Exam 9: Language and Thinking

When the availability heuristic leads us astray, it is assumed that this happens because we confuse how readily something comes to mind from memory with:

How many morphemes are in the word "airlines"?

While trying to learn what a "doggie" is, little Johnny looks at every animal he sees and compares it to his new puppy. If the animal is similar enough to his own puppy, then he decides it also is a puppy. Johnny's puppy serves as a for dogs.

While playing one afternoon, a group of children decided to develop a special language only they would know. They decided that they would use the word "yof" to mean adults. Whenever a child used the word "yof" the others knew that the child was referring to an adult. This represents which property of language?

Let's say that you are looking at the following image: o. If you were asked to draw the image and your drawing was this: C, we might expect:

Professor Jones and Professor Smith are having a discussion on whether or not apes are capable of language. Professor Jones argues that they do not, while Smith says that they do. To make the strongest argument, Jones would probably refer to the research on

A classic problem called, "The Crow and the Trains" requires you to determine the total distance a crow would fly while flying back and forth between two converging trains. If you initially conceptualized it as a distance problem, it was very difficult to solve but if instead you framed the problem in terms of , it was relatively easy to arrive at the solution.

The proposal that humans have a language acquisition device is based on the evidence that the development of language:

Deductive reasoning is considered to be a stronger and more valid form of reasoning than inductive reasoning because:

The text discusses a problem where you assume that you have a drawer containing 19 single black socks and 13 single blues and you are asked to determine how many socks you must pull out in the dark in order to be sure of having a matching pair. This problem was presented to demonstrate how the belief bias can interfere with deductive reasoning.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding mental imagery?

Stan and Samantha are the proud parents of three little girls. They decide to have one more child because it seems like they are due to have a boy. Stan and Samantha think that most families have both boys and girls therefore they figure the probability the next child will be a boy is high. Stan and Samantha:

The fact that language-deprived children are generally unable to acquire normal language skills when they are found past puberty was presented as evidence of:

Which of the following is NOT a cue used in speech segmentation?

Jeremy is struggling with a problem at work. After a while he decides to take a break and grab some lunch with some friends. When he returns from lunch, he looks at his work again and suddenly sees the answer. Going for lunch probably served as a chance for:

Marcus heard on the radio that there is a 50% chance of rain today. Janis heard that there was 50% of clear skies. Who is more likely to believe that it will not rain today and why?

Which of the following sentences has a single deep structure?

Many people "talk with their hands" when they speak. Why?

What problem-solving pitfall was demonstrated by Luchins' water jars in which the tendency to stick to solutions that have worked in the past results in less effective problem-solving?

According to your textbook, does research support the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature or that it is based on linguistic concepts?