Question 1

One difficulty of repeated-measures designs is that, due to the possibility of fatigue, practice, or carryover, the researcher may need to use

Accepted Answer

A) the ANOVA. 
B) random assignment to conditions. 
C) extra statistical power. 
D) counterbalancing. 
A) the ANOVA. 
B) random assignment to conditions. 
C) extra statistical power. 
D) counterbalancing.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) All experiments must have one or more control conditions. 
B) All experiments must have two or more control conditions. 
C) All experiments must have two or more dependent variables. 
D) Some experiments do not have a control condition. 
A) All experiments must have one or more control conditions. 
B) All experiments must have two or more control conditions. 
C) All experiments must have two or more dependent variables. 
D) Some experiments do not have a control condition.

Question 3

A repeated-measures design refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) An experiment that has two or more levels of the independent variable. 
B) An experiment in which equivalence is created by having the same people participate in more than one condition. 
C) A design which is repeated more than once. 
D) An experiment in which the comparison of the scores on the dependent variable is repeated on different participants in the different levels of the independent variable. 
A) An experiment that has two or more levels of the independent variable. 
B) An experiment in which equivalence is created by having the same people participate in more than one condition. 
C) A design which is repeated more than once. 
D) An experiment in which the comparison of the scores on the dependent variable is repeated on different participants in the different levels of the independent variable.

Question 4

When there are many different levels of the independent variable in a repeated-measures design, it may not be possible to counterbalance using every order of conditions.Which of the following can be used in such a case?

Accepted Answer

A) A Latin square design 
B) A manipulated design 
C) A carryover design 
D) A control design 
A) A Latin square design 
B) A manipulated design 
C) A carryover design 
D) A control design

Question 5

When conducting statistical analyses in an experimental design, in order to confirm the research hypothesis, the researcher hopes that which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The within-groups variance is greater than the between-groups variance. 
B) The between-groups variance is greater than the within-groups variance. 
C) The mean in the experimental condition is greater than the mean in the control condition. 
D) The mean in the control condition is greater than the mean in the experimental condition. 
A) The within-groups variance is greater than the between-groups variance. 
B) The between-groups variance is greater than the within-groups variance. 
C) The mean in the experimental condition is greater than the mean in the control condition. 
D) The mean in the control condition is greater than the mean in the experimental condition.

Question 6

An experiment produces a between-groups variance estimate (mean square) of 25 and a within groups variance estimate (mean square) of 5.The F value is therefore

Accepted Answer

A) .2. 
B) 25. 
C) 10. 
D) 5. 
A) .2. 
B) 25. 
C) 10. 
D) 5.

Question 7

In an experimental research design, the research hypothesis is that

Accepted Answer

A) the participants in the different conditions will show different responses to the dependent variable. 
B) the participants in any one condition will show the same responses to the dependent variable. 
C) the independent variable will produce a significant impact on the experimental manipulation. 
D) the means on the dependent variable will be different in the different levels of the independent variable. 
A) the participants in the different conditions will show different responses to the dependent variable. 
B) the participants in any one condition will show the same responses to the dependent variable. 
C) the independent variable will produce a significant impact on the experimental manipulation. 
D) the means on the dependent variable will be different in the different levels of the independent variable.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of repeated-measures designs over between-participant designs?

Accepted Answer

A) The potential for carryover effects 
B) The potential for practice and fatigue effects 
C) The potential for lowered statistical power 
D) The potential for guessing the hypothesis 
A) The potential for carryover effects 
B) The potential for practice and fatigue effects 
C) The potential for lowered statistical power 
D) The potential for guessing the hypothesis

Question 9

The level of the independent variable in which the situation of interest was created is frequently known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) The control condition 
B) The experimental condition 
C) The randomized condition 
D) The research hypothesis condition 
A) The control condition 
B) The experimental condition 
C) The randomized condition 
D) The research hypothesis condition

Question 10

Which of the following is used to be certain that the participants in the different conditions of a research design are, on average, equivalent before the experiment begins?

Accepted Answer

A) Random sampling of participants 
B) Random assignment to conditions 
C) Temporal priority of the independent variable 
D) A measured dependent variable 
A) Random sampling of participants 
B) Random assignment to conditions 
C) Temporal priority of the independent variable 
D) A measured dependent variable

Question 11

The goal of the ANOVA is to

Accepted Answer

A) correlate the means of two or more independent variables. 
B) correlate the means of two or more dependent variables. 
C) compare the means on a dependent variable across levels of an independent variable. 
D) compare the means on an independent variable across different levels of a dependent variable. 
A) correlate the means of two or more independent variables. 
B) correlate the means of two or more dependent variables. 
C) compare the means on a dependent variable across levels of an independent variable. 
D) compare the means on an independent variable across different levels of a dependent variable.

Question 12

An experimenter studies the influence of ingesting sugar on memory.Children are randomly assigned either to eat a low calorie ice cream cone (low sugar condition) or a Ben and Jerry's cone (high sugar condition).They are then asked to learn ten vocabulary words that they did not previously know, and the number of trials it takes to learn them is measured.The independent variable in this experiment is

Accepted Answer

A) the type of ice cream cone. 
B) the number of trials to learn. 
C) the number of children in each condition. 
D) the differences in the children's memory. 
A) the type of ice cream cone. 
B) the number of trials to learn. 
C) the number of children in each condition. 
D) the differences in the children's memory.

Question 13

In experimental research, the temporal priority of the independent variable is guaranteed through the use of

Accepted Answer

A) the analysis of variance. 
B) the experimental manipulation. 
C) random assignment to conditions. 
D) the creation of initial equivalence. 
A) the analysis of variance. 
B) the experimental manipulation. 
C) random assignment to conditions. 
D) the creation of initial equivalence.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Both the independent and the dependent variables are measured in experimental research. 
B) Only the dependent variable is measured in experimental research. 
C) Only the independent variable is measured in experimental research. 
D) Neither the independent nor the dependent variables are measured in experimental research. 
A) Both the independent and the dependent variables are measured in experimental research. 
B) Only the dependent variable is measured in experimental research. 
C) Only the independent variable is measured in experimental research. 
D) Neither the independent nor the dependent variables are measured in experimental research.

Question 15

Having more than two levels of the independent variable is necessary to

Accepted Answer

A) detect causal relationships. 
B) control for common-causal variables. 
C) detect nonlinear relationships. 
D) produce adequate equivalence across the conditions. 
A) detect causal relationships. 
B) control for common-causal variables. 
C) detect nonlinear relationships. 
D) produce adequate equivalence across the conditions.

Question 16

In an experiment studying the effect of attraction on sexual behavior, the independent variable of attraction is manipulated with two conditions: high attractiveness and low attractiveness.This design has ____________ independent variable with _________level(s).

Accepted Answer

A) two, two 
B) one, three 
C) one, zero 
D) one, two 
A) two, two 
B) one, three 
C) one, zero 
D) one, two

Question 17

Within repeated-measure designs, experimenters may arrange the order of conditions so that each condition has an equal chance of occurring after each other condition.This method is called

Accepted Answer

A) clustering. 
B) confounding. 
C) counterbalancing. 
D) decontamination. 
A) clustering. 
B) confounding. 
C) counterbalancing. 
D) decontamination.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Both the predictor and the outcome variables are measured in correlational research. 
B) Only the outcome variable is measured in correlational research. 
C) Only the predictor variable is measured in correlational research. 
D) Neither the predictor nor the outcome variables is measured in correlational research. 
A) Both the predictor and the outcome variables are measured in correlational research. 
B) Only the outcome variable is measured in correlational research. 
C) Only the predictor variable is measured in correlational research. 
D) Neither the predictor nor the outcome variables is measured in correlational research.

Question 19

In order to compare the means of levels of task performance when mood state is manipulated experimentally, a researcher would likely use which of the following statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

A) F test 
B) Chi-square 
C) Pearson correlation coefficient 
D) Alpha 
A) F test 
B) Chi-square 
C) Pearson correlation coefficient 
D) Alpha

Question 20

Which of the following three characteristics are used in experiments to make inferences about the causal relationship between the independent and the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) Association, causal priority, and temporal stability 
B) Association, temporal priority, and control of common-causal variables 
C) Temporal priority, causal correlation, and control of common-causal variables 
D) Causal correlation, control of common-causal variables, and experimental rigor 
A) Association, causal priority, and temporal stability 
B) Association, temporal priority, and control of common-causal variables 
C) Temporal priority, causal correlation, and control of common-causal variables 
D) Causal correlation, control of common-causal variables, and experimental rigor

One difficulty of repeated-measures designs is that, due to the possibility of fatigue, practice, or carryover, the researcher may need to use

Which of the following statements is true?

A repeated-measures design refers to which of the following?

When there are many different levels of the independent variable in a repeated-measures design, it may not be possible to counterbalance using every order of conditions.Which of the following can be used in such a case?

When conducting statistical analyses in an experimental design, in order to confirm the research hypothesis, the researcher hopes that which of the following is true?

An experiment produces a between-groups variance estimate (mean square) of 25 and a within groups variance estimate (mean square) of 5.The F value is therefore

In an experimental research design, the research hypothesis is that

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of repeated-measures designs over between-participant designs?

The level of the independent variable in which the situation of interest was created is frequently known as which of the following?

Which of the following is used to be certain that the participants in the different conditions of a research design are, on average, equivalent before the experiment begins?

The goal of the ANOVA is to

In experimental research, the temporal priority of the independent variable is guaranteed through the use of

Which of the following statements is true?

Having more than two levels of the independent variable is necessary to

In an experiment studying the effect of attraction on sexual behavior, the independent variable of attraction is manipulated with two conditions: high attractiveness and low attractiveness.This design has ____ independent variable with _level(s).

Within repeated-measure designs, experimenters may arrange the order of conditions so that each condition has an equal chance of occurring after each other condition.This method is called

Which of the following statements is true?

In order to compare the means of levels of task performance when mood state is manipulated experimentally, a researcher would likely use which of the following statistical tests?

Which of the following three characteristics are used in experiments to make inferences about the causal relationship between the independent and the dependent variable?

Introduction to Research and Research Designs

The Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

Exam 10: Experimental Research: One-Way Designs

One difficulty of repeated-measures designs is that, due to the possibility of fatigue, practice, or carryover, the researcher may need to use

Which of the following statements is true?

A repeated-measures design refers to which of the following?

When there are many different levels of the independent variable in a repeated-measures design, it may not be possible to counterbalance using every order of conditions.Which of the following can be used in such a case?

When conducting statistical analyses in an experimental design, in order to confirm the research hypothesis, the researcher hopes that which of the following is true?

An experiment produces a between-groups variance estimate (mean square) of 25 and a within groups variance estimate (mean square) of 5.The F value is therefore

In an experimental research design, the research hypothesis is that

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of repeated-measures designs over between-participant designs?

The level of the independent variable in which the situation of interest was created is frequently known as which of the following?

Which of the following is used to be certain that the participants in the different conditions of a research design are, on average, equivalent before the experiment begins?

The goal of the ANOVA is to

In experimental research, the temporal priority of the independent variable is guaranteed through the use of

Which of the following statements is true?

Having more than two levels of the independent variable is necessary to

In an experiment studying the effect of attraction on sexual behavior, the independent variable of attraction is manipulated with two conditions: high attractiveness and low attractiveness.This design has ____________ independent variable with _________level(s).

Within repeated-measure designs, experimenters may arrange the order of conditions so that each condition has an equal chance of occurring after each other condition.This method is called

Which of the following statements is true?

In order to compare the means of levels of task performance when mood state is manipulated experimentally, a researcher would likely use which of the following statistical tests?

Which of the following three characteristics are used in experiments to make inferences about the causal relationship between the independent and the dependent variable?

Introduction to Research and Research Designs

The Research Hypothesis

Ethics in Research

Measures

Reliability and Validity

Surveys and Sampling

Naturalistic Methods

Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics

Correlational Research Designs

Experimental Research: Factorial Designs

Experimental Control and Internal Validity

External Validity

Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

Reporting Research Results

Data Preparation and Univariate Statistics

Bivariate Statistics

Multivariate Statistics

Filters

In an experiment studying the effect of attraction on sexual behavior, the independent variable of attraction is manipulated with two conditions: high attractiveness and low attractiveness.This design has ____ independent variable with _level(s).