Question 1

How does urbanization (buildings, paving, lawns etc.) affect runoff and infiltration in a small, previously forested, drainage basin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Runoff decreases; infiltration increases. 
B)  Both increase. 
C)  Infiltration decreases; runoff increases. 
D)  Both decrease. 
A)  Runoff decreases; infiltration increases. 
B)  Both increase. 
C)  Infiltration decreases; runoff increases. 
D)  Both decrease.

Question 2

____________is the quantity of water flowing past a certain stream cross section per unit time.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________is the quantity of water flowing past...

Question 3

___________generally constitutes the highest percentage of the annual sediment load moved by a stream.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bed load 
B)  Suspended load 
C)  Saltation load 
D)  Dissolved load 
A)  Bed load 
B)  Suspended load 
C)  Saltation load 
D)  Dissolved load

Question 4

___________are components of the hydrologic cycle that release water vapour directly to the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A)  Precipitation and runoff 
B)  Discharge and transportation 
C)  Runoff and infiltration 
D)  Evaporation and transpiration 
A)  Precipitation and runoff 
B)  Discharge and transportation 
C)  Runoff and infiltration 
D)  Evaporation and transpiration

Question 5

The__________ river has the largest discharge of any in the world.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nile 
B)  Congo 
C)  Amazon 
D)  Mississippi 
A)  Nile 
B)  Congo 
C)  Amazon 
D)  Mississippi

Question 6

At the head of a delta, the major channel splits into smaller channels that follow different paths to the sea. These smaller channels are known as__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cotributaries 
B)  distributaries 
C)  exotributaries 
D)  endotributaries 
A)  cotributaries 
B)  distributaries 
C)  exotributaries 
D)  endotributaries

Question 7

__________in a delta are essentially cross strata inclined toward deeper water.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bottomset beds 
B)  Foreset beds 
C)  Topset beds 
D)  Backset beds 
A)  Bottomset beds 
B)  Foreset beds 
C)  Topset beds 
D)  Backset beds

Question 8

Which one of the following is true concerning a major river system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Channel bed roughness and turbulence generally increase downstream. 
B)  Discharge decreases below junctions with perennial tributaries. 
C)  Upstream tributaries generally have higher competencies than the major river. 
D)  Upstream tributaries generally have lower gradients than the major river. 
A)  Channel bed roughness and turbulence generally increase downstream. 
B)  Discharge decreases below junctions with perennial tributaries. 
C)  Upstream tributaries generally have higher competencies than the major river. 
D)  Upstream tributaries generally have lower gradients than the major river.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best characterizes alluvial fans?

Accepted Answer

A)  They develop where a low- gradient stream leaves a wide valley and deposits in a canyon. 
B)  They develop where a high- gradient stream leaves a narrow mountain valley and deposits on a flat area. 
C)  They develop where a low- gradient tributary meets the main stream. 
D)  They develop where a high- gradient tributary splits when it enters a flat area. 
A)  They develop where a low- gradient stream leaves a wide valley and deposits in a canyon. 
B)  They develop where a high- gradient stream leaves a narrow mountain valley and deposits on a flat area. 
C)  They develop where a low- gradient tributary meets the main stream. 
D)  They develop where a high- gradient tributary splits when it enters a flat area.

Question 10

____________describes the maximum particulate size that a stream can transport.

Accepted Answer

A)  Competence 
B)  Hydro- load factor 
C)  Capacity 
D)  Discharge 
A)  Competence 
B)  Hydro- load factor 
C)  Capacity 
D)  Discharge

Question 11

A stream begins at an elevation of 200 m and flows a distance of 400 km to the ocean. What is the average gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 km/in 
B)  2 km/m 
C)  0.5 m/km 
D)  2 m/km 
A)  0.5 km/in 
B)  2 km/m 
C)  0.5 m/km 
D)  2 m/km

Question 12

__________is not part of the hydrologic cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Water infiltrating into the soil and bedrock 
B)  Water evaporating from a lake 
C)  Calcium carbonate dissolving in or precipitating from soil water and groundwater 
D)  Water moving into creeks and streams following a rainstorm 
A)  Water infiltrating into the soil and bedrock 
B)  Water evaporating from a lake 
C)  Calcium carbonate dissolving in or precipitating from soil water and groundwater 
D)  Water moving into creeks and streams following a rainstorm

Question 13

Which statement below best describes how narrow valleys form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streams tend to flow down abandoned mine shafts. 
B)  Stream cuts vertically, but valley sides cave in due to weathering and mass wasting. 
C)  Stream water dissolves the bedrock along a narrow swath of soluble bedrock. 
D)  Stream cuts vertically along soft fault gouge. 
A)  Streams tend to flow down abandoned mine shafts. 
B)  Stream cuts vertically, but valley sides cave in due to weathering and mass wasting. 
C)  Stream water dissolves the bedrock along a narrow swath of soluble bedrock. 
D)  Stream cuts vertically along soft fault gouge.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is false about braided streams?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sand and gravel bars between channels are covered with vegetation. 
B)  Braided streams comprise complex networks of converging and diverging channels. 
C)  Sand and gravel bars between channels are unstable. 
D)  Braided channels are temporary and shift frequently. 
A)  Sand and gravel bars between channels are covered with vegetation. 
B)  Braided streams comprise complex networks of converging and diverging channels. 
C)  Sand and gravel bars between channels are unstable. 
D)  Braided channels are temporary and shift frequently.

