability of making a Type 2 error. 
C)  the p-value. 
D)  1 minus the power of the statistical test. 
A)  the probability of making a Type 1 error. 
B)  the probability of making a Type 2 error. 
C)  the p-value. 
D)  1 minus the power of the statistical test.

Question 14

A Type 2 error occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B)  a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is true. 
C)  a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 
D)  a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true. 
A)  a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B)  a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is true. 
C)  a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 
D)  a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true.

Question 15

What is the advantage of using two-sided (as opposed to one-sided) p-values?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more likely to produce significant results. 
B)  They have greater statistical power. 
C)  They are less common in research. 
D)  They allow the researcher to interpret unexpected but significant relationships. 
A)  They are more likely to produce significant results. 
B)  They have greater statistical power. 
C)  They are less common in research. 
D)  They allow the researcher to interpret unexpected but significant relationships.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the research hypothesis were true. 
B)  Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the null hypothesis were true. 
C)  Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the p-value were less than alpha. 
D)  Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the p-value were equal to .05. 
A)  Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the research hypothesis were true. 
B)  Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the null hypothesis were true. 
C)  Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the p-value were less than alpha. 
D)  Hypothesis testing involves comparing the observed data to what would have been expected if the p-value were equal to .05.

Margie sets alpha to .05 whereas Charles sets alpha to .10. Which of the following is more likely to occur to Margie than to Charles?

Which of the following will be likely to increase statistical significance?

Normally, in behavioral research

In a correlational design, the assumed null hypothesis is

Alpha serves as

The sampling distribution is essentially a picture of

Which of the following represents the assumption that the observed data will not differ between experimental conditions, except for differences due to chance?

Beta refers to

Which of the following is true about the p-value?

Results are said to be statistically significant if

A researcher has found a relationship that has an effect size of .60. How should the researcher consider this effect size?

One way to alleviate the difficulty of missing weak relationships is to

Alpha refers to

A Type 2 error occurs when

What is the advantage of using two-sided (as opposed to one-sided) p-values?

Which of the following is true about hypothesis testing?

Introduction to Research

Developing the Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 8: Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Margie sets alpha to .05 whereas Charles sets alpha to .10. Which of the following is more likely to occur to Margie than to Charles?

Which of the following will be likely to increase statistical significance?

Normally, in behavioral research

In a correlational design, the assumed null hypothesis is

Alpha serves as

The sampling distribution is essentially a picture of

Which of the following represents the assumption that the observed data will not differ between experimental conditions, except for differences due to chance?

Beta refers to

Which of the following is true about the p-value?

Results are said to be statistically significant if

A researcher has found a relationship that has an effect size of .60. How should the researcher consider this effect size?

One way to alleviate the difficulty of missing weak relationships is to

Alpha refers to

A Type 2 error occurs when

What is the advantage of using two-sided (as opposed to one-sided) p-values?

Which of the following is true about hypothesis testing?

Introduction to Research

Developing the Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters