Question 1

All of the following are examples of beta- lactam drugs EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  monobactams. 
B)  cephalothin. 
C)  vancomycin. 
D)  penicillin G. 
E)  methicillin. 
A)  monobactams. 
B)  cephalothin. 
C)  vancomycin. 
D)  penicillin G. 
E)  methicillin. C

Question 2

Discuss the cellular factors that might make a drug more narrow spectrum rather than broad spectrum.

Accepted Answer

When a drug is labeled "narrow spectrum," meaning that it has activity against only a limited number of microbes, it is generally because of some form of natural resistance that many microbes develop against the drug. For example, many drugs work better against Gram- positive organisms than Gram- negative ones because of the outer membrane found in Gram- negative cell walls. This membrane does not allow these drugs to enter the cell as readily as they enter Gram- positive cells. Other cellular factors that can have an effect on the spectrum of action of a particular drug include the presence of R- plasmids in the cell that carries resistance genes; the presence of altered cell membrane or cell wall proteins that prevent the passage of some types of drugs; and alterations in a cell's metabolic pathways, which can make the cell more resistant to certain types of drugs.

Question 3

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta- lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid, a beta- lactamase inhibitor, is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  antimetabolism. 
B)  chemotherapy. 
C)  synergism. 
D)  cross resistance. 
E)  selective toxicity. 
A)  antimetabolism. 
B)  chemotherapy. 
C)  synergism. 
D)  cross resistance. 
E)  selective toxicity. C

Question 4

A(n) drug is effective against only a few kinds of pathogens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) drug is effective against only a...

Question 5

Which of the following drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis specifically in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  rifampin 
B)  actinomycin 
C)  quinolones 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
E)  A, B, and C are correct. 
A)  rifampin 
B)  actinomycin 
C)  quinolones 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
E)  A, B, and C are correct.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of the inhibition observed in a Kirby- Bauer test?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a result of diffusion of the drug out of the paper disk. 
B)  It is measured as a diameter. 
C)  It is a clearing zone with no growth. 
D)  The larger the zone, the more resistant the organism is. 
E)  It is measured after incubation. 
A)  It is a result of diffusion of the drug out of the paper disk. 
B)  It is measured as a diameter. 
C)  It is a clearing zone with no growth. 
D)  The larger the zone, the more resistant the organism is. 
E)  It is measured after incubation.

Question 7

AIDS patients are routinely treated with combinations of various anti- HIV drugs; these combinations are called drug .

Accepted Answer

The answer of AIDS patients are routinely treated with combinations...

Question 8

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the heart and the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

External infections can be treated by administration, in which a drug is applied directly to the site of infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of External infections can be treated by administration,...

Question 10

Which of the following works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  terbinafine 
B)  fluconazole 
C)  amphotericin B 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
E)  A, B, and C are correct. 
A)  terbinafine 
B)  fluconazole 
C)  amphotericin B 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
E)  A, B, and C are correct.

Question 11

All of the following are criteria by which all antimicrobial agents can be evaluated EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  their efficacy. 
B)  their route of administration. 
C)  their spectrum of action. 
D)  their activity against cell walls. 
E)  their safety. 
A)  their efficacy. 
B)  their route of administration. 
C)  their spectrum of action. 
D)  their activity against cell walls. 
E)  their safety.

Question 12

The cell wall inhibiting drug bacitracin works by

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking the transport of cell wall molecules from the cytoplasm. 
B)  preventing the formation of alanine- alanine bridges. 
C)  inhibiting the enzyme that synthesizes glucan. 
D)  disrupting the formation of the mycolic acid layer of the cell wall. 
E)  preventing the cross- linkage of NAM subunits. 
A)  blocking the transport of cell wall molecules from the cytoplasm. 
B)  preventing the formation of alanine- alanine bridges. 
C)  inhibiting the enzyme that synthesizes glucan. 
D)  disrupting the formation of the mycolic acid layer of the cell wall. 
E)  preventing the cross- linkage of NAM subunits.

Question 13

Semisynthetic drugs represent all of the following improvements EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  they work faster. 
B)  they are broader spectrum in their action. 
C)  they are more stable in the stomach. 
D)  they are less susceptible to deactivation by bacterial enzymes. 
E)  they are more readily absorbed in the intestines. 
A)  they work faster. 
B)  they are broader spectrum in their action. 
C)  they are more stable in the stomach. 
D)  they are less susceptible to deactivation by bacterial enzymes. 
E)  they are more readily absorbed in the intestines.

Question 14

All antimicrobials are chemotherapeutic agents, but not all chemotherapeutic agents are antimicrobials.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Beta- lactamase production is an example of which of the following types of resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivation of the drug 
B)  change in the permeability of the drug 
C)  overproduction of an enzyme in a key metabolic pathway 
D)  removal of the drug via a pump 
E)  alternation of the target 
A)  inactivation of the drug 
B)  change in the permeability of the drug 
C)  overproduction of an enzyme in a key metabolic pathway 
D)  removal of the drug via a pump 
E)  alternation of the target

Question 16

All of the following are targets of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the shape of the 30S ribosomal subunit. 
B)  movement of the ribosome from one codon to the next. 
C)  the enzymatic site of the 50S ribosomal subunit. 
D)  the tRNA docking site. 
E)  interference with alanine- alanine bridges. 
A)  the shape of the 30S ribosomal subunit. 
B)  movement of the ribosome from one codon to the next. 
C)  the enzymatic site of the 50S ribosomal subunit. 
D)  the tRNA docking site. 
E)  interference with alanine- alanine bridges.

Question 17

Another term for the Kirby- Bauer test is the

Accepted Answer

A)  minimum bactericidal concentration test. 
B)  broth dilution test. 
C)  Etest. 
D)  minimum inhibitory concentration test. 
E)  diffusion susceptibility test. 
A)  minimum bactericidal concentration test. 
B)  broth dilution test. 
C)  Etest. 
D)  minimum inhibitory concentration test. 
E)  diffusion susceptibility test.

Question 18

Sulfonamides

Accepted Answer

A)  indirectly inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids. 
B)  are antimetabolic drugs. 
C)  were the first widely used antimicrobial drugs. 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
E)  A, B, and C are correct. 
A)  indirectly inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids. 
B)  are antimetabolic drugs. 
C)  were the first widely used antimicrobial drugs. 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
E)  A, B, and C are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfanilamide; first antibiotic to be discovered 
B)  Fleming; discovery of penicillin 
C)  Ehrlich; proposal of the term "chemotherapy" 
D)  Domagk; discovery of sulfanilamide 
E)  None of these is an incorrect pairing. 
A)  sulfanilamide; first antibiotic to be discovered 
B)  Fleming; discovery of penicillin 
C)  Ehrlich; proposal of the term "chemotherapy" 
D)  Domagk; discovery of sulfanilamide 
E)  None of these is an incorrect pairing.

Question 20

All of the following drugs affect the proper function of the ribosome EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  streptomycin. 
B)  erythromycin. 
C)  tetracyclines. 
D)  polymyxin. 
E)  chloramphenicol. 
A)  streptomycin. 
B)  erythromycin. 
C)  tetracyclines. 
D)  polymyxin. 
E)  chloramphenicol.

Exam 10: Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

All of the following are examples of beta- lactam drugs EXCEPT:

Discuss the cellular factors that might make a drug more narrow spectrum rather than broad spectrum.

The cooperative activity of drugs such as beta- lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid, a beta- lactamase inhibitor, is known as

A(n) drug is effective against only a few kinds of pathogens.

Which of the following drugs inhibits nucleic acid synthesis specifically in prokaryotes?

Which of the following is NOT true of the inhibition observed in a Kirby- Bauer test?

AIDS patients are routinely treated with combinations of various anti- HIV drugs; these combinations are called drug .

Organs that are commonly affected by drug toxicity include the heart and the liver.

External infections can be treated by administration, in which a drug is applied directly to the site of infection.

Which of the following works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis?

All of the following are criteria by which all antimicrobial agents can be evaluated EXCEPT:

The cell wall inhibiting drug bacitracin works by

Semisynthetic drugs represent all of the following improvements EXCEPT:

All antimicrobials are chemotherapeutic agents, but not all chemotherapeutic agents are antimicrobials.

Beta- lactamase production is an example of which of the following types of resistance?

All of the following are targets of drugs that inhibit protein synthesis EXCEPT:

Another term for the Kirby- Bauer test is the

Sulfonamides

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

All of the following drugs affect the proper function of the ribosome EXCEPT:

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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