Question 1

Both IgM and IgA have which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination of antigens 
B)  neutralization of antigens 
C)  complement activation 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
E)  A, B, and C are correct. 
A)  agglutination of antigens 
B)  neutralization of antigens 
C)  complement activation 
D)  Both A and B are correct. 
E)  A, B, and C are correct. D

Question 2

Which of the following recognizes and binds to MHC II antigens and helps stabilize the binding of antigenic determinants to T cell receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  CCR3 
B)  CD26 
C)  MHC I 
D)  CD4 
E)  CCR5 
A)  CCR3 
B)  CD26 
C)  MHC I 
D)  CD4 
E)  CCR5 D

Question 3

What are the groups of antigens according to their relationship to the body?

Accepted Answer

There are three types of antigens according to their relationship to the body:
1. Exogenous antigens from microbes outside the body.
2. Endogenous antigens, produced when the pathogen is inside the cell. The immune system cannot recog these antigens unless the infected cell incorporates these antigens into its cytoplasmic membrane.
3. Autoantigens found on the individual's noninfected cells.

Question 4

An antigen produced by a pathogen while living inside a cell is known as a(n) antigen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An antigen produced by a pathogen while...

Question 5

The perforin- granzyme pathway involves

Accepted Answer

A)  binding CD95L to infected cells, which eventually leads to cell apoptosis. 
B)  presenting the foreign antigen to B cells. 
C)  the production of antibodies toward the invading pathogen. 
D)  the production of fever, which kills the pathogen. 
E)  the synthesis of special cell- killing proteins that act on infected or abnormal cells. 
A)  binding CD95L to infected cells, which eventually leads to cell apoptosis. 
B)  presenting the foreign antigen to B cells. 
C)  the production of antibodies toward the invading pathogen. 
D)  the production of fever, which kills the pathogen. 
E)  the synthesis of special cell- killing proteins that act on infected or abnormal cells.

Question 6

Secretory component is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  IgD 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgM 
E)  IgE 
A)  IgD 
B)  IgG 
C)  IgA 
D)  IgM 
E)  IgE

Question 7

Which of these statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists estimate that each person forms at at least 109 different types of B lymphocytes with a set of distinct BCRs. 
B)  Each B lymphocyte is randomly generated with antibody- variable regions that determine its BCR. 
C)  They are complementary in shape to the antigenic determinants of antigens that they may or may not encounter. 
D)  They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen. 
E)  They are bound to the surface of B lymphocytes and have two antigen- binding sites. 
A)  Scientists estimate that each person forms at at least 109 different types of B lymphocytes with a set of distinct BCRs. 
B)  Each B lymphocyte is randomly generated with antibody- variable regions that determine its BCR. 
C)  They are complementary in shape to the antigenic determinants of antigens that they may or may not encounter. 
D)  They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen. 
E)  They are bound to the surface of B lymphocytes and have two antigen- binding sites.

Question 8

Historically, body fluids such as lymph and blood were known as .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Historically, body fluids such as lymph and...

Question 9

Large molecules such as polymers with repeating subunits make good antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Describe the different types of acquired immunity.

Accepted Answer

There are four categories of acquired im

Question 11

Which of the following cytokines acts as a signal between leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukins 
B)  tumor necrosis factors 
C)  chemokines 
D)  interferons 
E)  growth factors 
A)  interleukins 
B)  tumor necrosis factors 
C)  chemokines 
D)  interferons 
E)  growth factors

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies have two short peptide chains known as light chains. 
B)  Antibodies are formed of four polypeptide chains. 
C)  There are five types of Fc regions. 
D)  Antibodies have two long peptide chains known as heavy chains. 
E)  The stem and arms are connected by hydrogen bonds. 
A)  Antibodies have two short peptide chains known as light chains. 
B)  Antibodies are formed of four polypeptide chains. 
C)  There are five types of Fc regions. 
D)  Antibodies have two long peptide chains known as heavy chains. 
E)  The stem and arms are connected by hydrogen bonds.

Question 13

Lymph node aggregates are found in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the abdomen. 
B)  the axilla (armpit). 
C)  the neck. 
D)  the groin. 
E)  the wrist. 
A)  the abdomen. 
B)  the axilla (armpit). 
C)  the neck. 
D)  the groin. 
E)  the wrist.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  the lymph nodes 
B)  the liver 
C)  the spleen 
D)  Peyer's patches 
E)  the tonsils 
A)  the lymph nodes 
B)  the liver 
C)  the spleen 
D)  Peyer's patches 
E)  the tonsils

Question 15

Antigen- presenting cells (APCs) include monocytes, macrophages, and their closely related relatives, such as
.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antigen- presenting cells (APCs) include monocytes, macrophages,...

Question 16

The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG. 
B)  IgE. 
C)  IgD. 
D)  IgM. 
E)  IgA. 
A)  IgG. 
B)  IgE. 
C)  IgD. 
D)  IgM. 
E)  IgA.

Question 17

Because T cells act directly against antigens, their activity is considered part of the immune response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because T cells act directly against antigens,...

Question 18

B lymphocytes can bind directly to large antigens with repeating polysaccharide subunits, such as a bacterial
capsule that has antigenic determinants known as .

Accepted Answer

T- indepen

Question 19

Antibodies from animals such as horses constitute artificially acquired passive immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Under normal situations, lymphocytes do not act against autoantigens because

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies produced against autoantigens are destroyed. 
B)  they never have binding sites that are complementary to autoantigens. 
C)  antibodies prevent them from binding to the body's own cells. 
D)  they identify cells with autoantigens as belonging to the body and do not attack them. 
E)  lymphocytes that bind to autoantigenes undergo apoptosis. 
A)  antibodies produced against autoantigens are destroyed. 
B)  they never have binding sites that are complementary to autoantigens. 
C)  antibodies prevent them from binding to the body's own cells. 
D)  they identify cells with autoantigens as belonging to the body and do not attack them. 
E)  lymphocytes that bind to autoantigenes undergo apoptosis.

Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

Both IgM and IgA have which of the following functions?

Which of the following recognizes and binds to MHC II antigens and helps stabilize the binding of antigenic determinants to T cell receptors?

What are the groups of antigens according to their relationship to the body?

An antigen produced by a pathogen while living inside a cell is known as a(n) antigen.

The perforin- granzyme pathway involves

Secretory component is associated with which of the following?

Which of these statements concerning B cell receptors (BCRs) is incorrect?

Historically, body fluids such as lymph and blood were known as .

Large molecules such as polymers with repeating subunits make good antigens.

Describe the different types of acquired immunity.

Which of the following cytokines acts as a signal between leukocytes?

Which of the following statements concerning the chemical structure of an antibody is incorrect?

Lymph node aggregates are found in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the immune system?

Antigen- presenting cells (APCs) include monocytes, macrophages, and their closely related relatives, such as .

The most prevalent type of antibody in the blood is

Because T cells act directly against antigens, their activity is considered part of the immune response.

B lymphocytes can bind directly to large antigens with repeating polysaccharide subunits, such as a bacterial capsule that has antigenic determinants known as .

Antibodies from animals such as horses constitute artificially acquired passive immunity.

Under normal situations, lymphocytes do not act against autoantigens because

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