Question 1

Which of the following is most accurate in regards to bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is concerned with the biotransformation process after a compound is administered into the human body. 
B)  It forces the body to absorb a compound more rapidly. 
C)  It is only 1/100,000th of an inch from drug molecules and the circulatory system. 
D)  It reflects the amount of a compound in the body that can exert an effect. 
A)  It is concerned with the biotransformation process after a compound is administered into the human body. 
B)  It forces the body to absorb a compound more rapidly. 
C)  It is only 1/100,000th of an inch from drug molecules and the circulatory system. 
D)  It reflects the amount of a compound in the body that can exert an effect. D

Question 2

The term "skin popping" used by some drug addicts refers to the route of drug administration.

Accepted Answer

A)  subcutaneous 
B)  intravenous 
C)  transdermal 
D)  enteral 
A)  subcutaneous 
B)  intravenous 
C)  transdermal 
D)  enteral A

Question 3

Describe the term distribution half­life, including its two subforms.

Accepted Answer

not answered

Question 4

Jared is experiencing an overdose of heroin. He is rushed to the hospital and given another drug that blocks his opioid receptor sites, thus preventing the effects of the overdose from stopping his respiration. Jared was most likely given an opioid

Accepted Answer

A)  agonist. 
B)  barrier. 
C)  antagonist. 
D)  regulator. 
A)  agonist. 
B)  barrier. 
C)  antagonist. 
D)  regulator.

Question 5

Describe the process of biotransformation.

Accepted Answer

Biotransformation is the process by whic

Question 6

Which process is affected by factors such as the individual's sex, state of hydration, genetic heritage, general health, and muscle/adipose tissue ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peak effect 
B)  Drug interaction 
C)  Diffusion 
D)  Distribution 
A)  Peak effect 
B)  Drug interaction 
C)  Diffusion 
D)  Distribution

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding drugs of abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)  The speed at which the compound begins to take effect varies as a result of the drug-specific site of action. 
B)  The heart and cardiovascular system are of minimal importance to the process of biotransformation. 
C)  The site of action is the central nervous system. 
D)  Rectal administration is quite common, although it is relatively inefficient. 
A)  The speed at which the compound begins to take effect varies as a result of the drug-specific site of action. 
B)  The heart and cardiovascular system are of minimal importance to the process of biotransformation. 
C)  The site of action is the central nervous system. 
D)  Rectal administration is quite common, although it is relatively inefficient.

Question 8

Virtually all drugs of abuse known at this time

Accepted Answer

A)  either once were or now are being investigated as potential pharmaceutical agents. 
B)  are not very different in chemical structure from earlier generations of recreational chemicals. 
C)  tend to enhance the function of the central nervous system. 
D)  are found to have their main effects outside of the central nervous system. 
A)  either once were or now are being investigated as potential pharmaceutical agents. 
B)  are not very different in chemical structure from earlier generations of recreational chemicals. 
C)  tend to enhance the function of the central nervous system. 
D)  are found to have their main effects outside of the central nervous system.

Question 9

The effect of a drug is the desired effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  compound 
B)  placebo 
C)  secondary 
D)  primary 
A)  compound 
B)  placebo 
C)  secondary 
D)  primary

Question 10

According to your text, drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals both

Accepted Answer

A)  destroy emerging potentials within the body. 
B)  cause a disruption in protein absorption for most persons. 
C)  destroy most of the essential enzymes found in the brain. 
D)  modify a potential that already exists in the body or brain. 
A)  destroy emerging potentials within the body. 
B)  cause a disruption in protein absorption for most persons. 
C)  destroy most of the essential enzymes found in the brain. 
D)  modify a potential that already exists in the body or brain.

Question 11

If 95 percent of test subjects have the desired response to medication "X" at a dosage level of 15 mg, this would be called

Accepted Answer

A)  the LD95. 
B)  the ED95. 
C)  the minimal effective dose. 
D)  the therapeutic half-life of that compound at the 95th percentile. 
A)  the LD95. 
B)  the ED95. 
C)  the minimal effective dose. 
D)  the therapeutic half-life of that compound at the 95th percentile.

Question 12

Which process helps explains how a drug may change a neuron through shortening the duration of drug effects after repeated administration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tolerance/neuroadaptation 
B)  Reuptake 
C)  Co-transmission 
D)  Down regulation 
A)  Tolerance/neuroadaptation 
B)  Reuptake 
C)  Co-transmission 
D)  Down regulation

Question 13

Discuss, with examples, the terms prime and side effects of chemical compounds.

Accepted Answer

The term "prime" in the context of chemi

Question 14

Define the terms effective dose and lethal dose. Explain how these might be used to calculate the therapeutic index
of a drug.

Accepted Answer

The effective dose (ED) is the amount of

Question 15

Drugs that are abused comprise a special class of chemicals that are different from drugs that are used pharmaceutically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If 99 percent of test subjects have the desired response to the same medication identified in the last question at a dosage level of 20 mg, this would be called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the LD99. 
B)  the ED99. 
C)  the minimal effective dose. 
D)  the therapeutic half-life of that compound at the 99th percentile. 
A)  the LD99. 
B)  the ED99. 
C)  the minimal effective dose. 
D)  the therapeutic half-life of that compound at the 99th percentile.

