Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Experts tend to rely on schemas to solve their specialized problems, and thus when solving a problem they make use of long-term memory where these schemas reside. In contrast, novices who don't have such schemas are forced to solve problems in their Limited _ _ memory.

One morning, John decides to have oatmeal for breakfast, and he later performs very well on a math test that he takes that day. He doesn't think too much about this until a few weeks later when he does very well on an English test and recalls that he had oatmeal for breakfast before that test too. He concludes that eating oatmeal in the morning helps him perform better on exams. This example best demonstrates:

Which of the following was NOT one of the major components of wisdom proposed by Baltes and colleagues?

In the classic study on mental rotation, what did Shepard and Metzler find was the relationship between the speed that participants made judgments on whether two shapes were the same or different, and the degree of rotation?

Let's say that I show you a picture of a car. Then I ask you to imagine a car. We would expect the neural response to be the same because of

An impairment in speech comprehension or production is known as:

"The Crow and the Trains" problem was presented to demonstrate the importance of framing a problem correctly.

You are hungry and would like something to eat. You decide to look through the pantry and you see a box of macaroni and cheese that looks good. Without really thinking about it, you know how to do all the various steps involved in making this meal, such as filling a pot with water, boiling the water, cooking the pasta, mixing in the cheese sauce, and finding a plate on which to put the finished meal. This type of specialized knowledge is best considered to be an example of:

The results of mental scanning experiments indicate that:

In his research on bilingual speakers, Lambert found that:

Following a car accident, Mr. Jones had a great deal of difficulty understanding speech. At the hospital, the brain scan is most likely to show damage to

If I were to ask you what it means to do the laundry, you might say, "Gather the dirty clothes, sort them into piles, put the same colours in the washer, add detergent, and turn on the machine." Your understanding of this task can be referred to as

The problem-solving pitfall of a mental set was demonstrated most clearly in:

One study asked college students to predict the likelihood of experiencing different personal life events. The researchers found that students' accuracy in making predictions was unrelated to how certain they were about their predictions. This is an example of:

A person who engages in "top-down" processing and reasons from general principles to conclusions about a particular case is involved in deductive reasoning.

The smallest unit of sound that can be distinctly recognized in a language is known as a: