Question 1

Which of the following is closest to the currently accepted age of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 billion years 
B)  100,000 years 
C)  5 million years 
D)  10 billion years 
A)  5 billion years 
B)  100,000 years 
C)  5 million years 
D)  10 billion years

Question 2

The Mantle extends from < 100 km to about__________ and is bounded at both its top and bottom by________

Accepted Answer

A)  290 km, the asthenosphere 
B)  2900 km, material of identical composition but contrasting temperature 
C)  600 km, layers of molten rock 
D)  2900 km, layers of markedly different chemical composition 
A)  290 km, the asthenosphere 
B)  2900 km, material of identical composition but contrasting temperature 
C)  600 km, layers of molten rock 
D)  2900 km, layers of markedly different chemical composition

Question 3

__________was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of the Pangaea supercontinent.

Accepted Answer

A)  Late Paleozoic glacial features 
B)  Geometric fit between South America and Africa 
C)  The Glossopteris flora 
D)  Islands of Proterozoic rocks along the Mid- Atlantic Ridge 
A)  Late Paleozoic glacial features 
B)  Geometric fit between South America and Africa 
C)  The Glossopteris flora 
D)  Islands of Proterozoic rocks along the Mid- Atlantic Ridge

Question 4

The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ___________of the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  crust 
B)  outer core 
C)  mantle 
D)  inner core 
A)  crust 
B)  outer core 
C)  mantle 
D)  inner core

Question 5

That fossil organisms succeed one another in an orderly and definite sequence is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the principal of fossil succession 
B)  the law of superposition 
C)  the law of the geologic time scale 
D)  the Phanerozoic principal 
A)  the principal of fossil succession 
B)  the law of superposition 
C)  the law of the geologic time scale 
D)  the Phanerozoic principal

Question 6

Earth's two chief energy sources for all of its heat and geologic processes are .

Accepted Answer

A)  wind and ocean currents 
B)  oil and coal 
C)  tidal forces and wind 
D)  external solar radiation and internal decay of naturally radioactive elements 
A)  wind and ocean currents 
B)  oil and coal 
C)  tidal forces and wind 
D)  external solar radiation and internal decay of naturally radioactive elements

Question 7

___________rocks always originate at the surface of the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  Igneous 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Metamorphic 
D)  Sedimentary 
A)  Igneous 
B)  Secondary 
C)  Metamorphic 
D)  Sedimentary

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata. 
B)  Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils. 
C)  Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers. 
D)  Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale. 
A)  Older strata generally are deposited on younger strata without intervening, intermediate age strata. 
B)  Strata with fossils are generally deposited on strata with no fossils. 
C)  Any sedimentary deposit accumulates on older rock or sediment layers. 
D)  Older fossils in younger strata indicate a locally inverted geologic time scale.

Question 9

In the early part of the 20th centur,___________ argued forcefully for continental drift.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alfred the Great 
B)  Alfred Wegener 
C)  Edwin Rommel 
D)  Karl Wagner 
A)  Alfred the Great 
B)  Alfred Wegener 
C)  Edwin Rommel 
D)  Karl Wagner

Question 10

The___________ theory is the leading hypothesis that describes the formation of the Sun, Earth, and other planets of the solar system.

Accepted Answer

A)  solar flareup 
B)  nebular 
C)  planoassemblar 
D)  astrostellar 
A)  solar flareup 
B)  nebular 
C)  planoassemblar 
D)  astrostellar

Question 11

According to Wegener, where was southern Africa located during the Late Paleozoic?

Accepted Answer

A)  30° south of the equator 
B)  over the south pole 
C)  up by the north pole 
D)  along the equator 
A)  30° south of the equator 
B)  over the south pole 
C)  up by the north pole 
D)  along the equator

Question 12

____________rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.

Accepted Answer

A)  Indigenous 
B)  Primary 
C)  Sedimentary 
D)  Igneous 
A)  Indigenous 
B)  Primary 
C)  Sedimentary 
D)  Igneous

Question 13

The San Andreas fault in California and the Alpine fault in New Zealand are good examples of____________

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent oceanic crust 
B)  emergent ocean basins 
C)  transform faults that cut continental crust 
D)  convergent margins between oceanic plates 
A)  divergent oceanic crust 
B)  emergent ocean basins 
C)  transform faults that cut continental crust 
D)  convergent margins between oceanic plates

Question 14

The composition of the core of Earth is thought to be ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron- nickel alloy 
B)  peridotite 
C)  granite 
D)  basalt 
A)  iron- nickel alloy 
B)  peridotite 
C)  granite 
D)  basalt

Question 15

The__________ , about 100 km thick, is the coldest, most rigid, and most brittle layer in the Earth.

Accepted Answer

A)  inner core 
B)  lithosphere 
C)  mesosphere 
D)  asthenosphere 
A)  inner core 
B)  lithosphere 
C)  mesosphere 
D)  asthenosphere

Question 16

A geologic understanding of natural resources includes __________of extraction or usage for water, soil, metallic, non- metallic, and energy resources.