Question 15

A(n)_________ is a curved lake on a low gradient floodplain formed from the abandoned channel after a meander loop is cut off.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxbow 
B)  drooping johnson 
C)  gooseneck 
D)  snakebelly 
A)  oxbow 
B)  drooping johnson 
C)  gooseneck 
D)  snakebelly

Question 16

Which deposits form during flood stage on a subaerial delta plain?

Accepted Answer

A)  foreset beds 
B)  bottomset beds 
C)  distributary channels 
D)  topset beds 
A)  foreset beds 
B)  bottomset beds 
C)  distributary channels 
D)  topset beds

Question 17

In a typical stream, the suspended sediment load________.

Accepted Answer

A)  weighs less than its total dissolved constituents 
B)  usually includes fine sand, silt, and clay 
C)  saltates along the bottom 
D)  decreases greatly during floods 
A)  weighs less than its total dissolved constituents 
B)  usually includes fine sand, silt, and clay 
C)  saltates along the bottom 
D)  decreases greatly during floods

Question 18

The greatest erosion and sediment transport in rivers happens ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  near the mouth where the discharge is the greatest 
B)  during floods because capacity and competence are at their maxima 
C)  during winter freeze up because of velocity changes below the ice 
D)  at ordinary discharge but at particular locations where the gradient decreases 
A)  near the mouth where the discharge is the greatest 
B)  during floods because capacity and competence are at their maxima 
C)  during winter freeze up because of velocity changes below the ice 
D)  at ordinary discharge but at particular locations where the gradient decreases

Question 19

_______is the product of the average flow velocity and the area of the channel cross section (velocity × area).

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrocapacity 
B)  Runoff gradient 
C)  Stream discharge 
D)  Stream load factor 
A)  Hydrocapacity 
B)  Runoff gradient 
C)  Stream discharge 
D)  Stream load factor

Question 20

Which of the following features characterize wide streams and valleys?

Accepted Answer

A)  natural levees; broad floodplains 
B)  V- shaped valley cross- sections 
C)  waterfalls; entrenched meanders 
D)  rapids; channel bed potholes 
A)  natural levees; broad floodplains 
B)  V- shaped valley cross- sections 
C)  waterfalls; entrenched meanders 
D)  rapids; channel bed potholes

How does urbanization (buildings, paving, lawns etc.) affect runoff and infiltration in a small, previously forested, drainage basin?

____________is the quantity of water flowing past a certain stream cross section per unit time.

___________generally constitutes the highest percentage of the annual sediment load moved by a stream.

___________are components of the hydrologic cycle that release water vapour directly to the atmosphere.

The__________ river has the largest discharge of any in the world.

At the head of a delta, the major channel splits into smaller channels that follow different paths to the sea. These smaller channels are known as__________.

__________in a delta are essentially cross strata inclined toward deeper water.

Which one of the following is true concerning a major river system?

Which of the following statements best characterizes alluvial fans?

____________describes the maximum particulate size that a stream can transport.

A stream begins at an elevation of 200 m and flows a distance of 400 km to the ocean. What is the average gradient?

__________is not part of the hydrologic cycle.

Which statement below best describes how narrow valleys form?

Which of the following statements is false about braided streams?

A(n)_________ is a curved lake on a low gradient floodplain formed from the abandoned channel after a meander loop is cut off.

Which deposits form during flood stage on a subaerial delta plain?

In a typical stream, the suspended sediment load________.

The greatest erosion and sediment transport in rivers happens ________.

_______is the product of the average flow velocity and the area of the channel cross section (velocity × area).

Which of the following features characterize wide streams and valleys?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 7: Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

How does urbanization (buildings, paving, lawns etc.) affect runoff and infiltration in a small, previously forested, drainage basin?

____________is the quantity of water flowing past a certain stream cross section per unit time.

___________generally constitutes the highest percentage of the annual sediment load moved by a stream.

___________are components of the hydrologic cycle that release water vapour directly to the atmosphere.

The__________ river has the largest discharge of any in the world.

At the head of a delta, the major channel splits into smaller channels that follow different paths to the sea. These smaller channels are known as__________.

__________in a delta are essentially cross strata inclined toward deeper water.

Which one of the following is true concerning a major river system?

Which of the following statements best characterizes alluvial fans?

____________describes the maximum particulate size that a stream can transport.

A stream begins at an elevation of 200 m and flows a distance of 400 km to the ocean. What is the average gradient?

__________is not part of the hydrologic cycle.

Which statement below best describes how narrow valleys form?

Which of the following statements is false about braided streams?

A(n)_________ is a curved lake on a low gradient floodplain formed from the abandoned channel after a meander loop is cut off.

Which deposits form during flood stage on a subaerial delta plain?

In a typical stream, the suspended sediment load________.

The greatest erosion and sediment transport in rivers happens ________.

_______is the product of the average flow velocity and the area of the channel cross section (velocity × area).

Which of the following features characterize wide streams and valleys?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters