Question 1

_______are characteristics of downcutting streams and a youthful stage of valley evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Meandering channels and natural levees 
B)  Rapids and whitewater 
C)  Wide floodplains 
D)  U- shaped, cross- valley profiles 
A)  Meandering channels and natural levees 
B)  Rapids and whitewater 
C)  Wide floodplains 
D)  U- shaped, cross- valley profiles

Question 2

Which one of the following best fits with floodplain widening?

Accepted Answer

A)  youthful stream; downcutting and waterfall retreat 
B)  mature stream; lateral cutting and point bar deposition 
C)  old age stream; rapid erosion of a delta 
D)  stream rejuvenation; downcutting and meandering 
A)  youthful stream; downcutting and waterfall retreat 
B)  mature stream; lateral cutting and point bar deposition 
C)  old age stream; rapid erosion of a delta 
D)  stream rejuvenation; downcutting and meandering

Question 3

_________make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dissolved salts 
B)  Silt and clay- sized, detrital grains 
C)  Coarse sand and gravel that move during floods 
D)  Dissolved ions and fine sand 
A)  Dissolved salts 
B)  Silt and clay- sized, detrital grains 
C)  Coarse sand and gravel that move during floods 
D)  Dissolved ions and fine sand

Question 4

What would cause a river to have a series of terraces lying at different elevations, all above its modern floodplain?

Accepted Answer

A)  incision due to uplift or lowered base level 
B)  deranged drainage patterns 
C)  agrarian alien visitors in the geologic past constructing paddies 
D)  progressive decreases in rainfall in its headwaters 
A)  incision due to uplift or lowered base level 
B)  deranged drainage patterns 
C)  agrarian alien visitors in the geologic past constructing paddies 
D)  progressive decreases in rainfall in its headwaters

Question 5

The__________ describes the movement of water through Earth's hydrosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitation cycle 
B)  aqualytic cycle 
C)  aquatic cycle 
D)  hydrologic cycle 
A)  precipitation cycle 
B)  aqualytic cycle 
C)  aquatic cycle 
D)  hydrologic cycle

Question 6

A ________stream pattern is developed only on growing mountains like volcanoes or where the land surface is tectonically doming upward as over intrusions or salt diapirs.

Accepted Answer

A)  dendritic 
B)  boreal 
C)  trellis 
D)  radial 
A)  dendritic 
B)  boreal 
C)  trellis 
D)  radial

Question 7

The bottom of a stream's channel is called its_____________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bottom of a stream's channel is...

Question 8

Which of the following are not methods of flood control?

Accepted Answer

A)  channelization 
B)  artificial levees 
C)  flood- control dams 
D)  demolishing dams 
A)  channelization 
B)  artificial levees 
C)  flood- control dams 
D)  demolishing dams

Question 9

_______describes the amount of water flowing past a certain point at any given time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Competence 
B)  Discharge 
C)  Hydro- load factor 
D)  Capacity 
A)  Competence 
B)  Discharge 
C)  Hydro- load factor 
D)  Capacity

Question 10

Which of the following statements is false about an anastomosing stream?

Accepted Answer

A)  have deep, interwoven, multiple channels 
B)  channels shift frequently 
C)  resemble braided streams 
D)  channels are separated by stable vegetated islands 
A)  have deep, interwoven, multiple channels 
B)  channels shift frequently 
C)  resemble braided streams 
D)  channels are separated by stable vegetated islands

Question 11

_________is an abandoned, cutoff, meander loop.

Accepted Answer

A)  A horsetail 
B)  A yazoo 
C)  An oxbow 
D)  A gatorback 
A)  A horsetail 
B)  A yazoo 
C)  An oxbow 
D)  A gatorback

Question 12

Which one of the following statements is true concerning natural levees?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erosional features are left behind when meander cutoff occurs. 
B)  They form the high, steep banks of a downcutting stream. 
C)  Depositional features formed at times of low discharge. 
D)  Mostly fine sand and silt build up during overbank floods. 
A)  Erosional features are left behind when meander cutoff occurs. 
B)  They form the high, steep banks of a downcutting stream. 
C)  Depositional features formed at times of low discharge. 
D)  Mostly fine sand and silt build up during overbank floods.