Question 17

A compound that is 98 percent lipid-bound means

Accepted Answer

A)  98 percent of that compound's molecules have formed chemical bonds with lipids found in the blood. 
B)  98 percent of that compound's molecules are available for the body to use immediately. 
C)  98 percent of the molecules for that compound are subject to elimination more rapidly because of being in this state. 
D)  2 percent of the drug molecules are not available to have any biological effect. 
A)  98 percent of that compound's molecules have formed chemical bonds with lipids found in the blood. 
B)  98 percent of that compound's molecules are available for the body to use immediately. 
C)  98 percent of the molecules for that compound are subject to elimination more rapidly because of being in this state. 
D)  2 percent of the drug molecules are not available to have any biological effect.

Question 18

According to your text, in order for the user to experience the main effects of a pharmaceutical agent, he or she must

Accepted Answer

A)  be willing to pay the fee for the prescription. 
B)  be willing to endure possible side effects from that compound. 
C)  not plan to use that compound to treat neurological deficiencies or trauma. 
D)  interpret the effects within the framework of his or her life at the time the compound was ingested. 
A)  be willing to pay the fee for the prescription. 
B)  be willing to endure possible side effects from that compound. 
C)  not plan to use that compound to treat neurological deficiencies or trauma. 
D)  interpret the effects within the framework of his or her life at the time the compound was ingested.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT part of the absorption process of drug molecules in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Detoxification 
B)  Cellular transport mechanisms 
C)  Method of administration 
D)  Molecular binding characteristics of that compound 
A)  Detoxification 
B)  Cellular transport mechanisms 
C)  Method of administration 
D)  Molecular binding characteristics of that compound

Question 20

For virtually all drugs of abuse, the site of action usually

Accepted Answer

A)  is the central nervous system. 
B)  is on the contralateral side of the body from where it was administered. 
C)  involves the kidneys during the biotransformation process. 
D)  depends on how the substance was administered. 
A)  is the central nervous system. 
B)  is on the contralateral side of the body from where it was administered. 
C)  involves the kidneys during the biotransformation process. 
D)  depends on how the substance was administered.

Exam 3: A Brief Introduction to the Science of Pharmacology

Which of the following is most accurate in regards to bioavailability?

The term "skin popping" used by some drug addicts refers to the route of drug administration.

Describe the term distribution half­life, including its two subforms.

Jared is experiencing an overdose of heroin. He is rushed to the hospital and given another drug that blocks his opioid receptor sites, thus preventing the effects of the overdose from stopping his respiration. Jared was most likely given an opioid

Describe the process of biotransformation.

Which process is affected by factors such as the individual's sex, state of hydration, genetic heritage, general health, and muscle/adipose tissue ratio?

Which of the following is true regarding drugs of abuse?

Virtually all drugs of abuse known at this time

The effect of a drug is the desired effect.

According to your text, drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals both

If 95 percent of test subjects have the desired response to medication "X" at a dosage level of 15 mg, this would be called

Which process helps explains how a drug may change a neuron through shortening the duration of drug effects after repeated administration?

Discuss, with examples, the terms prime and side effects of chemical compounds.

Define the terms effective dose and lethal dose. Explain how these might be used to calculate the therapeutic index of a drug.

Drugs that are abused comprise a special class of chemicals that are different from drugs that are used pharmaceutically.

If 99 percent of test subjects have the desired response to the same medication identified in the last question at a dosage level of 20 mg, this would be called:

A compound that is 98 percent lipid-bound means

According to your text, in order for the user to experience the main effects of a pharmaceutical agent, he or she must

Which of the following is NOT part of the absorption process of drug molecules in the human body?

For virtually all drugs of abuse, the site of action usually

Why Worry About Substance Abuse or Addiction

The Nature of the Beast

An Introduction to Alcohol: Mans Oldest Recreational Chemical

The Alcohol Use Disorders

Abuse and Addiction to Barbiturates and Barbiturate-Like Compounds

Abuse and Addiction to Benzodiazepines and Similar Agents

Abuse and Addiction to Central Nervous System Stimulants

Cocaine Abuse and Dependence

Marijuana Abuse and Addiction

Opiode Use, Abuse, and Addiction

Abuse and Addiction to Hallucinogens

Abuse and Addiction to Inhalants and Aerosols

The Under-Recognized Problem of Steroid Abuseaddiction

Over the Counter Analgesics

Tobacco Products and Nicotine Addiction

The Potential Consequences of Drug Abuse During Pregnancy

Gender and Substance Use Disorders

Hidden Faces of Substance Use Disorders

Substance Use and Abuse by Children and Adolescents

Substance Use Disorders in College Settings

Codependency and Enabling

Addiction and the Family

The Dual-Diagnosis Client: Substance Use Disorders and Mental Illness

The Biopsychosocial Model of the Addictions

The Substance Use Disorders As a Disease of the Human Spirit

The Assessment of Suspected Substance Use Disorders

Intervention

Treatment Settings

The Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

The Process of Treatment

Pharmacological Interventions for Substance Use Disorders

Relapse and Other Problems Frequently Encountered in Substance Abuse Rehabilitation

Support Groups to Promote and Sustain Recovery

Substance Use Disorders and and Infectious Disease

The Relationship Between Drug Use and Crime

The Debate Over Legalization Appendices Glossary References Index

Filters

Describe the term distribution halflife, including its two subforms.