Accepted Answer

A)  the conditions of formation and the environmental impact 
B)  the size of deposits and cost 
C)  the current corporate or political objective and most expedient means 
D)  the economic value and geographic location 
A)  the conditions of formation and the environmental impact 
B)  the size of deposits and cost 
C)  the current corporate or political objective and most expedient means 
D)  the economic value and geographic location

Question 17

Which one of the following is a logical consequence of the rapidly growing human population?

Accepted Answer

A)  Terrestrial, aquatic, and marine habitats will be unaffected by the rapid growth. 
B)  Reduced government regulation and spending and the application of new technologies will increase living standards and lessen environmental concerns. 
C)  Everybody will have much more fun because parties will be larger and more frequent. 
D)  Competition for nonrenewable natural resources will intensify. 
A)  Terrestrial, aquatic, and marine habitats will be unaffected by the rapid growth. 
B)  Reduced government regulation and spending and the application of new technologies will increase living standards and lessen environmental concerns. 
C)  Everybody will have much more fun because parties will be larger and more frequent. 
D)  Competition for nonrenewable natural resources will intensify.

Question 18

Compared to the age of the Universe of about 14 billion years, the currently accepted age of Earth is abou________t years as determined by using radioactivity for dating rocks and minerals.

Accepted Answer

A)  13.7 billion 
B)  4.6 thousand 
C)  5.4 million 
D)  4.6 billion 
A)  13.7 billion 
B)  4.6 thousand 
C)  5.4 million 
D)  4.6 billion

Question 19

The most prominent features on the ocean floor are the_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  oceanic ridges 
B)  lava plateaus 
C)  seamounts 
D)  deep- ocean trenches 
A)  oceanic ridges 
B)  lava plateaus 
C)  seamounts 
D)  deep- ocean trenches

Question 20

Of the hydrosphere, 97% is contained in__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  lakes and streams 
B)  groundwater 
C)  the oceans 
D)  glaciers 
A)  lakes and streams 
B)  groundwater 
C)  the oceans 
D)  glaciers

Which of the following is closest to the currently accepted age of the Earth?

The Mantle extends from < 100 km to about__ and is bounded at both its top and bottom by

__________was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of the Pangaea supercontinent.

The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ___________of the Earth.

That fossil organisms succeed one another in an orderly and definite sequence is ________.

Earth's two chief energy sources for all of its heat and geologic processes are .

___________rocks always originate at the surface of the Earth.

Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?

In the early part of the 20th centur,___________ argued forcefully for continental drift.

The___________ theory is the leading hypothesis that describes the formation of the Sun, Earth, and other planets of the solar system.

According to Wegener, where was southern Africa located during the Late Paleozoic?

____________rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.

The San Andreas fault in California and the Alpine fault in New Zealand are good examples of____________

The composition of the core of Earth is thought to be ____________.

The__________ , about 100 km thick, is the coldest, most rigid, and most brittle layer in the Earth.

A geologic understanding of natural resources includes __________of extraction or usage for water, soil, metallic, non- metallic, and energy resources.

Which one of the following is a logical consequence of the rapidly growing human population?

Compared to the age of the Universe of about 14 billion years, the currently accepted age of Earth is abou________t years as determined by using radioactivity for dating rocks and minerals.

The most prominent features on the ocean floor are the_________ .

Of the hydrosphere, 97% is contained in__________ .

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 1: An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Which of the following is closest to the currently accepted age of the Earth?

The Mantle extends from < 100 km to about__________ and is bounded at both its top and bottom by________

__________was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of the Pangaea supercontinent.

The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ___________of the Earth.

That fossil organisms succeed one another in an orderly and definite sequence is ________.

Earth's two chief energy sources for all of its heat and geologic processes are .

___________rocks always originate at the surface of the Earth.

Which of the following best describes the fundamental concept of superposition?

In the early part of the 20th centur,___________ argued forcefully for continental drift.

The___________ theory is the leading hypothesis that describes the formation of the Sun, Earth, and other planets of the solar system.

According to Wegener, where was southern Africa located during the Late Paleozoic?

____________rocks form by crystallization and consolidation of molten magma.

The San Andreas fault in California and the Alpine fault in New Zealand are good examples of____________

The composition of the core of Earth is thought to be ____________.

The__________ , about 100 km thick, is the coldest, most rigid, and most brittle layer in the Earth.

A geologic understanding of natural resources includes __________of extraction or usage for water, soil, metallic, non- metallic, and energy resources.

Which one of the following is a logical consequence of the rapidly growing human population?

Compared to the age of the Universe of about 14 billion years, the currently accepted age of Earth is abou________t years as determined by using radioactivity for dating rocks and minerals.

The most prominent features on the ocean floor are the_________ .

Of the hydrosphere, 97% is contained in__________ .

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

The Mantle extends from < 100 km to about__ and is bounded at both its top and bottom by