Question 13

What is the drop in water surface elevation divided by the distance the water flows?

Accepted Answer

A)  stream gradient 
B)  stream discharge 
C)  hydrologic resistance 
D)  hydraulic capacity 
A)  stream gradient 
B)  stream discharge 
C)  hydrologic resistance 
D)  hydraulic capacity

Question 14

Which one of the following statements correctly describes how stream terraces can form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Base level rises; the stream downcuts, and the old floodplain is left well above the elevation of the present- day channel. 
B)  A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream builds its channel upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. 
C)  A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream downcuts upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. 
D)  Base level drops; the stream aggrades its channel, and the former floodplain is left below the present elevation of the stream. 
A)  Base level rises; the stream downcuts, and the old floodplain is left well above the elevation of the present- day channel. 
B)  A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream builds its channel upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. 
C)  A temporary base level is eliminated; the stream downcuts upstream from the old temporary base level, and the former floodplain is left well above the present elevation of the stream. 
D)  Base level drops; the stream aggrades its channel, and the former floodplain is left below the present elevation of the stream.

Question 15

In the absence of cutoff, how does a river meander loop behave over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gradient is raised as the loop shortens, and the channel migrates away from the cut or outer bank of the loop. 
B)  The gradient is lowered as the channel lengthens and migrates toward the cut or outer bank of the loop. 
C)  The gradient is lowered as the loop shortens, and the channel migrates toward the shallow inner bank of the loop. 
D)  The gradient is raised as the loop lengthens, and the channel migrates toward the cut or inner bank of the loop. 
A)  The gradient is raised as the loop shortens, and the channel migrates away from the cut or outer bank of the loop. 
B)  The gradient is lowered as the channel lengthens and migrates toward the cut or outer bank of the loop. 
C)  The gradient is lowered as the loop shortens, and the channel migrates toward the shallow inner bank of the loop. 
D)  The gradient is raised as the loop lengthens, and the channel migrates toward the cut or inner bank of the loop.

Question 16

When did Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior drain via the Nipissing spillway to the Ottawa River and the St. Lawrence?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the Archean, prior to 2.5 b.y. ago as recorded by bedrock lithologies 
B)  in the Early Holocene between 10,500 and 5,500, prior to glacial isostatic rebound 
C)  prior to the 1930s when the waters were diverted to run hydroelectric stations and create the tourist attraction of Niagara Falls 
D)  in the 1920s by damming the rivers to make paths for the early log drives 
A)  in the Archean, prior to 2.5 b.y. ago as recorded by bedrock lithologies 
B)  in the Early Holocene between 10,500 and 5,500, prior to glacial isostatic rebound 
C)  prior to the 1930s when the waters were diverted to run hydroelectric stations and create the tourist attraction of Niagara Falls 
D)  in the 1920s by damming the rivers to make paths for the early log drives

Question 17

A dam and reservoir are constructed on a graded river. What will happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  deposition upstream from the dam; channel downcutting below 
B)  channel downcutting upstream and downstream from the dam 
C)  deposition upstream and downstream from the dam 
D)  channel downcutting upstream from the dam; deposition below 
A)  deposition upstream from the dam; channel downcutting below 
B)  channel downcutting upstream and downstream from the dam 
C)  deposition upstream and downstream from the dam 
D)  channel downcutting upstream from the dam; deposition below

Question 18

Entrenched meanders are evidence for what sequence of geologic events?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral cutting by streams was followed by subsidence of the land. 
B)  Stream downcutting was followed by a rise in base level. 
C)  Land uplift was followed by stream downcutting. 
D)  A sea level rise was followed by stream downcutting. 
A)  Lateral cutting by streams was followed by subsidence of the land. 
B)  Stream downcutting was followed by a rise in base level. 
C)  Land uplift was followed by stream downcutting. 
D)  A sea level rise was followed by stream downcutting.

Question 19

Where would you expect to find the coarsest particle size in delta sediments?

Accepted Answer

A)  distributary channels 
B)  foreset beds 
C)  bottomset beds 
D)  topset beds 
A)  distributary channels 
B)  foreset beds 
C)  bottomset beds 
D)  topset beds

Question 20

Why is a bird-foot delta like that of the present-day Mississippi below New Orleans likely to change naturally toward one with the shape of an equilateral triangle like the upper-case Greek letter delta (̇Δ)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased sediment loads since the mid-19th century have caused the major distributaries to be filled with sand. 
B)  Present-day distributaries have higher gradients than potential new ones. 
C)  Potential, new, distributary channels have higher gradients, causing downcutting of the existing channels. 
D)  Potential, new, major distributary channels have steeper gradients than existing channels. 
A)  Increased sediment loads since the mid-19th century have caused the major distributaries to be filled with sand. 
B)  Present-day distributaries have higher gradients than potential new ones. 
C)  Potential, new, distributary channels have higher gradients, causing downcutting of the existing channels. 
D)  Potential, new, major distributary channels have steeper gradients than existing channels.

_______are characteristics of downcutting streams and a youthful stage of valley evolution.

Which one of the following best fits with floodplain widening?

_________make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.

What would cause a river to have a series of terraces lying at different elevations, all above its modern floodplain?

The__________ describes the movement of water through Earth's hydrosphere.

A ________stream pattern is developed only on growing mountains like volcanoes or where the land surface is tectonically doming upward as over intrusions or salt diapirs.

The bottom of a stream's channel is called its_____________ .

Which of the following are not methods of flood control?

_______describes the amount of water flowing past a certain point at any given time.

Which of the following statements is false about an anastomosing stream?

_________is an abandoned, cutoff, meander loop.

Which one of the following statements is true concerning natural levees?

What is the drop in water surface elevation divided by the distance the water flows?

Which one of the following statements correctly describes how stream terraces can form?

In the absence of cutoff, how does a river meander loop behave over time?

When did Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior drain via the Nipissing spillway to the Ottawa River and the St. Lawrence?

A dam and reservoir are constructed on a graded river. What will happen?

Entrenched meanders are evidence for what sequence of geologic events?

Where would you expect to find the coarsest particle size in delta sediments?

Why is a bird-foot delta like that of the present-day Mississippi below New Orleans likely to change naturally toward one with the shape of an equilateral triangle like the upper-case Greek letter delta (̇Δ)?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 7: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

_______are characteristics of downcutting streams and a youthful stage of valley evolution.

Which one of the following best fits with floodplain widening?

_________make up the suspended loads of most rivers and streams.

What would cause a river to have a series of terraces lying at different elevations, all above its modern floodplain?

The__________ describes the movement of water through Earth's hydrosphere.

A ________stream pattern is developed only on growing mountains like volcanoes or where the land surface is tectonically doming upward as over intrusions or salt diapirs.

The bottom of a stream's channel is called its_____________ .

Which of the following are not methods of flood control?

_______describes the amount of water flowing past a certain point at any given time.

Which of the following statements is false about an anastomosing stream?

_________is an abandoned, cutoff, meander loop.

Which one of the following statements is true concerning natural levees?

What is the drop in water surface elevation divided by the distance the water flows?

Which one of the following statements correctly describes how stream terraces can form?

In the absence of cutoff, how does a river meander loop behave over time?

When did Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior drain via the Nipissing spillway to the Ottawa River and the St. Lawrence?

A dam and reservoir are constructed on a graded river. What will happen?

Entrenched meanders are evidence for what sequence of geologic events?

Where would you expect to find the coarsest particle size in delta sediments?

Why is a bird-foot delta like that of the present-day Mississippi below New Orleans likely to change naturally toward one with the shape of an equilateral triangle like the upper-case Greek letter delta (̇Δ)?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters